医疗护理员核心能力评价指标体系的构建

目的 构建一套科学、系统的医疗护理员核心能力评价指标,为医疗护理员的培养、考核和能力评价提供参考。方法 通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈,形成医疗护理员核心能力评价指标初稿。2022年9～11月,采用德尔菲专家函询法对7个省份的20名专家进行问卷函询,运用层次分析法确定各级指标权重。结果 共开展2轮函询,问卷有效回收率分别为100.00%和95.24%,第2轮专家权威系数为0.929,肯德尔和谐系数为0.230（P＜0.05）。最终构建理论知识、实践技能、综合能力和人文特质4个一级指标、13个二级指标、50个三级指标。结论 构建的医疗护理员核心能力评价指标体系意见集中,可信度较高,对医疗护理员的培养、考核和能力评价具有指导意义。     

领悟社会支持在恶性肿瘤患者性格优势与应对方式间的中介效应

目的 了解恶性肿瘤患者性格优势、领悟社会支持及应对方式现状,探讨三者的关系。方法 以便利抽样法选取235例恶性肿瘤患者,采用一般资料调查表、三维度性格优势问卷、领悟社会支持量表、医学应对方式问卷进行调查。结果 恶性肿瘤患者性格优势总分（52.40±4.34）分,领悟社会支持总分（62.55±7.42）分,应对方式中面对、回避、屈服维度得分分别为（17.57±3.33）分、（16.08±2.49）分、（8.70±2.12）分。性格优势与领悟社会支持、面对及回避呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,屈服与性格优势、领悟社会支持呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。领悟社会支持在性格优势与屈服间起部分中介作用,间接效应占总效应的21.04%。结论 恶性肿瘤患者性格优势为中等水平,领悟社会支持为高支持状态,最常使用的应对方式是回避,性格优势可以通过领悟社会支持影响患者应对方式。建议医护人员制订基于性格优势的干预措施,调动并利用患者的社会支持系统,促进患者积极应对疾病。     

肺移植患者术后症状群研究的范围综述

目的 对肺移植患者术后症状群研究文献进行范围综述,为完善肺移植术后患者症状群管理提供参考。方法 检索国内外9个数据库建库至2022年3月10日收录的肺移植患者术后症状群相关研究。结果 共纳入11篇文献。提取9个症状群,频次排在前3位的分别是心理、神经肌肉、胃肠道症状群。症状群评估工具包括单一症状评估量表和多症状评估量表;症状群的影响因素主要包括性别、免疫抑制剂不良反应、并存疾病等。结论 肺移植患者术后症状群随时间变化,受多种因素影响,特异性测评工具有待开发。     

CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良继发重度骨关节炎髋臼解剖旋转中心重建方法及效果

目的探讨在全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发重度骨关节炎(OA)中准确去除髋臼骨赘及重建人工髋臼解剖旋转中心的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年6月,上海交通大学第九人民医院骨科应用人工全髋关节置换术治疗的31例(36髋)CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA炎患者。病例纳入标准:CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型成人DDH继发终末期OA(TonnisⅣ型),髋关节疼痛影响正常生活方式或工作;排除标准:患侧髋关节有感染史、骨折史及手术史,下肢有感觉障碍及肌力异常。CroweⅡ型25髋,CroweⅢ型11髋。术前应用平片、CT等影像学方法评估髋臼形态及髋臼缘骨赘部位与骨赘量,术中以坐骨结节作为真实髋臼后壁高度的参考标志,准确切除髋臼后缘增生骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志确定真臼位置及深度重建臼杯,最后以臼杯前缘为标志切除髋臼前缘残留骨赘。所有患者均应用生物型臼杯,臼杯直径为44~52 mm。术前、术后对术侧髋关节进行Harris髋关节评分(HHS),术后测量假体旋转中心的垂直与水平距离及外展角。SPSS 13.0统计学软件包处理数据,计量资料应用t检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者均未发生血管、神经损伤及髋臼骨折,旋转中心垂直距离、水平距离分别为(22.5±3.2)mm及(29.4±2.6)mm,与解剖旋转中心符合率为86.11%,外展角为(44.3±3.2)°。随访期间未发生髋关节脱位、假体松动、感染等并发症。Harris髋关节评分(HHS)由术前(38±9)分(25~55分)升至术后末次随访(94±3)分(89~100分),差异有统计学意义(t=35.95,P0.05)。结论CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA的髋臼形态发生明显改变,术前应用CT充分评估髋臼形态,术中准确切除骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志重建髋臼旋转中心接近解剖旋转中心,可达到满意的临床效果。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ureaplasma urealyticum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoplasma hominis</Emphasis> infections and semen quality in 19,098 infertile men in China

Objective

This study aimed to determine the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections in infertile and fertile men and to investigate their effects on the semen quality. The study also aimed to analyze the drug susceptibility of UU and MH to provide guidance for reasonable antibiotic use.

