血管内皮生长因子在电烧伤大鼠血清及创面组织中的表达变化

目的 观察电烧伤大鼠血清和创面组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达变化,探讨其在电烧伤病变中的作用机制. 方法 按随机数字表法将64只SD大鼠分为正常对照组(8只)和电烧伤组(56只).于伤后6h和1、3、7、14、21、28 d,每时相点处死8只电烧伤组大鼠,留取创面肌肉组织和血清样本.HE染色观察创面组织病理学改变,双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清VEGF含量,蛋白质印迹法检测创面VEGF蛋白的表达量,免疫组织化学法检测创面VEGF的表达定位,计算微血管密度(MVD)值.对MVD值与VEGF表达强度行相关性分析.取未经任何处理的正常对照组大鼠腿部腹侧肌肉组织及血清进行上述指标检测.对数据进行单因素方差分析与Spearman等级相关分析,两两比较LSD-t检验. 结果 (1)电烧伤组大鼠伤后6h及1d,创面组织肌纤维断裂,大量炎性细胞浸润,组织水肿明显;伤后3d有新生血管生成;7d时肉芽组织及新生血管数量明显增多.(2)电烧伤组大鼠伤后6h及1、14 d,血清VEGF含量分别为(43±11)、(44±11)、(74±27) pg/mL,明显高于正常对照组的(15±9)pg/mL(t值为4.001～5.724,P值均小于0.01).(3)与正常对照组肌肉组织VEGF蛋白表达量(0.21±0.09)比较,电烧伤组各时相点大鼠创面组织VEGF蛋白表达量均升高,伤后7d达峰值,为0.63±0.13(t =4.965,P＜0.05).(4)电烧伤组早期炎性细胞VEGF表达强阳性,后期以新生血管内皮细胞阳性表达为主.(5)电烧伤组伤后3、7、14、21、28 d,创面组织MVD值和VEGF表达强度呈显著正相关(rs=0.834,P＜0.01). 结论 电烧伤后不同阶段,VEGF在大鼠创面组织及血清中的表达各不相同,其改变与伤后体液渗出及创面愈合过程密切相关.     

数字化三维重建系统在肝泡型包虫病治疗中的应用

目的 探讨数字化三维重建系统在肝泡型包虫病(HAE)治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用数字化三维重建系统对2011年2月至10月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的13例HAE患者的肝脏CT检查数据进行三维重建及智能分析,术前评估可切除性,设计合理的手术方案,完成术前个体化虚拟手术,并与术中实际情况作比较.结果 13例患者CT检查数据三维重建结果满意,肝内病灶及相关管道关系显示清晰.l例患者行体外肝切除+自体肝移植术,10例行肝切除术,2例行PTCD,与虚拟手术设计方案一致.术前通过三维重建系统对11例拟行手术的患者进行虚拟手术设计,测得预切除肝脏平均体积为920 ml(339～2678ml);切除肝脏体积占全肝体积平均为45％(23％～68％).患者实际切除肝脏平均体积为834 ml(315 ～2250 ml);术中切除肝脏体积占全肝体积平均为42％ (22％ ～70％),与术前三维重建结果基本一致.术后随访2～8个月,所有患者未出现肝功能衰竭、出血、胆汁漏等严重并发症.结论 数字化三维重建系统有助于确定HAE合理的手术方式,有效降低了手术风险.     

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic angiomyolipoma

Background

Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare liver tumor. This paper summarized the clinical, radiological and pathological features of HAML.

Methods

Seventeen cases of HAML were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were subjected to surgical resection of tumor, one of which was performed emergency surgery because of hemorrhage of tumor.

Results

There are 13 females and 4 males, most of whom were asymptotic except 4 had minimal abdominal discomfort. US, CT and/or MRI were taken and corresponding data was comprehensively analyzed with other clinical signs and symptoms. Correct preoperative diagnosis was able to be achieved in 9 patients. Pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry of HMB-45 was used as final diagnosis. All patients were followed up and survived without recurrence.

