Enteral nutrition supplemented with L-glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to pulmonary infection

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) supplemented with l-glutamine on glycolytic parameters, inflammation, immune function, and oxidative stress in moderately ill intensive care patients with sepsis.MethodsThirty patients received EN. Fifteen patients received EN supplemented with glutamine (30 g; GLN group) for 2 d followed by EN supplemented with calcium caseinate (30 g, CAS group), also over 2 d. The other 15 patients received EN with calcium caseinate (30 g; CAS group) for 2 d followed by EN with glutamine (30 g; GLN group), also over 2 days. One washout day with only EN was provided between every 2-d period of EN plus supplementation to all patients. Blood samples were taken before and after supplementation.ResultsThere were no changes in glycolytic parameters in either group. Leukocytes decreased in the two groups (from 13 650 to 11 500 in the CAS group, P = 0.019; from 12.850 to 11.000 in the GLN group, P = 0.046). Lymphocytes increased in the GLN group (from 954 to 1916, P < 0.0001) and were more numerous after glutamine supplementation (from 1916 to 1085, P < 0.0001, GLN versus CAS). No significant changes were observed in interleukin levels, but urea levels were higher in the GLN compared with the CAS group (50.0–47.0, P = 0.030). Glutathione plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups. No significant changes were observed in the plasma glutamine and glutamate concentrations.ConclusionsThe EN supplemented with glutamine increased the lymphocyte count and helped to decrease lipid peroxidation but presented no effect on the antioxidant glutathione capacity and on cytokine concentrations or glycolytic parameters.     

A New “Silver-Bullet” to treat caries in children – Nano Silver Fluoride: A randomised clinical trial

Background

Untreated dental caries in children remains a public health challenge in poor communities.

Objectives

This prospective controlled clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of a new anti-caries agent, Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), applied once a year to arrest caries in children.

Methods

One hundred thirty decayed primary teeth were randomly divided into two groups: NSF as the experimental agent and water as the control group. Teeth were clinically diagnosed and treated by one masked examiner and followed up at seven days and five and 12 months by another calibrated examiner who was blinded to the type of treatment. The criteria of the ICDAS II were followed to determine the activity of lesion and the diagnosis of caries. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the groups during different follow-up exams.

Results

At seven days, 81% of teeth in the NSF group exhibited arrested caries, whereas in controls, no teeth had arrested decay (p < 0.001) [PF, prevented fraction = 81%]. After five months, the NSF group had 72.7% with arrested decay, and the control group had 27.4% (p < 0.001) [PF = 62.5%]. At 12 months, 66.7% of the lesions treated with NSF were still arrested, while the control group had 34.7% remaining arrested (p = 0.003) [PF = 50%]. The number need to treat (NNT) at five months was two, and at 12 months, the number was three.Clinical Signi?cance: The NSF formulation is effective to arrest active dentine caries and not stain teeth.

Conclusions

NSF was demonstrated to be effective in arresting caries in children in poor communities.     

Injectable platelet rich fibrin: cell content,morphological, and protein characterization

Clinical Oral Investigations - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood cell content, morphological aspects, gene expression of type I collagen, and release of growth factors on an...     

Clinical,double blind,randomized controlled trial of experimental adhesive protocols in caries-affected dentin

Clinical Oral Investigations - To evaluate the clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations regarding experimental and regular adhesive protocols in caries affected-dentin (CAD)....