抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的应用

目的　探讨抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的合理应用。方法　按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口对635 例胸外科择期手术分组进行抗生素的种类、应用时机、术后疗程等方面切口感染率的统计比较。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口感染率分别为2.56% 、4.39% 、7.54% ;青霉素类、喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类抗生素应用,切口感染率分别为10.05% 、3.23% 、2.83% 。术后抗生素应用疗程,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口感染率3 天以上无差异性,Ⅲ类切口感染率5 天以上无差异性。结论　预防性抗生素应用在胸外科择期手术中有确实的临床意义;Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口的预防性抗生素以二、三代头孢菌素类或三代喹诺酮类为好,Ⅰ类切口的预防性抗生素应用仍应首选青霉素类为宜     

心脏瓣膜替换术体外循环搏动性血流灌注临床应用研究

本文报道心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣替换或二尖瓣加主动脉瓣双瓣膜替换术６５例,用双盲法选择病例,其中体外循环搏动性血流灌注３３例,平流灌注３２例,两组比较：搏动组心脏自动复跳率明显提高,术中尿量明显增加,术后用呼吸机时间明显缩短,差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜００１）,肢体末梢皮肤温度恢复时间提前,应用心肌正性肌力药例数,时间明显减少,两组差异明显（Ｐ＜００５）,血红蛋白尿例数有所增高,血小板计数（ＰＣ）及术后引流量差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）,随搏动时间的延长,血浆游离血红蛋白呈进行性增高,平均每３０ｍｉｎ增高６ｍｇ,差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜００１）。研究证明搏动性血流灌注明显优于平流灌注。     

Experimental study on the antitumor effect of mouse B7-1 gene

ＴｗｏｓｉｇｎａｌｔｈｅｏｒｙｆｏｒＴｃｅｌａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄａｎｅｗａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｆｏｒｔｕｍｏｒｇｅｎｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙ［１－２］．Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｏｒｙｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｇｅｎｅｉｎｔｒａｎｓｆｅｃｔ...     

乙肝病毒前C基因突变株感染者细胞免疫功能的观察

目的 检测乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）前Ｃ基因突变体感染者的细胞免疫水平,探讨细胞免疫与前Ｃ基因突变的关系。方法 用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针杂交技术从６０名慢性乙肝患者中筛选出ＨＢＶ前Ｃ基因突变株感染者,ＨＢＶ野毒株感染者及ＨＢＶ已清除者各５人,用血源性ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＣＤ＾４＋Ｔ辅助细胞识别的抗原表位ＨＢｃＡｇ５０－６９合成多肽进行特异性淋巴结转移转化实验,结果 ＨＢＶ前Ｃ基因突     

简易鼻塞式CPAP治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭50例

目的：探讨简易鼻塞式持续呼吸道正压给氧对新生儿呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法：对５０例新生儿呼吸衰竭应用简易鼻塞式持续呼吸道正压给氧,并与４０例对照组进行比较。结果：治疗组治愈率为５２％;死亡率为２１％;对照组治愈率为２０％,死亡率为６７５％。两组比较Ｐ＜００１有极显著差异。结论：简易鼻塞式持续呼吸道正压给氧是基层治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的最有效的方法,值得推广。     

抗核抗体在甲型病毒性肝炎中的检测

目的:探讨抗核抗体在甲型病毒性肝炎中的检测及意义。方法:用间接免疫荧光法对58例正常献血员和39例甲型病毒性肝炎患者进行抗核抗体(ANA)的检测。结果:甲型肝炎中抗核抗体阳性率为77%(339),3例阳性均为甲肝急性期患者。结论:ANA存在甲型肝炎中,虽阳性率低,仍提示甲型病毒性肝炎中可能存在自身免疫现象     

结肠、直肠癌术前区域动脉灌注化疗的临床病理观察

目的 探讨结直肠癌术前区域动脉灌注化疗对临床病理特征的影响及其可行性。方法 对３０例结、直肠癌患者以Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ方法插管、行选择性区域动脉并行灌注化疗。结果 所有病例病理检查均发现沿血管周围的癌细胞发生核固缩、碎裂,胞浆凝固、坏死、细胞间质水肿、纤维增生、炎细胞浸因和出现内膜增生、血管炎及血栓形成。结论订前选择性区域动脉灌注化疗要明显发迹结直肠癌患者的组织学形态,并使患者临床症状改善,对结直     

酒精、乙醛对星形胶质细胞膜脂质流动性的影响

应用荧光偏振技术探讨酒精及其代谢产物乙醛对与神经细胞发育分化相关的星形胶质细胞膜脂质荧光偏振度（Ｐｒ）和流动度（ＬＦＵ）的影响。结果表明低剂量酒精、乙醛并不影响星形胶质细胞膜脂荧光偏振度和流动度,而在中剂量以上均可影响星形胶质细胞的Ｐｒ值,导致荧光偏振度降低,而细胞膜脂质流动度增高,均与酒精、乙醛剂量显著相关。同剂量酒精、乙醛对星形胶质细胞作用和流动度增加无显著性差异。但酒精、乙醛均可导致星形胶质细胞膜脂质流动性增加,致使细胞膜的结构改变。     

视觉电生理联合应用对眼外伤视觉功能的评价

联合使用视觉电生理检查法评估外伤眼的视功能。方法单纯眼外伤３０例按受伤程度分３组,健康对侧眼为对照组,比较各组ＶＥＰＰ１００波潜伏值,３０Ｈｚ红闪炮光ＥＲＧ的振幅和暗适应ＥＲＧａ、ｂ波振幅的平均值。结论联合应用视觉电生理检测法是评价眼外伤视功能的可靠依据。     

Decreased glutamate metabolism in cultured astrocytes in the presence of thiopental.

The effect of thiopental on glutamate metabolism was studied by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cerebral cortical astrocytes were incubated with 0.5 mM [U-13C]glutamate for 2 hr in the presence of 0.5 or 1 mM thiopental. Labeled glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, and glutathione were observed in cell extracts, and glutamine, aspartate, and lactate in the medium. Not only present in the medium was uniformly labeled glutamate, but also glutamate derived from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus glutamate release could be detected. The amounts of [U-13C]glutamate and unlabeled glucose taken up by astrocytes were unchanged in the presence of 0.5 mM thiopental and decreased to about 50% and 80%, respectively when the concentration was increased to 1 mM. The amounts of most metabolites synthesized from [U-13C]glutamate were unchanged in the presence of 0.5 mM thiopental, but decreased [U-13C]glutamine, [U-13C]aspartate, and [U-13C]lactate were observed in the 1 mM group. Surprisingly, the amounts of [1,2,3-13C]glutamate, [2,3-13C]aspartate, and [3,4-13C]aspartate (2nd turn via the TCA cycle) were unchanged. However, this was not the case for [1,2-13C]lactate and [2,3-13C]lactate. Such variations indicate cellular compartmentation, possibly caused by a heterogeneous glutamate concentration within the cells affecting TCA cycle turnover rates differently.