In vitro and in vivo demonstration of physically and chemically in situ gelling NIPAAm-based copolymer system

Poly(NIPAAm-co-hydroxyethylmethacarylate (HEMA)) acrylate and poly(NIPAAm-co-cysteine ethyl ester (CysOEt)) were synthesized and characterized by GPC(gel permeation chromatography), rheology, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and Ellman’s method. Upon mixing of these materials in aqueous solution, they formed gels immediately at body temperature owing to temperature-driven physical gelling, and gradually cured by chemical cross-linking through Michael-type addition reactions between thiols and acrylates. The rate of nucleophilic attack in the Michael-type addition reaction was shown to be highly dependent on the mole ratio of thiol to acrylate at neutral pH. Physical and chemical gelation improved the mechanical properties of the materials compared to purely physical gels. In vitro and in vivo results revealed that chemical and physical gels formed stiffer less viscoelastic materials compared to purely physical gels. Physical and chemical gel systems using thermosensitive polymer with acrylates and thermosensitive polymer with thiols showed minimum toxicity.     

Overexpression of the gene for transmembrane 4 superfamily member 4 accelerates liver damage in rats treated with CCl4

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 4 (TM4SF4) is up-regulated in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy in rats, but the in vivo functions of this protein are still largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of TM4SF4 during liver injury. METHODS: Expression of TM4SF4 was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting in normal and CCl4-injured rats. Overexpression or reduced expression of TM4SF4 in the liver was achieved by injection of sense or antisense TM4SF4 expression plasmids. Assessment of liver injury (histology, serum ALT and AST levels), apoptosis by TUNEL assay were performed. Expression of injury-related genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Overexpression of TM4SF4 in rats after CCl4 treatment showed extensive liver damage and increased levels of serum ALT and AST. Decreased TM4SF4 gene expression showed minimal liver necrosis and depressed ALT and AST levels. Increased expression of TM4SF4 affected the expression levels of growth factors and receptors, such as TNF-alpha, TNFR1 and c-met. Furthermore, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression was altered after TM4SF4 administration. CONCLUSIONS: Rat TM4SF4 is overexpressed in acutely injured liver induced by CCl4 and plays a crucial role in accelerating liver injury, which may be mediated by the TNF-alpha and HGF/c-met signaling pathways.     

Clinical observation of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction treated by traditional Chinese drug of benefiting qi for activating blood circulation

目的 观察益气活血法治疗左心室左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法 将40例左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,各20例.对照组采用常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药的基础上加用益气活血中药(生黄芪、丹参、川芎、檀香、桂枝、炙甘草),疗程2周.采用超声心动图检测治疗前后左室舒张功能指标舒张早期二尖瓣血流峰值( Emas),舒张晚期二尖瓣血流峰值(Amas),两者之比值(E/A),左房前后径(LAD),检测血浆脑钠肽(BNP),并观察临床疗效及中医证候疗效.结果 治疗组Emas、E/A、Amas及BNP与治疗前及对照组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中医证候疗效显效率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).临床疗效治疗组总有效率95％,对照组总有效率70％,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 益气活血中药能够改善左心室射血分数正常心力衰竭患者左室血流动力学状态,提高左室舒张能力,对心力衰竭具有改善作用.     

沭阳县2007年健康人群流脑免疫水平及带菌调查

流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病。发病急、变化快、危害大。近年来，沭阳周围地区C群流脑的发生和流行，为流脑防控工作提出了新的课题。为了解本地区健康人群免疫水平和带菌状况，为今后的防控工作提供科学依据，于2007年选取了本地部分乡镇，开展了健康人群流脑抗体水平和带菌调查，结果报告如下。     

Synthesis of simple,low cost and benign sol–gel Cu2InxZn1−xSnS4 alloy thin films: influence of different rapid thermal annealing conditions and their photovoltaic solar cells

Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ (x = 0.4) alloy thin films were synthesized on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate by a simple low-cost sol–gel method followed by a rapid annealing technique. The influence of sulfurization temperature and sulfurization time on the structure, morphology, optical and electrical properties of Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ thin films was investigated in detail. The XRD and Raman results indicated that the crystalline quality of the Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ alloy thin films was improved, accompanied by metal deficiency, particularly tin loss with increasing the sulfurization temperature and sulfurization time. From absorption spectra it is found that the band gaps of all Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ films are smaller than that (1.5 eV) of the pure CZTS film due to In doping, and the band gap of the Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ films can be tuned in the range of 1.38 to 1.19 eV by adjusting the sulfurization temperature and sulfurization time. Hall measurement results showed that all Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ alloy thin films showed p-type conductivity characteristics, the hole concentration decreased and the mobility increased with the increase of sulfurization temperature and sulfurization time, which is attributed to the improvement of the crystalline quality and the reduction of grain boundaries. Finally, the Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ film possessing the best p-type conductivity with a hole concentration of 9.06 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and a mobility of 3.35 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ was obtained at optimized sulfurization condition of 580 °C for 60 min. The solar cell using Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ as the absorber obtained at the optimized sulfurization conditions of 580 °C for 60 min demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 2.89%. We observed an increment in open circuit voltage by 90 mV. This work shows the promising role of In in overcoming the low V_oc issue in Cu-kesterite thin film solar cells.

