解剖结构逐级损伤对Hangman骨折稳定性影响的生物力学研究

目的测试C2、3椎间解剖结构逐级损伤对Hangman骨折稳定性的影响并探讨其临床意义。方法8具新鲜C1～4颈椎标本,按Hangman骨折病理诊断标准模拟C2、3椎间解剖结构逐级损伤,并在脊柱三维运动实验机上依次按照:①对照组(正常状态);②切断双侧椎弓峡部组;③切断双侧椎弓峡部及后纵韧带组;④切断双侧椎弓峡部及前、后纵韧带组顺序测试其三维运动范围(ROM),对结果进行统计学分析。结果随着解剖结构逐级破坏,ROM值逐渐增大。切断双侧椎弓峡部组与对照组相比除旋转有显著性差异外,余均无显著性差异;而切断双侧椎弓峡部及后纵韧带组、切断双侧椎弓峡部及前后纵韧带组与对照组相比均有显著性差异。切断双侧椎弓峡部及后纵韧带组与切断双侧椎弓峡部组相比除后伸无显著性差异外,余均有显著性差异;切断双侧椎弓峡部及前后纵韧带组与其他组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论对旋转运动影响最大的是峡部,前后纵韧带对屈伸运动影响明显,而侧弯运动则随着各椎间结构的破坏逐步下降;准确判断Hangman骨折的具体损伤部位对骨折稳定性的认识和手术方法的选择有着重要作用。     

四妙汤加味配合中药外敷治疗痛风性关节炎的临床研究

目的：探讨四妙汤加减配合中药外敷治疗痛风性关节炎的临床疗效。方法收集2010年1月至2013年8月本院就诊痛风性关节炎患者76例,按病例尾号随机分为两组各38例,两组患者治疗期间均进食低热量饮食,并加大日饮水量（＞2000 ml）,戒烟酒,禁食高嘌呤食物。对照组急性期口服秋水仙碱片、吲哚美辛肠溶片,缓解期口服双氯芬酸钠缓释片。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用四妙汤加味并配合外敷自拟消肿止痛散治疗。治疗7d后观察并记录患者治疗前后的中医症状积分、关节炎症状积分、症状缓解时间,红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血尿酸（UA）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）。结果两组治疗后CRP、ESR[治疗组分别为（22.06±10.31）mg/L、（25.18±17.80）mm/h,对照组分别为（14.11±7.32） mg/L、（24.16±22.09） mm/h]均较同组治疗前降低[治疗组分别为（82.16±21.37）mg/L、（72.13±32.36）mm/h,对照组分别为（52.46±22.26）mg/L、（62.72±33.31）mm/h, P＜0.01],治疗组ESR低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗后IL-1？、IL-18[治疗组为（55.26±16.31）pg/ml、（187.32±50.38）pg/ml,对照组为（57.25±18.21）pg/ml、（178.49±52.60）pg/ml]均较同组治疗前[治疗组分别为（106.11±41.02）pg/ml、（398.15±132.52）pg/ml,对照组分别为（109.23±40.12）pg/ml、（397.16±141.21）pg/ml]明显降低（P＜0.01）。治疗后治疗组完全缓解时间为（4.02±2.08）d,对照组为（4.95±2.68）d,两组完全缓解时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论四妙汤加减配合中药外敷可减少中医症状积分、关节炎症状积分,缩短症状缓解时间;降低ESR、CRP、UA水平,增强机体免疫力。     

中药材白英XRD指纹图谱及相似度分析

目的:建立白英药材XRD的鉴定分析新方法。方法:对白英药材不同药用部位进行X射线衍射分析,并按2θ进行相似度计算与分析。结果:获得了白英药材不同药用部位的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱。结论:粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱鉴定法可用于白英药材不同药用部位的鉴定和识别,相似度的计算结果进一步证明了方法的可行性。     

Herbal medicines for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Long-term excess alcohol exposure leads to alcoholic liver disease (ALD)—a global health problem without effective therapeutic approach. ALD is increasingly considered as a complex and multifaceted pathological process, involving oxidative stress, inflammation and excessive fatty acid synthesis. Over the past decade, herbal medicines have attracted much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of ALD, due to their multiple targets and less toxic side effects. Several herbs, such as Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae), etc., have been shown to be quite effective and are being widely used in China today for the treatment of ALD when used alone or in combination.