Methods

A total of 19,098 semen specimens were obtained from infertile men at our hospital from January to December 2014. In addition to these specimens, 3368 semen specimens of sperm were obtained from donors at the sperm bank of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Semen analysis was performed using the methods outlined by the World Health Organization.

Results

The prevalence of UU and MH significantly differed between infertile and fertile men. The mean progressive motility, total motility, and normal forms in the semen samples of infertile males positive for UU significantly differed from the corresponding values of uninfected men. However, the semen parameters did not differ between MH-infected and uninfected men. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, UU, MH, and UU mixed with MH were all found susceptible to doxycycline and josamycin with drug resistance rates below 6 %, but both species were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions

Clinical assessment revealed a significant relationship between UU and MH infections and male infertility. UU was found to significantly affect sperm quality, but this was not the case with MH. Doxycycline and josamycin should be preferred for clinically treating UU and MH infections.

     

精细化管理ORTCC模型在维持性血液透析肌少症患者管理中的应用

目的 探讨精细化管理ORTCC模型在维持性血液透析肌少症患者管理中的应用效果。方法 将2022年2～6月行维持性血液透析治疗的62例肌少症患者按病区分为对照组与干预组,各31例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组在此基础上采用精细化管理ORTCC模型(围绕目标、规则、训练、考核和文化5个要素)实施管理,干预6个月后评价效果。结果 干预组患者骨骼肌质量指数、上臂肌肉围度、简易躯体功能量表评分,握力、步速、知识掌握率显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 精细化管理ORTCC模型的应用可改善肌少症相关指标,提高机体功能,提升患者知识掌握度,利于对患者的精准管理。     

基于症状管理理论的尿道下裂患儿疼痛管理方案的制定及应用

目的 探讨尿道下裂患儿疼痛管理方案的应用效果。方法 按住院时间将尿道下裂手术患儿分为对照组62例和观察组64例。对照组按常规诊疗程序护理;观察组实施基于症状管理理论的疼痛管理方案。比较两组患儿术后4 h中重度疼痛发生率;术后不同时间疼痛评分、患儿家属满意度和患儿并发症发生率。结果 患儿术后4 h中重度疼痛发生率、术后不同时间疼痛评分观察组显著低于对照组,患儿家属满意度观察组显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);两组尿瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 疼痛管理方案的实施能有效提高尿道下裂患儿术后镇痛效果,提高患儿家属满意度。     

社区老年人肌少症筛查工具的研究进展

对国内外社区老年人肌少症筛查工具进行综述,包括筛查工具的主要内容、特点、应用现状以及局限性,以期为护理实践及肌少症筛查工具本土化开发和应用提供借鉴。     

两种镇痛方式改善静脉输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛的效果比较

目的 观察Valsalva呼吸、复方利多卡因乳膏减轻输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛感的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取148例接受抗肿瘤药物治疗患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、利多卡因组和Valsalva组,分别在无损伤针穿刺前1 h涂抹医用凡士林(安慰剂)、复方利多卡因乳膏和穿刺时采用Valsalva呼吸。观察患者穿刺疼痛程度。结果 利多卡因组疼痛评分显著低于Valsalva组和对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏可缓解输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛,提升患者舒适度。     

Bone-to-Bone Ligament Preserving Laminoplasty with Ultrasonic Osteotome Assistance for Intraspinal Tumors: A Technical Note and Clinical Follow-Up

Objective

Laminectomy has been widely used for intraspinal tumor resection. However, the tilted spinous process and narrow lateral laminae of the thoracic spine along with the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine pose certain problems for the laminae removal of the traditional laminectomy. We improved the laminectomy method with ultrasonic osteotome to treat thoracolumbar tumors and assessed its safety and superiority.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in 86 patients with thoracolumbar (T4–L5) spinal tumors treated by resection, including 44 with the lamina removed using the traditional method and 42 with the lamina removed using the bone-to-bone ligament preserving (BLP) laminoplasty, which preserves the posterior ligament complex. Age, sex, and tumor size, location, and depth were compared between the two groups. The length of incision and bone window, time to remove the vertebral lamina, and epidural effusion volume were recorded at 2 weeks after surgery in the two groups. Postoperative reexamination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery was compared with preoperative MRI to assess the change in vertebral lamina displacement.

Results

There were no statistical differences in age, sex, and tumor size, depth, or location between the two groups. The BLP laminectomy did not increase the risk of dural, spinal cord, or nerve injuries. The difference between the incision and tumor length, as well as the difference between the bone window and tumor length in the BLP laminectomy group, were smaller than those in the traditional laminectomy group, and the BLP laminectomy took less time compared to that of the traditional laminectomy (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of epidural effusion between the two groups at 2 weeks postoperatively, or in the displacement of the returned vertebral plate observed in sagittal and axial positions. The same was true for the displacement at 3 months postoperatively in the axial position. However, the sagittal displacement in the BLP laminectomy group was smaller than that in the traditional laminectomy group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The BLP laminectomy is safe for the resection of thoracolumbar spinal canal tumors. It is less traumatic and faster, with less displacement of the returned lamina, resulting in a stable repair of the spine.