股内侧肌下入路与绕髌正中入路对于人工膝关节置换术的疗效探讨

目的分析股内侧肌下入路与绕髌正中入路两种手术方式对于人工膝关节置换术的临床价值。方法选取2011年3月—2013年1月在该院进行人工膝关节置换的患者68例,根据手术入口的不同,分为两组,分别接受股内侧肌下入路膝关节置换术(观察组)和绕髌正中入路膝关节置换术(对照组),对观察组和对照组患者的手术切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、术后可直腿抬高时间、膝关节可屈曲到90°时间和住院时间进行观察。结果观察组的手术切口长度、手术中出血量和手术时间均低于对照组的患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组中的术后可直腿抬高时间、膝关节可屈曲到90°时间和住院时间均少于对照组的患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论股内侧肌下入路可以显著提高人工膝关节置换术的手术效果。     

Microwave plasma-assisted silicon nanoparticles: cytotoxic,molecular, and numerical responses against cancer cells

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), which have a special place in material science due to their strong luminescent property and wide applicability in various physicochemical arenas, such as solar cells and LEDs, were synthesised by a microwave plasma-assisted process using an argon–silane mixture. Several characterization tools were applied to check the crystallinity (XRD) and morphological (FESEM, TEM, ∼20 ± 2 nm size) and topographical (AFM, ∼20 nm) details of the NPs. The high-purity SiNPs were applied on myoblast cancer cells to investigate the reactivity of the NPs at different doses (200, 1000 and 2000 ng mL⁻¹) for different incubation periods (24 h, 48 h & 72 h). The MTT assay was utilized to determine the percentage of viable and non-viable cells, while the cell organization was observed via microscopy and CLSM. Additionally, the molecular responses (RT-PCR), such as apoptosis, were analyzed in presence of caspase 3 and 7, and the results showed an upregulation with SiNPs. To validate the obtained data, analytical studies were also performed for the SiNPs via statistical analysis and the most reliable data values were evaluated and acceptable as per the ICH guidelines.

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), which have a special place in material science due to their strong luminescent property and wide applicability in various physicochemical arenas synthesised via a microwave plasma-assisted process using an argon–silane mixture.     

慢性肝病患者脾硬度值与肝硬度值的相关分析

目的 研究慢性肝病患者脾脏硬度(SSM)值与肝脏硬度(LSM)值的相关性.方法 选择200例慢性肝病患者,其中肝硬化组120例,肝炎组80例.采用瞬时弹性成像技术检测两组SSM及LSM程度,并对其SSM值和LSM值进行相关分析.结果 肝硬化组、肝炎组的SSM值与LSM值均有显著相关性(r分别为0.377、0.314,P分别为0.000、0.005).结论 慢性肝病患者的SSM值与LSM值显著相关,临床联合检测SSM及LSM,可全面地评价慢性肝病患者的病情.     

Sonographic diagnosis of primary hydatid disease in the breast: The scroll sign

Primary hydatid disease of breast is a rare entity and is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is more commonly seen in sheep‐rearing populations and imaging plays a pivotal role in its diagnosis. Several imaging signs have been described in relation to hydatid cysts. However, the “scroll sign,” due to the infolding of the endocyst, has rarely been encountered, with only one similar case in literature, in which the imaging findings were inconclusive. We present a case of primary hydatid disease of breast in a young Asian woman, with the sonographic scroll sign. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42 :502–504, 2014     

猪骨羟基磷灰石的体外溶解行为研究

目的：探讨猪骨羟基磷灰石（PHA）的体外溶解行为.方法：运用固体滴定-激光散射监测法测定PHA在0.1 mol·L^-1 KCl溶液中的37℃等温溶解线;以钙离子活度计监测PHA浸泡于超纯水中的Ca^2＋释放动态变化.结果：PHA在pH值为3.0～5.0的0.1 mol·L^-1 KCl溶液中的溶解度与化学合成的羟基磷灰石（HA）差异无统计学意义,但显著低于牛骨羟基磷灰石,溶解度随pH值降低而升高;超纯水浸泡液中Ca^2＋浓度恒定维持在30～35×10^-6范围内,不受浸泡时间和浸泡物质量影响,更新浸泡液后PHA继续释放Ca^2＋至原始浓度.结论：PHA的溶解度与溶液pH值密切相关,在中性溶液中可释放Ca^2＋且浓度稳定.     

