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151.
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153.
Lithium suppresses excitotoxicity-induced striatal lesions in a rat model of Huntington's disease 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Huntington's disease is a progressive, inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of subsets of neurons primarily in the striatum. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of lithium against striatal lesion formation in a rat model of Huntington's disease in which quinolinic acid was unilaterally infused into the striatum. For this purpose, we used a dopamine receptor autoradiography and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in situ hybridization analysis, methods previously shown to be adequate for quantitative analysis of the excitotoxin-induced striatal lesion size.Here we demonstrated that subcutaneous injections of LiCl for 16 days prior to quinolinic acid infusion considerably reduced the size of quinolinic acid-induced striatal lesion. Furthermore, these lithium pre-treatments also decreased the number of striatal neurons labeled with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting demonstrated that lithium-elicited neuroprotection was associated with an increase in Bcl-2 protein levels.Our results raise the possibility that lithium may be considered as a neuroprotective agent in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. 相似文献
154.
湖南省两地区成瘾物质使用状况调查报告:使用率及相关因素 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
本文采用整群抽样的方法,对湖南两地区城乡共2377人(15岁以上)的成瘾物质使用状况进行调查,其中男1179(49.6%)人,女1199(50.4%人),平均年龄男女分别为41.2(SD=17.5)和43.4(SD=18.6)。结果表明,饮酒率男性为57.5%,女性为17.3%,吸烟率男女分别为68.2%和11.7%;饮酒者多集中在每月饮1次左右的人群中(男57.9%,女77.9%),但吸烟者多集中在每日吸20支及以上(男52.4%,女42.9%)的人群中。除解热镇痛剂外,男性各种精神活性物质的使用频率及剂量皆男高于女性,开始使用的年龄及成瘾的年龄男性低于女性;性别、使用频度、最早使用的年龄、婚姻与饮酒、吸烟量关系最为密切。有14人使用过鸦片类物质,4人使用过兴奋剂。作者讨论了我国成瘾物质使用的特点,指出经济水平、社会文化背景等因素与我国社会性成瘾物质的使用有密切关系。 相似文献
155.
A study of the x-ray sensitivity of amorphous selenium (a-Se) for digital mammography has been performed. A uniform layer of a-Se was deposited on a glass substrate with electrodes on both surfaces. The deposition procedure was identical to that used for a-Se flat-panel detectors. A high voltage was applied to the top surface of the a-Se layer in order to establish an electric field E(Se). Then the sample was exposed to x rays with 27 kVp spectra generated from an x-ray tube with a molybdenum (Mo) target. The mean x-ray energy of the spectrum used was approximately 16.6 keV. The x-ray current generated by the a-Se layer was measured as a function of E(Se). From the current measurement and the estimation of total x-ray energy absorbed in the a-Se, the energy required to create one electron-hole pair (EHP), W, was determined as a function of E(Se). It was found that at the most commonly used E(Se) of 10 V/microm, W was measured as 64 eV. This is considerably higher than the widely accepted typical value of W = 50 eV measured at higher x-ray photon energies (e.g., 50 keV). The dependence of W as a function of E(Se) can be best fitted using the empirical expression of E(Se)-gamma. This relationship is consistent with the results obtained at higher x-ray energies. This article provides an accurate measurement of x-ray sensitivity of a-Se at mammographic energies independent of detector operation, such as the most recently developed flat-panel detectors. The results will be a useful tool for investigation and optimization of a-Se-based x-ray imaging detectors, such as determination of pixel fill-factor and optimal E(Se) during operation. 相似文献
156.
157.
Interleukin-15 is not required for the induction or maintenance of orally induced peripheral tolerance 下载免费PDF全文
Orally induced tolerance is a physiologically relevant form of peripheral tolerance, which is believed to be important for the prevention of pathological immune responses in the gut. Of several mechanisms proposed to mediate oral tolerance, one that has received much attention recently is the concept of regulatory CD4+ T cells. As recent studies have suggested that interleukin (IL)-15 may be important for the differentiation and maintenance of regulatory CD4+ T cells, we have examined the role of IL-15 in oral tolerance, using a soluble form of the IL-15 receptor (sIL-15R) which blocks the biological effects of IL-15 in vivo. Oral tolerance induced by feeding mice ovalbumin (OVA) in a low-dose regimen believed to induce regulatory T cell activity was not affected by the administration of sIL-15R during either the induction or maintenance phase of tolerance. Thus, oral tolerance does not involve an IL-15-dependent mechanism. 相似文献
158.
Anti-tumor immunoglobulin M increases lung metastasis in an experimental model of malignant melanoma
Cancer metastasis involves distinct steps that depend on complicated tumor–host interactions. The hematogenous dissemination
of tumor cells may be facilitated by factors that promote the arrest and adherence of cancer cells in capillaries. We examined
whether anti-tumor monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies promoted the hematogenous dissemination of B16 melanoma cells
in syngeneic mice. IgM monoclonal antibodies were generated that selectively bind to B16 melanoma cells as compared to syngeneic
fibroblasts, lymphocytes or Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Incubation of B16-BL6 or B16-F0 melanoma cells with these IgM anti-tumor
antibodies significantly increased the number of lung colonies as compared with control antibodies. Moreover, intraperitoneal
injection of specific antibody also significantly increased lung colonization. All anti-tumor antibodies promoted the aggregation
of B16 melanoma cells. A chemically generated immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like fragment of an anti-tumor IgM antibody displayed
greatly reduced tumor aggregation and, in contrast to intact IgM, did not significantly increase lung colonization of B16
melanoma cells. Neither intact IgM nor the IgG-like fragment enhanced the in vitro invasiveness of B16 melanoma cells across Matrigel-coated membranes. Our results, therefore, suggest that besides their beneficial
anti-tumor effects, anti-tumor IgM antibodies may also promote the hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
159.
160.
Sequences corresponding to some of the polymorphic loci previously reported from Entamoeba histolytica have been detected in Entamoeba dispar. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of two loci between E. dispar strain SAW760 and E. histolytica strain HM-1:IMSS revealed significant differences in both repeat and flanking regions. The tandem repeat units varied not only in sequence but also in number and arrangement between the two species at both the loci. Using the sequences obtained, primer pairs aimed at amplifying species-specific products were designed and tested on a variety of E. histolytica and E. dispar samples. Amplification results were in complete agreement with the original species classification in all cases, and the PCR products displayed discernible size and pattern variations among the isolates. 相似文献