民国中医期刊的史学与文献价值(续完)——广州现存广东期刊调查

民国中医期刊保存了许多没有以单行本出版的论著和医案集。它们是中医文库和中医学术研究中被忽略的一部分。在民国广东中医期刊所刊载的3246篇文献中，共有240种、1005篇文献为长篇或短篇连载。这些文献是研究民国时期医学的宝贵资料。     

蜂胶化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展

蜂胶是我国传统中药,具有补虚弱、化浊脂、止消渴的功效,外用可解毒消肿、收敛生肌。蜂胶中含有丰富的化学成分,目前已从蜂胶中分离鉴定出黄酮、酚酸、萜、糖、氨基酸、脂肪族、微量元素、维生素等类化学成分400余个,其中黄酮、酚酸、萜等类是其主要活性成分。现代药理研究表明,蜂胶具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、治疗阿尔茨海默病、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂、保肝、神经保护、免疫调节、促进伤口愈合、抑制黑色素生成等广泛的药理活性。临床上,蜂胶常用于治疗牙周炎、口腔溃疡、高脂血症、幽门螺杆菌感染、皮肤烧烫伤、鸡眼等疾病。查阅近20年来国内外蜂胶相关的研究报道,对其化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展进行综述,以期为蜂胶的进一步研究开发与利用提供参考。     

唐古特白刺叶的化学成分研究

目的对唐古特白刺Nitraria tangutorum叶的化学成分进行研究。方法采用溶剂萃取,反复硅胶柱色谱和制备液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及核磁数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从唐古特白刺叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为4-氧代-β-紫罗兰醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、(6R,9R)-3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、blumenyl Cβ-D-glucopyranoside(3)、blumenyl Aβ-D-glucopyranoside(4)、丁香树脂酚-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、citrusin B(6)、nikoenoside(7)、2-苯乙基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)和吲哚-3-乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)。结论化合物1~9均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,其中,化合物9的13C-NMR数据为首次报道。     

黔曲质量标准

目的:建立黔曲质量标准。方法:用薄层鉴别方法鉴别木香、大黄、枳实,用HPLC测定橙皮苷含量,色谱柱为Dikma Diamonsil C18(4.0 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.02%磷酸水溶液(19∶81),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长283 nm。结果:定性鉴别分离度好、重复性好、专属性强;橙皮苷线性范围为10.568～528.4 mg.L-1(r=0.999 98),平均回收率为100.18%,RSD 2.73%,精密度RSD 0.37%(n=6),重复性RSD 0.88%(n=6)。结论:方法可靠、准确、专属性强,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

瓦楞子的炮制工艺优选

目的:优选瓦楞子的炮制工艺,为控制瓦楞子炮制品的质量奠定基础。方法:以性状、饮片得率、水溶性浸出物含量、水煎液Ca2+含量和水浸液p H的综合评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优选瓦楞子煅制工艺和煅醋淬工艺,并与其煅制后盐水淬工艺、水淬工艺进行比较。结果:瓦楞子最佳煅制工艺条件为温度750℃,煅制时间30 min;最佳煅醋淬工艺条件为温度850℃,煅制90 min后立即投入0.3倍量醋浓度为9%的米醋中进行醋淬,至醋吸净为度;不同炮制工艺多指标综合评分的排序为煅醋淬品煅制品煅盐水淬品煅水淬品;最优工艺条件下煅醋淬品的性状符合"灰白色,质地酥脆"的要求,其饮片得率67.40%,p H 12.47,水溶性浸出物质量分数9.70%,水煎液Ca2+质量分数7.01%。结论:优选的炮制工艺稳定可行,可指导今后工业化生产,提高瓦楞子炮制品的质量,确保临床用药的安全性和有效性。     

白细胞介素4基因多态性与大鱼际掌纹特应征的相关性研究

目的:探讨白细胞介素4(interleukin 4,IL-4)基因多态性与青岛地区汉族成人哮喘患者大鱼际掌纹特应征的相关性。方法:引入计算机识别系统,实现大鱼际掌纹特应征客观量化分级,采用SNaPshot方法检测研究对象IL-4基因启动子区rs2243250和rs2243283两个位点的基因多态性。结果:大鱼际掌纹特应征和哮喘之间呈显著性相关(P<0.001),但IL-4基因rs2243250和rs2243283基因型频率的3种遗传模型在掌纹阴性组与掌纹阳性组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),该基因单倍型频率在掌纹阴性组和掌纹阳性组间差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:大鱼际掌纹特应征和青岛地区汉族成人哮喘之间具有显著相关性,但IL-4基因rs2243250和rs2243283两个位点的基因多态性与哮喘患者的大鱼际掌纹特应征无相关关系。     

In vitro effects of active components of Polygonum Multiflorum Radix on enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR and PMRP) are used in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia or related diseases. In our previous research, 2, 3, 5, 4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) displayed the most important role in the total cholesterol (TC) lowering effect among all the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin and physcion displayed more favorable triglyceride (TG) reducing effects than TSG. However, there are few researches focus on the approach and mechanism of how do Polygonum multiflorum exhibit good lipid regulation activity. The targeted sites of active substances of Polygonum multiflorum are still not clearly elucidated. This research pays close attention to how major chemical components of Polygonum multiflorum affect the TC and TG contents in liver cells.

