Sustained-release theophylline-uniphyllin in nocturnal asthmatics

For a period of six months, we collected 12 cases of nocturnal asthmatics (7 males, 5 females); their ages ranged from 20 to 66 (the average age is 49). We found that administration of Uniphyllin (10 mg/kg) once a day at 6 PM could maintain the blood level of theophylline within therapeutic range at least 12 to 24 hrs. The peak expiratory flow rate of the 6 cases we collected, were significantly improved. The result of pharmokinetic parameters: 1) The average of a single dose (12 cases) is AUC (ug. hr/ml) 275.1 +/- 62. k; Kel (hr-1) 0.068 +/- 0.019; Ka (hr-1) 0.33 +/- 0.07); Tmax (hr) 6.3 +/- 1.4; T 1/2 (hr) 11.2 +/- 4.4; Clearance/F (ml/kg/hr) 37.9 +/- 9.0.2). The average of steady state (12 cases) is Css (mg/L) 5. 7 +/- 2.6; Cmax-Cmin (mg/L) 10.09 +/- 1.46.3). The average of relative bioavailability (3 cases) is 82%, 83%, 102%. However, the extent of absorption data is available for only 3 subjects. There are too few subjects to draw any meaningful conclusions about this relative bioavailability. Four cases show slight symptoms, including 1 case of dizziness, 2 cases of nausea, and 1 case gaseousness. It is suggested that the drug be administered at about 6-8 PM to coincide peak levels in the early morning in nocturnal asthmatics.     

Mitogenic effect of polyclonal anti-porcine lymphocyte E-receptor antiserum IgG

In the present paper we report the mitogenic effect of the sheep anti-porcine lymphocyte E-receptor antiserum IgG(APERIgG) on porcine peripheral T-lymphocytes in vitro. The effect was apparently dose-dependent and not seen in the B-lymphocyte cultures. Kinetic study showed that the maximal 3H-thymidine incorporation, similar to that induced by Con A, occurred on the third day of incubation. Neither F(ab')2 nor Fab fragment of APERIgG was able to induce cell proliferation, indicating that the integrity of IgG molecule was essential for cell response. It was very interesting to note that though there is cross antigenicity between porcine and human E-receptors, no similar effect could be produced by APERIgG in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures under the same experimental conditions, suggesting the existence of minor difference in structure between the porcine and human E-receptors.     

米非司酮治疗异位妊娠68例疗效观察

目的评价米非司酮用于保守治疗异位妊娠的疗效。方法所选病例均住院治疗，予口服米非司酮50mg，每天两次，连服6天，定期复查B超和测定血p—HCG水平以观察疗效。结果68例异位妊娠患者的治疗，治愈46例，治愈率67．7％。结论米非司酮保守治疗异位妊娠疗效确切，副作用小。     

Comparison of iodine-123 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and indium-111 LDL binding to mononuclear cells of healthy normolipaemic controls and patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia

The binding of radiolabelled lipoproteins, iodine-123-labelled low-density. lipoprotein (LDL) and indium-111-labelled LDL, to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) was compared in normolipaemic subjects and in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). ¹²³I-LDL and ¹¹¹In-LDL binding to MNCs exhibited high-affinity, highly specific, time- and temperature-dependent binding reaching saturation at concentrations above 50 nM. The number of LDL binding sites (B_max) was significantly (P<0.01) lower in FH patients (P<0.001; ¹²³I-LDL: B_max 279±44 ng protein/10⁸MNCs; ¹¹¹In-LDL: B_max 309±43 ng protein/10⁸MNCs) as compared with controls (¹²³I-LDL: B_max 2874±246 ng protein/10⁸ MNCs; ¹¹¹In-LDL: B_max 3145±339 ng protein/10⁸ MNCs). The corresponding dissociation constants (K _d) were 16±8 nM for ¹²³I-LDL and 12±6 nM for ¹²³In-LDL in healthy volunteers (¹²³In-LDL vs ¹¹¹In-LDL, P<0.05). In FH patients, the K _d values were 20±8 nM for ¹²³I-LDL and 16±6 nM for ¹²³In-LDL (P<0.05 vs controls for both ¹²³I-LDL and ¹¹¹In-LDL). ¹¹¹In-LDL binding to MNCs was inhibited (IC₅₀) by 30±8 nM in healthy controls and 38±12 nM in FH patients (P<0.05). ¹²³In-LDL binding to MNCs was inhibited (IC₅₀) by 34±8 nM in healthy controls and 46±10 nM in FH patients (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest a reduced number of LDL receptors expressed on MNCs from FH patients. We conclude that ¹¹¹In-LDL and ¹²³I-LDL are equally well suited as a probe of receptor-mediated binding and uptake of LDL.     

