全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23680篇 |
免费 | 2142篇 |
国内免费 | 1661篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 247篇 |
儿科学 | 205篇 |
妇产科学 | 304篇 |
基础医学 | 2557篇 |
口腔科学 | 279篇 |
临床医学 | 2915篇 |
内科学 | 3815篇 |
皮肤病学 | 221篇 |
神经病学 | 1070篇 |
特种医学 | 866篇 |
外国民族医学 | 11篇 |
外科学 | 2344篇 |
综合类 | 4319篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 1778篇 |
眼科学 | 606篇 |
药学 | 2515篇 |
17篇 | |
中国医学 | 1428篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1984篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 71篇 |
2023年 | 349篇 |
2022年 | 858篇 |
2021年 | 1087篇 |
2020年 | 817篇 |
2019年 | 723篇 |
2018年 | 814篇 |
2017年 | 703篇 |
2016年 | 716篇 |
2015年 | 1053篇 |
2014年 | 1332篇 |
2013年 | 1197篇 |
2012年 | 1967篇 |
2011年 | 2168篇 |
2010年 | 1444篇 |
2009年 | 1093篇 |
2008年 | 1448篇 |
2007年 | 1318篇 |
2006年 | 1203篇 |
2005年 | 1138篇 |
2004年 | 752篇 |
2003年 | 644篇 |
2002年 | 543篇 |
2001年 | 496篇 |
2000年 | 548篇 |
1999年 | 462篇 |
1998年 | 345篇 |
1997年 | 303篇 |
1996年 | 271篇 |
1995年 | 260篇 |
1994年 | 172篇 |
1993年 | 127篇 |
1992年 | 166篇 |
1991年 | 158篇 |
1990年 | 127篇 |
1989年 | 123篇 |
1988年 | 112篇 |
1987年 | 99篇 |
1986年 | 95篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Tang De-ji汤德骥 Xu Ying-han徐英含 Dai Di戴迪 Han Yong-jian韩永坚Wang Bi-chang王必瑺 Lang Ya-min郎亚民and Liang Yi梁毅Department of Hematology Pathology ZhejiangMedical University HangzhouZeng Yi曾毅Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Beijing 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》1989,102(11):819-824
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now considered as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A high risk of AIDS has been reported among patients with hemophilia who received lyophilized commercial factor VIII and IX concentrates of American origin. At a prevalent survey from September to December 1985, HIV antibodies were found in all four patients with hemophilia treated with the batch number W87307, 955 I.U. of American commercial factor VIII concentrate supplied by Armour Pharmaceutical Company, USA. One of the sero-positive patients developed AIDS-related complex (ARC) and died of cerebral hemorrhage. The other three sero-positive patients had abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity. Of them two developed left lumbosacral radiculopathy and hemorrhagic herpes zoster and one remained well so far. 相似文献
62.
Akio Tanaka Motoyoshi Okamoto Dai Yoshizawa Shigeru Ito Patricia González Alva Fumio Ide Kaoru Kusama 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2007,36(7):400-404
BACKGROUND: Although it has been reported that ghost cells are present in odontomas, the generation mechanism of these cells is unclear. To evaluate the presence of ghost cells and involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway, we examined the expression of hard keratins, beta-catenin and Lef-1 in odontomas. METHODS: Sixty-nine cases of odontoma were examined immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against human hair proteins, beta-catenin and Lef-1. RESULTS: Expression of hard keratins was found only in the cytoplasm of ghost cells in 46 (66.7%) of the 69 odontomas. Compound odontomas (78.8%) showed a higher incidence of ghost cells than complex odontomas (29.4%). Histopathologically, ghost cells were found within odontogenic epithelium adjacent to immature enamel and in the centre of Liesegang-ring-like calcified materials. Expression of beta-catenin and Lef-1 was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontogenic epithelial cells adjacent to the ghost cells in immature odontomas. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that odontoma is a hard keratin-expressing tumor-like lesion, and that the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the formation of ghost cells in odontomas. 相似文献
63.
64.
