裸鼠原位种植大肠癌肝转移三种建模方法的比较

Objective To establish and compare three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Methods Human SW1116 cell line was inoculated into 5 BALB/ C nude mice. Eighty-four nude mice were divided equally into pouch, fibrin glue, 1×106 cell and 1 × 105 cell microinjection groups. After animals were killed, the metastasis of cancer in situ, the liver, the lung, the spleen, the pancreas, and the mesentery was observed under the microscopy after HE staining. Results The metastasis rate in groups of pouch, fibrin glue, 1×1106 cell and 1×105 cell microinjection was 100% , 100% , 50. 0% and 14. 3% respectively. The liver metastasis tumor in fibrin glue group was bigger than other groups. HE staining indicated that the liver metastasis tumor was derived from colon tumor. Conclusion Among the three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver, the fibrin glue method has a high success rate of operation, a high metastasis rate of the liver, and is simple to manipulate.     

酸性微环境下大蒜素增强大鼠自然杀伤细胞的功能活性

Objective To investigate the role of allicin on rat nature killer (NK) cell activity in vitro under acidic microenvironment, and its possible mechanism. Methods CD3- NKR-P1+ NK cells isolated from the rat spleen were cultured in the complete RPMI 1640 medium ( pH 5. 6, pH 6. 5, or pH 7. 2 respectively), and treated with allicin at final concentration of 30 mg/L. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine supernatant interferon (IFN)-γ levels. The percentage of NK cells proliferation and apopotosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. NK cell cytotoxicity toward YAC-1 tumor cells was detected by LDH release assay. Results Proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK cells were significantly suppressed by acidic microenvironment in vitro. Under the cultured condition of acidic pH below 7. 2, allicin seemed to promote NK cells proliferation, which reached to highest level of 33% at pH 5. 6 cultured for 16 h. Correspondingly, at pH of 5. 6, allicin induced a marked increase of IFN-γ concentration in the supernatant from (50. 07 ± 0. 38) (cultured for 4 h) to (64. 59 ± 0. 09) ng/L ( cultured for 16 h). The cytotoxicity of NK cells toward YAC-1 tumor cells was also found strongest under the condition of pH 5. 6 cultured for 16 h. Conclusion Allicin favored to enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells under the acidic cultured condition, which might be related to the increase of IFN-γ production.     

140例胃间质瘤的外科治疗分析

Objective To analyze the outcome of the patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after surgical treatment and identify the associated risk factors. Methods Clinical data and the tissue slices including immunohistochemistry staining of 140 patients with gastric GIST from January 1990 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. SPSS 16.0 for Windows software package was used for statistical analysis. Results The overall survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 96.8%,86.7% and 79.3%, respectively. The survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 98.1%, 90.0% and 85.4% in patients who underwent complete tumor resection. But the survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 38.1%, 0 and 0 in patients with incomplete tumor resection. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Gender, preoperative metastasis, tumor size, pathology type, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates in patients with complete tumor resection by univariate analysis. However, only tumor size, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates by Cox regression multivariable analysis (P＜0.05). Conclusion Surgery remains the main treatment for gastric GIST. Local complete resection is the principal treatment.     

腹膜前间隙网片修补治疗嵌顿性股疝24例临床分析

目的探讨无张力疝修补术治疗嵌顿性股疝的效果。方法回顾分析我院2004年l月至2009年11月24例嵌顿性股疝患者应用腹膜前间隙平铺网片修补耻骨肌孔进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果全组病例术后均痊愈,无局部异物感,无感染,随诊无复发。结论腹膜前间隙网片修补耻骨肌孔是对腹股沟区的全面修补,是治疗股疝的一种合理而理想的手术方式。     

胆管癌相关基因FXYD6的克隆及功能区定位

目的从人组织cDNA文库克隆胆管癌相关基因FXYD6并进行功能区定位分析。方法利用人胎肝、脑及脾cDNA文库,通过Goldkey软件进行引物设计,从组织cDNA文库获得FXYD6全长和转录编码区序列,对其进行克隆与纯化;对FXYD6基因重组克隆进行测序鉴定;并应用GenBank核酸数据库及Goldkey软件对其功能区进行定位分析。结果在胎肝和脑cDNA文库中,扩增出FXYD6特异条带,但在脾cDNA文库未见扩增产物。将PCR扩增产物与pGEM-T载体连接,进行转化后确认回收组、阳性对照组均可见单菌落生长。选取阳性克隆进行菌落收获和质粒提取,并行测序分析,该序列包含已测序FXYD6基因大片段和可能的编码区序列。通过序列分析,得到最可能编码区序列为＋1相位编码区序列,进一步分析得到该基因产物作为膜蛋白的可能功能区分布。结论 FXYD6基因克隆、纯化及功能区定位的成功为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