Aim of the review

To review current available knowledge on herbal medicines used to prevent or treat ALD and their underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods

We used the pre-set searching syntax and inclusion criteria to retrieve available published literature from PUBMED and Web of Science databases, all herbal medicines and their active compounds tested on ALD induced by both acute and chronic alcohol ingestion were included.

Results

A total of 40 experimental studies involving 34 herbal medicines and (or) active compounds were retrieved and reviewed. We found that all reported extracts and individual compounds from herbal medicines/natural plants could be beneficial to ALD, which might be attributed to regulate multiple critical targets involved in the pathways of oxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Screening chemical candidate from herbal medicine might be a promising approach to drug discovery for the prevention or treatment of ALD. However, further studies remain to be done on the systematic assessment of herbal medicines against ALD and the underlying mechanisms, as well as their quality control studies.     

支气管哮喘缓解期中医药治疗的适宜性技术筛选研究

目的：针对支气管哮喘缓解期,采用文献学方法,筛选评价中医药治疗的适宜性技术,以期指导临床医师使用。方法：检索中国知网数据库、维普期刊资源整合服务平台、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统的期刊文献,纳入所有中医药治疗支气管哮喘缓解期的临床研究。基于中医农村适宜技术筛选评价指标体系,提取评估指标并进行评价。结果：共筛选得到150个治疗技术,主要为中药复方和穴位贴敷组成。评分分布在24.857至34.304之间,筛选评分最高的为治疗哮喘缓解期肺肾两虚的补肺颗粒。结论：初步筛选补肺颗粒、玉屏风散、邵氏阳虚哮喘贴等20项中医药治疗哮喘缓解期的适宜技术,可在基层推广应用。     

灯盏花素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血管活性物质的影响

目的观察灯盏花素对大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注后血浆和脑组织ET、TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α含量的影响。方法选用Wistar大鼠制作Pulsinelli四血管阻断(4VO)脑缺血再灌注模型,以川芎嗪为对照,采用放射免疫法测定灯盏花素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血浆和脑组织ET、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α含量的影响。结果灯盏花素能显著降低脑缺血再灌注后血浆和脑组织ET、TXB2含量及TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值。结论灯盏花素通过改变血管活性物质的含量从而对急性脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最小化随机分组使用常规统计检验方法的Ⅰ型错误和检验效能

目的:采用觉规统计分析方法,分析最小化随机分组资料后的Ⅰ型错误和检验效能.方法:采用Monte Carlo模拟的方法,计算最小化随机分组的资料使用常规协方差分析的Ⅰ型错误和检验效能,并与简单随机化、中心分层区组随机化分析的结果进行比较.结果:简单随机化、中心分层区组随机化和最小化随机分组的资料采用协方差分析后,Ⅰ型错误均保持在0.05左右.3种分组方法的检验效能接近,无明显差异.结论:最小化随机分组的资料可采用常规的协方差分析方法,并能将Ⅰ型错误保持在0.05左右且不降低检验效能.     

灸法研究的战略思考

在中医针灸学现代化和国际化进程中,灸法的应用日益受到关注。灸法作用机理研究已成为针灸医学研究领域亟待解决的关键科学问题。该文在总结前期灸法研究成果的基础上,对灸法下一步深入研究进行了思考和展望,认为亟需开展多学科交叉研究,阐明灸法的内源性调节机制,揭示艾灸得气、灸温、灸材等因素的作用特点、规律和机制,明确艾灸热、光、烟与灸效的关系,并确证艾灸与针刺作用的异同,以推动灸法研究新一轮的发展和创新;并展望灸法在“治未病”及防治疾病中的作用与贡献。