头孢氨苄缓释片在健康人体内的生物利用度和药物动力学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:比较头孢氨苄缓释片和普通胶囊的生物利用度和药物动力学。方法:10例健康志愿者分别单剂量口服500mg头孢氨苄缓释片和普通胶囊,血药浓度测定方法为HPLC法。结果:两种剂型体内过程均符合一室开放模型,缓释片的达峰时间(Tmax)为(2.58±0.59)h,峰浓度(Cmax)为(10.08±1.68)μg/ml.吸收速率常数(Ka)为(0.90±0.53)/h,消除速率常数(Ke)为(0.26±0.02)/g,半衰期(T1/2)为(2.67±0.23)h,清除率(Cl)为(6.93±1.71)L/h,分布容积(Vd)为(26.66±6.72)L,药一时曲线下面积(AUC)为(48.31±9.32)μg·h/ml。两种剂型T一C一Ka、Ke、T1/2和Cl均存在显著性差异(P<0.01),Vd、AUC无显著性差异(P>0.05);缓释片的相对生物利用度为(104.90±8.35)%。结论:缓释片的吸收减慢,Tmax推迟,T1/2延长,可减少服药次数,提高药物治疗的顺应性。 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
���εĻ�ȡ�����������淶���ȡ��������֮��Ĺ�ϵ 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 对供者肝脏等器官的联合获取、修整和保存方法进行研究。方法 采用原位腹主动脉和门静脉插管、低温灌注,快速多器官联合获取、低温保存技术及体外修整获得可供移植的肝移植物。结果 获取122例供者的移植物,平均热缺血时间为4min30s,平均获取时间为20min,平均冷缺血时间为10h。均采用4℃的HCA液(高渗枸橼酸盐腺嘌呤溶液)和UW液灌注和保存。118例修整成适用于临床用的肝的移植物,76例供肝在移植前留取了病理活检标本,病理检查提示供肝结构正常。移植术后,无原发性肝无功能发生。结论 该方法适合于供者肝脏等器官的快速联合获取、修整和保存。 相似文献
68.
Effect on peripheral nerve vivo with human insulin-like regeneration by transgene in growth factor-1
BACKGROUND: Human insulin-like growth factor (hIGF-1) has been successful in treating peripheral nerve injury, but it is still unclear whether hIGF-1 after transgene in vivo has the effect on promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerve.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hIGF-1 on the regeneration of peripheral nerve by transgene in vivo with electrophysiology, histological morphology and ultromicro morphology.
DESIGN: A univariate design.
SETTINGS: Jilin Institute of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University.
MATERIALS: Thirty male adult Wistar rats of grade Ⅱ, weighing 200-250 g, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University [certification number: SCXK-(Ji)20030001]. The rats were raised in the environment at the temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 70%. All the rats were randomly divided into hIGF-1-treated group, treatment control group and blank control group, 10 rats in each group. Positive liposomes (mass concentration of 2 g/L) and pcDNA3.1 (mass concentration of 1 g/L) were purchased from Beijing Yuanpinghao Company; pcDNAhIGF-1 (mass concentration of 1 g/L) was provided by Dr. Shen from the School of Public Health of Jilin University. The liposomes were mixed with plasmids with the mass ratio of 1.5 to 10.Operative microscope was made by Jiangsu Zhenjiang Microsurgical Instrument Factory; EMB-5304K electromyogram (EMG) evoked potential meter by Nihon Kohden Corporation. HPIAS-1 000 high-acuity color pathological imaging analytical system (Japan) and JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (Japan) were also used.
METHODS: The experiments were carried out in Jilin Institute of Surgery from April to June in 2004. ① All the rats were anesthetized, and the right sciatic nerve was exposed, and it was clipped with a clip at 5 mm below the piriform muscle for 3 times, 10 s for each time. The pressed width was 3 mm, and formed as membrane under operating microscope (×6). Rats in the hIGF-1-treated group were subepineurially injected with the mixture of pcDNAhIGF-1 and positive liposomes (10 μL) immediately, those in the treatment control group were injected with the mixture of pcDNA3.1, positive liposomes and distilled water (10 μL), and those in the blank control group were not given any injection. ② The sciatic nerve functional indexes (SFI) were measured within 56 days postoperatively according to the methods used by Shen et al. ISFI=0 was taken as normal, and ISFI=-100 as completely damaged. EMG evoked potential meter was used to record the electrophysiological changes of the regenerated nerve fibers. The indexes of histological morphology in 5 randomly selected sights were determined with the color pathological imaging analytical system, and the ultrostructures of the regenerated nerve fibers were also observed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the SFI within 56 days postoperatively; ② Comparison of the electrophysiology, histological morphology and ultrastructure of the regenerated nerve fibers 56 days postoperatively.