弹性模量及有限元分析在股骨颈骨折中的应用研究

目的探讨股骨颈骨折时一种骨折断端间剪力最小、加压力最大的理论最佳固定方法。方法首先建立人体股骨三维有限元模型并进行验证和分析；在股骨三维有限元模型的基础上加入弹性模量再建立股骨颈骨折模型及多种方法固定的有限元分析；最后对股骨颈骨折的多种固定方法进行生物力学实验研究。结果股骨的三维有限模型计算机理论应变和测定应变比较结果认为，二者趋势基本一致，模型的建立和实际情况十分接近，股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构；载荷的传导主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距由股骨颈区传至股骨干的中下1／3处；股骨颈骨折时固定角度趋势为越低越好，2钉固定时竖放较斜放和横放好；3钉固定时为倒三角形最好；生物力学实验与有限元分析基本相符。结论三维有限元方法用于研究不规则物体是一种有效、准确的数值方法；股骨颈骨折采用的固定方法从生物力学角度讲应该采用低角度的倒三角形的三钉固定法。     

中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘的临床研究

目的探讨中下段直肠癌系膜环周切缘与直肠癌预后的相关性,分析环周切缘与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用病理大切片技术,前瞻性研究56例中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘侵犯情况。结果中下段直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发率为13%（7/56）,远处复发率为25% （14/56）;中下段直肠癌直肠系膜环周切缘阳性率为21%（12/56）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌局部复发率为33%（4/12）,明显高于环周切缘阴性的7%（3/44）（χ^2=6.061,P=0.014）;前者远处复发率为50%（6/12）,后者为18%（8/44）（χ^2=5.091,P=0.024）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,环周切缘与生存时间密切相关（log-rank,P=0.011）;环周切缘阳性的中下段直肠癌患者3年生存率为41.7%,明显低于环周切缘阴性者的70.4%。T3直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为37%（10/27）,明显高于T1和T2的0/6和9%（2/23）（χ^2=7.758,P=0.021）。肿瘤直径≥5 cm直肠癌环周切缘阳性率为39%（7/18）,明显高于肿瘤直径〈5 cm的13%（5/38）（χ^2=4.803,P=0.028）。结论环周切缘侵犯与浸润深度和肿瘤直径密切相关,是影响中下段直肠癌预后的重要因素。     

脂肪来源间充质干细胞对大鼠肝移植的免疫调节作用

目的探讨大鼠脂肪来源间充质干细胞(MSC)对大鼠肝移植术后急性排斥反应的作用。方法分离、培养SD大鼠MSC,体外混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC)体系中,研究MSC对Wistar大鼠T细胞增殖的抑制作用。以SD与Wistar大鼠为供受体建立肝移植模型。随机分为MSC处理组与空白对照组,术后第7天检测肝功能、血清白细胞介素(IL)-2和白细胞介素(IL)-10水平、肝组织病理形态及肝细胞凋亡。结果体外MLC中,Wistar大鼠T细胞增殖明显受抑,抑制率为48.44%。实验组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、IL-2、IL-10分别为(134.2±45.0)、(162.5±30.5)U/L、(30.6±5.4)μmol/L、(187.35±18.26)、(193.95±37.62)μg/L;对照组上述指标分别为(355.6±54.3)、(296.4±71.2)U/L、(145.7±28.6)μmoL/L、(295.73±57.15)、(75.12±11.23)μg/L,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病检提示实验组排斥反应较对照组明显减轻;脱氧脲核苷酸缺口末端标记(TUNEL)检测提示实验组肝细胞凋亡程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论供体来源MSC能明显抑制MLC体系中受体源T细胞的增殖,并能显著减轻大鼠肝移植术后急性排斥反应。     

纯化结肠癌组织基因表达谱的变化

目的通过构建纯化正常结肠上皮组织和结肠癌组织基因表达谱筛选结肠癌相关基因。方法应用激光捕获显微切割-线性扩增-全基因组基因芯片流程对结肠癌组织及其相应正常结肠上皮组织进行实质细胞纯化并构建基因表达谱，筛选差异表达基因。结果纯化正常结肠上皮细胞和结肠癌细胞分别有14939和15276条基因表达。肿瘤组织差异表达基因中4倍以上者208条，其中上调基因72条，下调基因136条。上调基因前20条和下调基因前20条中，10条基因的表达变化在结肠癌中的意义已被证实，另有13条基因的表达变化在其他肿瘤研究中与以前报道一致。结论细胞纯化技术结合基因芯片构建基因表达谱可准确、高效的筛选结肠癌差异基因。     

应用生理性成骨力值概念治疗骨折与骨不连——兼论MO现象与有效固定

治疗骨折与术后合并的骨不连,至今仍是骨创伤领域的难题之一。研究分析当前的学术思想,探索更接近骨愈合规律的理念与技术,是必然的学术趋势。1当前骨创伤理论与技术1.1AO从20世纪50年代起,AO组织提出解剖复位与骨块间坚强固定与加压的概念。50年间,由于伴随生物材料学的发展和内固定形式的进步,业已成为治疗骨折与骨不连的主要理论与方法,并取得了瞩目的成就,但同时也发现了存在并需继续探讨的若干问题。(1)偏心类的固定模式,如加压钢板,其疗效超越一般非加压性钢板。但同时也发现:①内固定期间,骨质萎缩,骨痂纹理凌乱或难觅骨痂;②钢板…