Conclusions

Preoperative diagnosis of HAML can be benefited from comprehensive analysis of clinical manifestations. The malignant potential and fast growth of tumor suggested surgical removal of tumor while it was diagnosed.Key Words: Hepatic tumor, angiomyolipoma, diagnosis, surgery     

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objective

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy for large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been reported in the literature and may be a viable alternative to open surgery for large prostate glands. While previous publications have shown comparable outcomes between laparoscopic and open simple prostatectomy, there have been few publications describing improved laparoscopic operative technique to further improve these outcomes. The authors describe a novel technique of prostatic urethra preservation during laparoscopic simple prostatectomy.

Materials and methods

From January 2006 to September 2009, laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation was performed in 51 patients with symptomatic BPH. This technique included extraperitoneal insufflation of the retropubic space by balloon dilation, placement of five trocars in an inverted U shape, transverse prostatic capsular incision, development of a subcapsular plane, and removal of prostatic adenoma with preservation of the prostatic urethra followed by suturing of the prostatic capsule. Demographic, perioperative and outcome data were recorded.

Results

The mean operative time was 126±51.98 min and the estimated blood loss was 232.55±199.54 mL. Significant improvements were noted in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) questionnaires and maximum flow rate (Q_max) of patients three months after surgery. No incontinence was reported in any patient. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the 5-Item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score pre- and post- operatively in patients who had erectile function before surgery and no patient complained of retrograde ejaculation during the postoperative follow-up period.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy with prostatic urethra preservation for benign prostatic hyperplasia is feasible and reproducible. With this technique, postoperative morbidity can be reduced and antegrade ejaculation preserved.KEY WORDS : Benign prostatic hyperplasia, laparoscopy, prostate, prostatectomy     

Timing of internal fixation and effect on Schatzker Ⅳ-Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures

Objective: To study the effect of internal fixation performed at different times on therapeutic outcomes of Schatzker Ⅳ-Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 42 cases ofSchatzker Ⅳ- Ⅵ...     

经腹腔途径单孔腹腔镜下肾切除术的临床研究

目的 探讨经腹腔途径单孔腹腔镜手术(laparoendoscopic single-site surgery,LESS)行肾切除术的可行性及安全性. 方法 2010年11月至2012年6月应用4通道单孔腹腔镜行肾切除术患者6例.年龄34～ 77岁,平均57岁.体质指数(body mass index,BMI)20.1 ～30.3 kg/m2,平均24.2kg/m2.术前诊断肾肿瘤4例,左肾盂肿瘤1例,无功能肾1例.其中肾肿瘤1例为右侧中央型4.2 cm肾肿瘤,另3例分别为左肾下极7.4 cm肿瘤、左肾中部4.5 cm肿瘤和左肾中部4.3 cm肿瘤.全麻下健侧60°卧位,经患侧脐缘切口将单孔腹腔镜通道Quadport置人腹腔,采用5 mm头部可弯腹腔镜、标准腹腔镜直器械及预弯器械实施手术.记录手术时间、估计术中出血量、术中并发症、术后第1天疼痛指数(visual analog pain scale,VAPS)、留置引流管时间、术后住院时间和术后病理等临床资料. 结果 本组6例手术均顺利完成,无中转为标准腹腔镜或开放手术者,无另加操作通道者.手术时间145.0 ～ 235.0 min,平均181.7 min;估计术中出血量20.0～150.0 ml,平均78.3 ml;VAPS1.0 ～2.0分,平均1.7分;术后留置引流管时间1.0～4.0 d,平均2.8d;术后住院时间1.0 ～10.0d,平均6.8d.术中无严重并发症,术后无继发性出血和切口感染.病理诊断为肾透明细胞癌3例,肾嫌色细胞癌1例,肾盂尿路上皮癌1例,萎缩肾1例.肿瘤患者均未发现淋巴结转移. 结论 经腹腔途径单孔腹腔镜下肾切除术临床可行性和安全性良好.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除加尿流改道术的临床分析