Cu₂In_xZn_1−xSnS₄ (x = 0.4) alloy thin films were synthesized on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate by a simple low-cost sol–gel method followed by a rapid annealing technique.     

骨髓间充质干细胞在淫羊藿苷/羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架上的成骨

文题释义：纳米结构：是尺寸介于分子和微米尺度间的物体结构。当纳米羟基磷灰石与高分子材料物理混合后,羟基磷灰石会发生自聚,从而在材料表面产生纳米结构。这种纳米结构有利于细胞(如骨髓充间质干细胞)的黏附,是骨修复材料表面细胞增殖和后期成骨分化的基础。成骨分化：当干细胞接受诱导时可以向成骨细胞转变。淫羊藿苷高分子复合支架与间充质干细胞共培养一段时间后,其骨分化标志物碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素的活性增高,同时成骨相关基因和蛋白(Runx-2、COLⅠ)表达水平上升,即细胞在淫羊藿苷诱导下发生了成骨分化。  摘要背景：近年来,骨组织工程技术为临床治疗骨缺损提供了全新的思路和模式。该研究首次将传统中药与组织工程支架的纳米结构结合,以期探索并构建一种可用于骨缺损治疗的新型骨组织替代材料。目的：研究淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)/羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA)复合支架的成骨活性。方法：将HA与PLGA通过物理共混的方式制成HA/PLGA复合支架,然后将其浸泡于不同浓度的ICA溶液中,从而得到ICA/HA/PLGA支架。利用兔骨髓间充质干细胞分别对复合支架的细胞黏附、增殖、成骨作用和细胞毒性进行评价。细胞黏附、细胞增殖和细胞毒性采用MTT法进行检测,碱性磷酸酶活性和骨钙素活性采用ELISA法进行检测,成骨相关基因和蛋白表达水平分别用荧光定量PCR和Western blot法进行检测。结果与结论：①PLGA中加入适量HA可以提高支架的力学强度,且在HA含量为10%时效果最佳,拉伸强度为(1.67±0.37) MPa;压缩模量为(4.17±1.62) MPa,且会在支架表面形成纳米结构;该微结构可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞在支架表面的黏附;②ICA不会影响骨髓间充质干细胞在复合支架上的增殖,且1.00 µmol/L ICA水溶液浸泡后的ICA/HA/PLGA复合支架具有最优的成骨分化功能,其碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素活性、成骨相关基因和蛋白(Runx-2和COLⅠ)的表达水平均最高;③ICA/HA/PLGA复合支架无细胞毒性;④结果表明,HA(10%)/ICA(1.00 µmol/L)/PLGA支架具有良好的机械性能、成骨作用和生物相容性,是一种具有良好应用潜力的骨组织工程支架。ORCID: 0000-0002-9770-9109(王德欣) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

空腹血清结合胆酸测定对肝病的诊断意义

用RIA法检测102例肝病患者及30名正常人的血清结合胆酸(CCA)。结果各组肝病患者CCA均值皆明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。急性黄疸型肝炎、肝硬化、慢性活动型肝炎和重症肝炎CCA试验的阳性率(91.7～100％)高于急性无黄疸型肝炎和慢性迁延型肝炎(分别为69.2％及57.1％)。慢性活动型肝炎、急性黄疸型肝炎和肝硬化患者有70～75％的患者CCA值大于正常值5倍以上,而慢性迁延型肝炎和急性无黄疸型肝炎仅有14.28％及15.38％的患者大于此值。作者认为,该项试验对于肝病的诊断和鉴别诊断都有一定的意义。     

某门诊部2007年上半年门诊处方分析

为规范处方书写、促进合理用药,对某单位2007年上半年处方进行了抽查,并对不合格处方进行了分析,现报告如下。1基本情况随机从门诊药房抽取处方1 000张,均按卫生部新医疗处方书写规范标准进行判别,发现73张不合格处方,占7.3%。书写不规范(49张)和不合理用药(24张)两方面分别占不合格处方总数的67.1%、32.9%。其中,漏项或书写错误23张(31.5%),任意缩写或写错药名16张(21.9%),外用内服药混开10张(13.7%),药品剂型或规格错误4张(5.5%),用药剂量不合理5张(6.8%),用药时间不当5张(6.8%),重复用药7张(9.6%),药物联用不当3张(4.2%)。2简要分析2.1处…     

In vivo evaluation of injectable thermosensitive polymer with time-dependent LCST

The focus of this study was to examine the biocompatibility, time-dependent LCST, and bioerodable properties of a copolymer system composed of NIPAAm, dimethyl-gamma-butyrolactone (DMBL), and acrylic acid (AAc). Sprague Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 25 wt % solutions of poly(NIPAAm-co-DMBL-co-AAc). At predetermined times, animals were sacrificed and polymer implants were recovered for characterization via 1H-NMR. In addition, polymer-contacting tissue sections were harvested and processed for histology. The biocompatibility of the implants was assessed by counting the number of fibroblasts and leukocytes present at the tissue-implant interface. The LCST data obtained from the in vivo implants was shown to agree with that of in vitro findings. Implant mass was shown to decrease after 4 days, indicating accelerated diffusion rates with increased implant swelling, hydrolytic degradation was confirmed with 1H-NMR measurements. The cellular presence at the copolymer implant-tissue interface was shown to return to that of normal tissue 30 days postimplantation, which suggests a normal wound healing response.