Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

Comparative Study of the Genetic Diversity,Antimicrobial Resistance,and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Isolates from Clinical Patients and Healthy Individuals

Objective This study was performed to compare the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas strains isolated from patients and healthy individuals. Methods A total of 38 clinical strains and 19 strains from healthy individuals were isolated from the samples collected in Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province. Their taxonomy was investigated using concatenated gyrB-cpn60 sequences, and their resistance to 12 antibiotics was evaluated. The pathogenicity of these strains was examined through beta-hemolysis, protease activity, and virulence gene assays. Results The 57 Aeromonas strains were divided into 55 sequence types. Of these types, 21 were novel, suggesting that their genetic diversity was high. These Aeromonas isolates could be divided into 7 species, and the positive rates of beta-hemolysis and protease activity were 49.1％ and 73.7％, respectively. The detection rate of clinical patients in terms of beta-hemolysis and protease activity was higher than that of healthy individuals. Among the four most common Aeromonas strains, A. dhakensis had the highest detection rate of virulence genes. The multidrug resistance rate of the clinical isolates was much higher than that of the strains isolated from healthy individuals. Conclusions The taxonomy, virulence properties, and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas isolates from patients differ from those of the isolates from healthy individuals.     

胃窗超声造影与双重超声造影在胃癌分期及胃间叶源性肿瘤检出的临床价值

目的:探讨胃窗超声造影与双重超声造影用于胃癌分期判断及胃间叶源性肿瘤检出的临床价值.方法:选择42例胃癌患者及31例胃间叶源性肿瘤患者作为研究对象,均进行胃窗超声造影和双重超声造影,比较不同造影方法的诊断价值.结果:胃窗超声造影对T1期、T2期、T3期及T4期胃癌诊断准确率为55.5％、66.7％、66.7％、66.7％.超声双重造影对T1期、T2期、T3期及T4期胃癌诊断准确率分别为77.8％、94.4％、88.9％和83.3％.胃窗超声造影和双重超声造影对胃间叶源性肿瘤的检出率分别为93.5％和74.2％.胃窗超声造影对胃癌病理T分期诊断准确率低于双重超声造影(P<0.05),双重超声造影的敏感性、特异性均高于胃窗超声造影(P<0.05).结论:双重超声造影对胃癌病理分期的诊断准确率和对胃间质叶源性肿瘤的检出率均较高,可在临床推广应用.     

《社区全科医生使用便携式超声技术探查甲状腺及颈动脉服务规范》开发

背景　社区全科医生对学习超声技术有一定兴趣,但需要结合全科医生的社区工作场景和学科背景为其开发能帮助其快速、有效、高效学习的工具。目的　开发一套简易的、适合社区全科医生使用的、用于指导规范使用便携式超声初筛式探查体表两个器官（甲状腺和颈动脉）的超声探查服务规范。方法　于2019年10月,通过个人深度访谈,形成探查流程,指导后续服务规范范围的框定;根据前一步确定的社区全科医生执行超声探查的流程,查阅相关文献,进行内容梳理,形成社区全科医生使用便携式超声技术探查甲状腺及颈动脉服务规范初稿;交参与前一轮流程开发的全科医生审核,形成审核后版本;组织项目组成员召开小组会议专题研讨,针对服务规范进行分块审核并修订,形成终稿。结果　形成社区全科医生使用便携式超声技术探查甲状腺及颈动脉服务规范各一份,社区全科医生对于规范中规定的需要进行的数据采集和判断工作感到焦虑,社区超声医师对社区全科医生执行服务规范中的内容有信心,但认为该服务能否收费会直接影响全科医生参与和持续参与的积极性。结论　从修订意见反馈数量来看,第一轮文本基本达到制定目的,最终文本有应用价值。从服务规范修订过程中社区全科医生和社区超声医师的反馈来看,技术难度和工作绩效是未来落地执行的关键。执行过程中的时间消耗和漏筛带来的风险也是需要考虑的问题。总之,满足和推进社区全科医生对超声技术的兴趣,首先,选择适合全科医生开展超声探查的部位是关键,需要考虑社区执业场景、技术操作时间、难度和风险;其次,进一步推行时,需要考虑绩效补贴及如何与家庭医生制度工作相结合。     

Assessing the quality of clinical and administrative data extracted from hospitals: the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI) experience

ObjectiveLarge clinical databases are increasingly used for research and quality improvement. We describe an approach to data quality assessment from the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI), which collects and standardizes administrative and clinical data from hospitals.MethodsThe GEMINI database contained 245 559 patient admissions at 7 hospitals in Ontario, Canada from 2010 to 2017. We performed 7 computational data quality checks and iteratively re-extracted data from hospitals to correct problems. Thereafter, GEMINI data were compared to data that were manually abstracted from the hospital’s electronic medical record for 23 419 selected data points on a sample of 7488 patients.ResultsComputational checks flagged 103 potential data quality issues, which were either corrected or documented to inform future analysis. For example, we identified the inclusion of canceled radiology tests, a time shift of transfusion data, and mistakenly processing the chemical symbol for sodium (“Na”) as a missing value. Manual validation identified 1 important data quality issue that was not detected by computational checks: transfusion dates and times at 1 site were unreliable. Apart from that single issue, across all data tables, GEMINI data had high overall accuracy (ranging from 98%–100%), sensitivity (95%–100%), specificity (99%–100%), positive predictive value (93%–100%), and negative predictive value (99%–100%) compared to the gold standard.Discussion and ConclusionComputational data quality checks with iterative re-extraction facilitated reliable data collection from hospitals but missed 1 critical quality issue. Combining computational and manual approaches may be optimal for assessing the quality of large multisite clinical databases.     

纤维肌痛的误诊及影响因素分析

背景 纤维肌痛(fibromyalgia,FM)是慢性广泛性疼痛的最常见原因之一,具有疲乏、睡眠障碍和功能性症状的多症状学表现,国内医师缺乏对该病的认识.目的 分析FM误诊情况及影响正确诊断的因素. 方法 纳入2016年6月-2017年12月于解放军总医院第一医学中心风湿免疫科确诊为FM,并有既往其他医院就诊记录的患者,收集其临床表现及既往诊断资料,比较正确诊断组与误诊组患者临床表现的差异. 结果 研究纳入70例FM患者,平均年龄38岁,女性占88.6％,共计在二、三级医院诊治110次.正确诊断为FM有9次(8.2％);误诊为脊柱关节炎27次(24.5％),误诊为类风湿关节炎6次(5.5％),诊断为"痹症"11次(10.0％),诊断为焦虑和(或)抑郁7次(6.4％),误诊为其他疾病24次(21.8％),未明确诊断26次(23.6％).三甲医院诊断正确率为9.3％(9/97),其中风湿科正确诊断为FM仅占11.8％(6/51),三乙及二级医院正确诊断率为零.被误诊患者与正确诊断患者相比,体格检查出现的压痛点数量明显偏少(8.0 vs 14.5,P=0.039),其他指标包括性别、年龄、红细胞沉降率、HLA-B27、弥漫性疼痛指数、症状严重程度积分等差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05). 结论 国内各级医院中包括风湿科在内的各科医生对FM的认识严重不足,正确诊断率较低,误诊和漏诊现象严重.过度依赖体检中的压痛点数量和忽视其他临床表现是导致误诊的重要因素.