RESULTS: All the 30 Wistar rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① SFI: The SFI values were gradually increased as time prolonged in all the three groups, and the changes were more obvious after 24 days, the SFI values recovered better at each time point in the hIGF-1-treated group than in the other two groups. ② Eelectrophysiological results of right sciatic nerve: The latency of motor evoked potential (MEP) was close between the treatment control group and the blank control group [(2.55±0.36), (2.65±0.55) ms, P > 0.05], but higher in the hIGF-1-treated group [(2.14±0.22) ms] than in the blank control group (P < 0.01). The amplitude and conduction velocity of MEP in the treatment control group [(6.67±0.69) mV, (29.57±4.06) m/s] were close to those in the blank control group [(6.60±0.59) mV, (29.22±3.20) m/s, P > 0.05], but those in the hIGF-1-treated group [(7.81±0.84) mV, (36.91±4.37) m/s] were larger or faster than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01). ③ Results of the pathological image analysis of the regenerated nerve fibers: The axonal diameter, thickness of myelin sheath of the regenerated nerve fiber and the number of myelinated nerve fiber in the treatment control group [(2.28±0.33) μm, (1.08±0.18) μm2, (71.80±8.25) fibers] were close to those in the blank control group [(2.18±0.29) μm, (1.03±0.15) μm2, (68.60±8.55) fibers] (P > 0.05), and those in the hIGF-1-treated group [(3.03±0.35) μm, (1.65±0.24) μm2, (88.20±8.82) fibers] were obviously larger or more than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01). ④ Ultrastructure of the regenerated nerve fibers of sciatic nerve: In the hIGF-1-treated group, the regenerated fibers of sciatic nerve were more and mature, manifested by thicker nerve fibers, thicker and evener myelin sheath, which were better than those in the other two groups.
CONCLUSION: The results of the quantitative parameters of the electrophysiology, gross histological morphology and ultrostructural changes in the process of repairing damaged peripheral nerve indicate that transgene in vivo with hIGF-1 can promote the neural regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. 相似文献
69.
70.
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a clonal disease of the hematopoietic stem cell characterized by a hyperplasia of marrow erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis, and megakaryocytopoiesis. We previously reported that highly purified PV blood burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) are hypersensitive to recombinant human interleukin-3 (rIL-3). Because these cells may be only a subset, and not representative of marrow progenitors, we have now studied partially purified marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. Dose-response experiments with PV marrow BFU-E showed a 38-fold increase in sensitivity to rIL-3 and a 4.3-fold increase in sensitivity to recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) compared with normal marrow BFU-E. In addition, PV marrow colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) also showed a marked hypersensitivity to rIL-3 and to human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). Dose-response curves with rGM-CSF and blood BFU-E showed a 48-fold increase in sensitivity. No effect of rIL-4, rIL-6, human recombinant granulocyte-CSF (rG-CSF), or macrophage-CSF (rM-CSF) was evident, nor was there any effect of PV cell-conditioned medium on normal BFU-E, when compared with normal cell-conditioned medium. Autoradiography with 125I-rEpo showed an increase in Epo receptors after maturation of PV BFU-E to CFU-E similar to that shown with normal BFU-E, but no increase of specific binding of 125I-rIL-3 by PV CD34+ cells was seen compared with normal CD34+ cells. These studies show that PV marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells are hypersensitive to rIL-3 and rGM-CSF, similar to PV blood BFU-E. While the mechanism does not appear to be due to enhanced binding of rIL-3, the hypersensitivity of PV progenitor cells to IL-3 and GM-CSF may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of PV. 相似文献