PCPA致大鼠失眠后不同时间点神经元线粒体形态和功能的变化

目的探讨大鼠对氯基丙氨酸（PCPA）造模后不同时间点大鼠额叶皮质神经元线粒体形态功能的变化。方法3月龄大鼠进行造模,分别观察PCPA腹腔注射后1、2、3、4d额叶皮质神经元线粒体形态功能的改变;采用超活染色和电镜分别观察线粒体的数目和超微结构变化,同时采用荧光显微镜检测线粒体膜电位改变和WST-1法测定线粒体ATP酶含量。结果3月龄大鼠造模后线粒体数量明显减少,超微结构以第3天变化最为显著;额叶皮层线粒体膜电位和Na＋-K＋-ATP、Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP酶活性第2天开始明显下降,第3天下降最明显（P〈0．05）,第4天略有回升。结论以3月龄大鼠进行PCPA制作失眠模型过程中额叶皮层线粒体超微结构和功能变化以连续注射3天最明显。     

Assessing short-term functional outcomes and knee alignment of computer-assisted navigated total knee arthroplasty

This retrospective study examined the relationship between the mechanical axis of the knee throughout its functional arc and functional outcomes in patients with computer-assisted navigation total knee arthroplasty. Data on final intraoperative functional arc alignment were obtained on 76 patients who had computer-assisted navigation total knee arthroplasty over a 2-year period and correlated with scores from postoperative Short Form 12 and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities functional outcome surveys. No correlation was found between functional arc alignment and outcomes from Western Ontario and McMaster Universities or Short Form 12 surveys; however, subgroup analysis of patients with more than 3° average final intraoperative alignment throughout the functional arc of motion demonstrated increased difficulty with daily activities (P = .05). The results indicate that patients with more than 3° average alignment throughout the functional arc of motion perform more poorly with daily activities postoperatively.     

Effect of an infection control educational programme on anaesthetists’ attitude and anaesthetic field bacterial contamination

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of an infection control educational programme in anaesthetic practice on the clinical performance of the personnel working in anaesthetic field and anaesthetic work place bacterial contamination.MethodsThis study was conducting on 35 personnel involved in 500 operations over two and half months. Their compliance towards handling of anaesthetic equipments, wearing of protective tools and hand hygiene was evaluated using a 13 items check list pre and post delivering of an educational infection control programme (intervention). Of 500 operations 300 were randomly selected for evaluation of bacterial contamination. Two swabs were taken from anaesthetic place before induction of general anaesthesia (T0) and 30 min intraoperative (T1) pre and post intervention. Another swab was taking from anaesthetists’ hands 15 min after induction of anaesthesia (T2).ResultsThe intervention programme influenced positively the attitude of junior anaesthetists and nurses regarding the proper use of protective tools, anaesthetic equipments and hand hygiene. Senior anaesthestists’ compliance with hand hygiene, frequency use of gloves and anaesthetic filter did not change after intervention. But their attitude towards handling of laryngoscope, anaesthetic face mask and catheter for suction improved after intervention. The adherence of housekeepers to hand hygiene, frequency of gloves use and anaesthetic equipments’ disinfection improved significantly after intervention. Ninety-two (63%) swabs were positive for bacteria at T0 before intervention. They reduced to 9 (6.3%) positive swabs after intervention. The number of positive swabs at T1 was 121 (82.9%) before intervention, reduced to 68 (47.2%) after intervention. One hundred and eight (74%) swabs from hands of anaesthetists were positive for bacteria before intervention. They lowered significantly to 55 (38.2%) after intervention. Bacterial cross infection between anaesthetic machine and anaesthetists’ hands existed pre and post intervention. In conclusion, infection control programme enhanced personnel clinical compliance and reduced bacterial contamination in anaesthetic place.     

Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue‐engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine

Interest is growing in the use of hydrogels as bone tissue‐engineering (TE) scaffolds due to advantages such as injectability and ease of incorporation of active substances such as enzymes. Hydrogels consisting of gellan gum (GG), an inexpensive calcium‐crosslinkable polysaccharide, have been applied in cartilage TE. To improve GG suitability as a material for bone TE, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone by cleaving phosphate from organic phosphate, was incorporated into GG hydrogels to induce mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). Incorporated ALP induced formation of apatite‐like material on the submicron scale within GG gels, as shown by FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, ICP‐OES, TGA and von Kossa staining. Increasing ALP concentration increased amounts of CaP as well as stiffness. Mineralized GG was able to withstand sterilization by autoclaving, although stiffness decreased. In addition, mineralizability and stiffness of GG was enhanced by the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA). Furthermore, mineralization of GG led to enhanced attachment and vitality of cells in vitro while cytocompatibility of the mineralized gels was comparable to one of the most commonly used bone substitute materials. The results proved that ALP‐mediated enzymatic mineralization of GG could be enhanced by functionalization with PDA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.