The role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in phonation: an electromyographic investigation in dogs

The activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during respiration has been well investigated electromyographically. Its activity during phonation, however, has not been studied systematically. We, therefore, focused our attention on the phonatory activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle to confirm whether it also contracts during phonation, as has been reported by some researchers. In our series of 12 adult dogs, the posterior cricoarytenoid was active in 11 dogs and inactive in one dog during phonation. Our present study also showed that the posterior cricoarytenoid activity was stronger for phonation than for inspiration in 6, stronger for inspiration than for phonation in 3, and the same for phonation and inspiration in 2 dogs. The results obtained from the present electromyographic evaluation demonstrated that the posterior cricoarytenoid is activated during phonation. The authors believe that the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle has phonatory function and that the phonatory effect of this muscle on the vocal cord may play an important role in precise glottis control.     

聚合酶链反应（PCR）对单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的临床诊断价值

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测技术对１１８例颅内感染性疾病患者及３７例无神神经系统疾病患者脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中的单纯疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ（ＨＳＶ－ＤＮＡ）进行了检测及分型。结果提示：“散发性脑炎”组的阳性率为３８．４６％（２０／５２），细菌、真菌性脑膜炎、其它病毒性脑炎组以及无神经系统疾病组均为阴性。作者认为：①本检测是目前单纯疹病毒性脑炎（ＨＳＥ）较为简便而准确的早期诊断方法之一；②ＨＳＶ分型检测，对病原诊断更具有全面性；③两型单纯疱疹病毒均可引起ＨＳＥ。     

Tumor cell-enhanced sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to photodynamic therapy

Effective antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be related to damage of vasculature within the tumor. The purpose of this study was to determine if tumor cells secrete factors that stimulate proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and result in enhanced sensitivity of HUVEC to aluminum-sulfonated phthalocyanine (AISPc)-PDT. Three human tumor cell lines—pharyngeal squamous carcinoma, colonic carcinoma, and mammary carcinoma—were used in this study. Co-culture of HUVEC and either squamous carcinoma or colonic carcinoma, but not mammary carcinoma, significantly increased HUVEC proliferation and AlSPc-PDT mediated cell damage. In addition, supernatant from squamous carcinoma and colonic carcinoma cultures also stimulated HUVEC proliferation and sensitivity to AISPc-PDT. Both supernatant and cell lysate from squamous carcinoma cells contained angiogenic factors consistent with basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors, as evidenced by Western blot analysis and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation assays. Collectively, these results suggest that selected tumor cell lines produce angiogenic factors that induce HUVEC proliferation and subsequently enhance sensitivity to AISPc-PDT. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Laparoscopic cholecystostomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) can occur in up to 18% of severely injured patients. Diagnosis is made by positive ultrasound findings of gallbladder sludge, hydrox, and wall thickening. There may also be recent-onset jaundice, positive ultrasound induced Murphy's sign, and unexplained sepsis. Mortality can be as high as 50%. Laparoscopic confirmation was obtained in six ICU trauma patients when omentum was drawn up over a distended gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was done by first directly decompressing the gallbladder through the fundus. This trocar was replaced by a 16 French Foley catheter passed through an Endoloop into the gallbladder and secured by tightening the loop around a cuff of gallbladder. Sepsis resolved in all cases. Only one required subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. LC has a low morbidity and may be life saving during the early stages of AAC. It is not indicated in gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder.     

先天愚型与甲状腺功能减低关系的研究进展

简要介绍国内外有关先天愚型患者甲状腺功能减低的发生率、发病机理及处理，并根据近年来儿童先天愚型患者甲低不断增多的趋势，提出应对先天愚型患儿进行定期的甲状腺功能检查，以便早期发现和治疗甲状腺功能减低。