Materials and methods

In this research, a sensitive, accurate and rapid in vitro model, steatosis hepatic L02 cell, was used to explore target sites of active chemical substances of Polygonum multiflorum for 48 h. Steatosis hepatic L02 cell was exposed to emodin, physcion and TSG, respectively. The contents of four key enzymes in the pathway of synthesis and decomposition of TC and TG were investigated after exposure. Meanwhile, the contents of lipid transfer protein were also tested. The diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) controlled the biosynthesis of TG from free fatty acids while 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) limited the biosynthesis of TC. Hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) played the key role in the lipolysis procedure of TG and TC.

Results

The synthesis of TC and TG in steatosis L02 cells were apparently increased in the model group compared to the control group. Intracellular contents of HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1 increased 32.33% and 56.52%, while contents of CYP7A and HTGL decreased 21.61% and 47.37%. Emodin, physcion and TSG all showed down-regulation effects on HMG-CoA reductase, while up-regulation effects on CYP7A. The most remarkable effect on HMG-CoA reductase was found on emodin. Emodin could reduce the DGAT1 content from 438.44±4.51 pg/mL in model group to 192.55±9.85 pg/mL (100 μm). The content of HTGL in 300 μm physcion group was 3.15±0.15 U/mL, which was more significantly effective than the control, lovastatin and fenofibrate group.

Conclusions

TSG could raise the content of CYP7A and then promote the lipolysis of cholesterol. Moreover, TSG also showed the best LDL-reducing effect. Emodin could inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and DGAT1, which were key enzymes in the synthesis of TC and TG. Physcion increased the content of HTGL, and then could boost the lipolysis of triglyceride. At the same time, physcion showed the best VLDL-reducing effect. In view of the above conclusions, we contributed the lipid regulation activity to an overall synergy of TSG, emodin and physcion.     

南非传统草药Sutherlandia 抗糖尿病作用的研究

目的：观察南非传统草药Sutherlandia水提物对糖脂代谢的影响。方法：腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）并高脂饲料喂养诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。随机分为正常组、模型组、吡格列酮组、Sutherlandia组。观察体质量、口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）、血甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）指标的改变,Western Blot法检测各组大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素受体底物（IRS-1）表达情况。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量降低,OGTT、TG、TC、LDL-C指标明显升高（P<0.05）,多饮、多食、多尿症状明显,IRS-1 蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05）;治疗后,与模型组比较,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组的体质量未见明显增长,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组血糖、TG、TC均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,二者之间无统计学差异,Sutherlandia组及吡格列酮组骨骼肌中IRS-1蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05）,二者之间无统计学差异。结论：腹腔注射STZ并高糖高脂饲料喂养诱导2 型糖尿病大鼠模型存在糖脂代谢紊乱;南非传统草药Sutherlandia可明显降低其血糖水平,改善血脂代谢,提高胰岛素水平;Sutherlandia可提高IRS-1骨骼肌中的表达水平,进而改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖,其确切的作用途径有待进一步深入研究。     

红外热成像对蚕沙外熨辅助治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的疗效评价研究

目的 研究采用蚕沙外熨腹部的方法辅助治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的有效性,探讨治疗过程中红外热成像对临床疗效评价的作用.方法 将110例糖尿病胃轻瘫患者随机分为治疗组55例、对照组55例.其中治疗组脱落3例,完成病例观察52例,脱落率为5.45％;对照组脱落5例,完成病例观察50例,脱落率为9.09％.2组均予基础治疗,治疗组在基...     

杜仲水提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究杜仲水提物对CCl4所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法 采用0.08%CCl4造成小鼠急性肝损伤,检测ALT,AST,SOD的活性和MDA,GSH-Px的水平.将肝大叶HE染色,观察杜仲水提物对小鼠肝脏组织病理学的影响.结果 杜仲水提物能明显降低CCl4所致的肝损伤小鼠肝脾指数的升高(P<0.01)和血清中ALT、AST活性的升高(P<0.01);亦能降低肝组织中MDA 的水平,增加肝组织中SOD的活性和GSH-Px的水平(P<0.01).结论 杜仲水提物具有显著的抗肝损伤的作用.