目的 探讨采用da Vinci S机器人系统完成机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除(robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy,RARC)加尿流改道术的临床可行性,并总结技术特点和临床效果. 方法 2007年12月至2012年3月膀胱尿路上皮癌患者22例,男20例,女2例.年龄37～ 72岁,平均62岁.体质指数22.5 ～ 30.1 kg/m2,平均26.1 kg/m2.麻醉评分1～2分.术前肿瘤活检病理诊断为浸润性或高危的非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮痛,术前检查均未发现有其他邻近脏器浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移或远处转移,临床分期均低于T2N0M0.全麻下行RARC加尿流改道术,其中行体外尿流改道术15例(原位新膀胱2例,回肠膀胱术13例),行完全腹腔镜下尿流改道术7例(回肠膀胱术2例,原位新膀胱5例). 结果 本组22例手术均获得成功.手术时间300 ～ 667 min,平均480 min;出血量100 ～ 1200 ml,平均550 ml;淋巴结清扫数目6～ 25枚,平均15枚.术后2～3d下地活动,3～4d肠功能恢复,术后住院时间8～35 d,平均16d.行原位新膀胱的患者术后1个月行膀胱造影确定无吻合口漏后拔除尿管和双侧输尿管支架管.术后随访4 ～ 49个月,平均32个月,复发2例,死亡1例,出现肾积水2例,其余病例肾功能均正常,尿控较满意. 结论 根据初期的手术操作过程和随访结果,RARC加尿流改道术在临床上是可行的.更多的操作经验、长期和随机的对照研究将有助于对这一技术进行评估和推广.     

AFP血清浓度及肝癌组织中Cx43的表达与肝癌根治切除后早期复发和预后的关系

目的 研究Cx43、CD105、VEGF在不同血清AFP(α-fetoprotein)浓度的乙型肝炎病毒性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达的关系以及Cx43的表达和RO切除术后复发和预后的关系.方法 应用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学PV-6000两步法检测234例HBV相关HCC组织标本Cx43和CD105、VEGF的表达,应用RT-PCR检测20例HBV相关HCC标本Cx43mRNA的表达,并分析在不同血清AFP浓度下与Cx43的表达与CD105、VEGF的表达的关联以及与HCC患者根治切除术后的复发和预后的关系. 结果 免疫组织化学法和RT-PCR均检测到Cx43在HCC组织中表达,AFP＜ 400 μg/L的HBV相关HCC组织中Kaplan-Meier分析显示Cx43阳性表达者其1年复发、无瘤生存和总体生存均显著低于阴性表达组(Log Rank P =0.001,0.026,0.000),Cox回归分析表明Cx43阳性表达是HCC早期复发和预后(Log Rank P=0.049、0.035)的独立影响因子,Cx43阳性表达者CD105、VEGF低表达(P=0.018、0.023),并与组织分化程度(P =0.002),病灶数(P =0.033)血管癌栓(P =0.029)有关.结论 Cx43的表达与CD105、VEGF的表达相关,在AFP＜400 μg/L的HBV相关HCC的患者中Cx43阴性表达预示早期复发和不良预后.     

10例上干型胸廓出口综合征诊治回顾性分析

目的 通过对10例上干型胸廓出口综合征(thoracic outlet syndrome,TOS)患者的诊治进行回顾性分析,探讨前中斜角肌起点切断治疗的疗效.方法 对10例明确诊断为上干型胸廓出口综合征患者在全身麻醉下行前中斜角肌起点切断,记录手术前后症状、体征和肌电图以及必要的辅助检查进行疗效分析,并与颈5、6椎间盘突出征病例进行鉴别诊断.结果 术后10例随访5～7年,平均6.2年.按顾玉东提出的臂丛神经上干功能评定标准评价:优5例,良3例,可2例.结论 明确上干型胸廓出口综合征的诊断标准,前中斜角肌起点切断效果满意.与颈5、6椎间盘突出征鉴别诊断明确.