多发性硬化治疗中值得商榷的问题

多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis，MS）是引起青壮年残障的较常见的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病，其治疗研究已取得一定进展。合理治疗MS能改善患者的残障程度，降低复发率。治疗MS应以循证医学为依据，根据其病理生理机制，结合国内外专家和个人经验以及患者的经济条件和意愿，进行合理治疗。目前国内治疗MS因受经济条件和医疗保险报销等因素限制，只有极少数MS患者能用干扰素-β治疗，绝大多数患者还是使用肾上腺糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等治疗，存在的一些问题值得商榷。     

心脏穿透伤的急救护理18例

心脏穿透伤是心胸外科的特急重症,占到胸部外伤的 2％～396,据报道院外死亡率为62％～8496,入院后死亡率为15％,且有日益增高的趋势。我科1998年9月- 2005年4月共收治心脏穿透伤18例,取得一定的救护经验, 现报道如下。     

抗生素的合理使用

随着医药工业的发展,新药层出不穷。以抗生素为例,20世纪50年代临床用的抗生素只有青、链、红、氯四大素,现在常用临床的抗生素以有100多种,临床医生长期来忙与医疗任务,如何掌握新药信息,做到合理选药,合理用药,使药物的药理作用转化为治疗效应,已成为临床医生日益关心的问题。1抗生素在临床应用中存在问题1.1常规固定方案长期以来根据以往的经验或资料,正式或非正式采用抗生素治疗方案。如:氨苄西林+庆大霉素、青霉素+庆大霉素、红霉素+氯霉素。由于对致病菌针对性不强,以致延误治疗。1.2抗生素在选择中存在问题随着医药工业的发展,抗生素…     

THE EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC ARRHYTHMIA AND THE RELATION BETWEEN EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AND CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINE-LIKE RECEPTORS

For investigating the effect of acupuncture on ischemic arrhythmia and its mech-anism, adult albino rats with ligated anterior descending branch of coronary artery as experimentalmodel were treated with or without acupuncture, and others with imitative operation but without bothcoronary artery ligation and acupuncture treatment were used as control. It was found in acupuncturegroup that the fibrillation-liability of ischemic myocardium was efficiently decreased, the affinity ofAch-M receptors on membranes of ischemic myocardium was markedly increased, and the tolerance ofischemic myocardium to atropine was elevated in the experiment of atropine inducing fibrillation.These results indicate that acupuncture may play a therapeutic role on ischemic arrhythmia throughactivating the activity of muscarine-like receptors of cholinergic nervous system.     

Risk factors of influenza transmission in households.

BACKGROUND: Influenza transmission in households is a subject of renewed interest, as the vaccination of children is currently under debate and antiviral treatments have been approved for prophylactic use. AIMS: To quantify the risk factors of influenza transmission in households. DESIGN OF STUDY: A prospective study conducted during the 1999 to 2000 winter season in France. SETTING: Nine hundred and forty-six households where a member, the index patient, had visited their general practitioner (GP) because of an influenza-like illness were enrolled in the study. Five hundred and ten of the index patients tested positive for influenza A (subtype H3N2). A standardised daily questionnaire allowed for identification of secondary cases of influenza among their household contacts, who were followed-up for 15 days. Of the 395 (77%) households that completed the questionnaire, we selected 279 where no additional cases had occurred on the day of the index patient's visit to the GP. METHODS: Secondary cases of influenza were those household contacts who had developed clinical influenza within 5 days of the disease onset in the index patient. Hazard ratios for individual clinical and demographic characteristics of the contact and their index patient were derived from a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Overall in the 279 households, 131 (24.1%) secondary cases occurred among the 543 household contacts. There was an increased risk of influenza transmission in preschool contacts (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 3.26) as compared with school-age and adult contacts. There was also an increased risk in contacts exposed to preschool index patients (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.42) and school-age index patients (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.65), compared with those exposed to adult index cases. No other factor was associated with transmission of the disease. CONCLUSION: Our results support the major role of children in the dissemination of influenza in households. Vaccination of children or prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors would prevent, respectively, 32-38% and 21-41% of secondary cases caused by exposure to a sick child in the household.     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的内镜治疗体会

我院2000～2005年经内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎36 例,现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 36例急性胆源性胰腺炎,男21例,女15 例,年龄21～77岁,平均45岁。全部患者均有腹痛,黄疸29 例,体温38℃31例。血常规示WBC≥15×109／L,血、尿淀     

Information Fusing Recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Pulse State Based on Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network

Based on the fuzzy characteristic of the pulse state and syndromes differentiation thinking mode of TCM, an information fusing recognition method of pulse states based on SFNN （Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network） is presented in this paper. With the learning ability in parameters and structure, SFNN fuses the measurement information of three pulse-state sensors distributed in Cun, Guan, and Chi location of body for the pulse state recognition. The experimental results show that the percentage of correct recognition with new method is higher than that by single-data recognition one, with fewer off-line train numbers.     

颅脑外伤性病变的CT检查及其临床意义

目的：探讨颅脑外伤严重程度及CT征象与预后的关系，并探讨CT复查的最佳时间及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析80例颅脑外伤的严重程度与初次CT征象的关系，统计分析复查CT发现新病变的数目、程度及时间。结果：颅脑外伤的严重程度与初次CT征象符合率为92．5％(74／80)。外伤后即刻昏迷、CT显示重度复合伤、脑干损伤或弥漫性脑白质损伤的病死率达70．0％(21／30)。1～3d复查CT发现迟发性病变80个，4—7d21个，7d后8个。结论：临床病情与CT征象变化对判断预后有重要意义，颅脑外伤后3、7d是复查CT的最佳时机，出现病情变化应随时复查。     

针法微型外科解剖学基础

1针法微型外科对解剖学的要求 随着临床医学的发展，对解剖学从不同角度、不同形式提出了要求。解剖学指导和促进了医学的发展，同时又要求解剖学不断创新。早期的解剖学主要是服务于外科手术。随着外科手术的细致深入和发展，除常规的人体解剖和局部解剖外，又出现了显微外科解剖，人体皮瓣解剖，B超、CT和核磁共振等影像学解剖。