纽邦WAVE E200呼吸机常见故障分析与检修二例

本文将对呼吸机以下两种常见故障进行简要分析:①呼吸机在抢救病人过程中出现自动切断电源②呼吸机气道口湿度报警。     

Insulin reduces the BOLD response but is without effect on the VEP during presentation of a visual task in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast has become an invaluable tool in the assessment of in vivo neuronal activation. Quantification of the BOLD response is determined by the hemodynamic and metabolic changes that occur in response to brain stimulation. However, these changes may vary by changes in insulin, a hormone known to be vasoactive in some tissues. To determine if insulin has an effect on fMRI, we measured the BOLD response to a visual stimulus in five normal volunteers in which insulin was first suppressed and then brought to a high physiological concentration. In addition, we also examined the effect of insulin on activation of the visual cortex as measured by the visual-evoked potential (VEP). We found that the BOLD response measured in the presence of insulin (serum insulin=236+/-29 pmol/L) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that measured in its absence (serum insulin=8+/-2 pmol/L). Insulin was without effect on P100 amplitude or latency acquired in the presence or absence of insulin in 28 subjects using the same stimulus as that used for the fMRI experiments. Our observations suggest that insulin may have effects on cerebral blood flow and/or metabolism that affect the BOLD signal that are independent of its effects on neuronal activation identified by event related potentials (ERP). These findings highlight the complexity that must be considered when interpreting differences in fMRI responses between groups of subjects that differ in insulin concentration and/or insulin sensitivity.     

浅谈健康教育中的护理风险管理

健康教育作为临床护理中的重要内容，对病人的疾病转归有重要作用。而任何医疗护理行为都是具有超过各种服务之上的高科技行为的组合活动，具有高风险性，健康教育同样存在一定的风险性。所以，我们应提高风险意识，加强风险管理，将风险降低至最低限度。     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

Microbiological analyses and inflammatory effects of settled dusts from rice and hay

Fourteen samples of settled dust from two factories processing rice and wheat straw near Shanghai, China, were examined by dilution plating for total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, and fungi. They were also examined for aflatoxin, endotoxin, and potential to stimulate production of human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and to consume complement. The concentrations of total microorganisms were consistently greater than 10(7) CFU/g and ranged from 10(7) to 10(9) CFU/g. In general, the level of microbial contamination was greater in the hay dust samples than in the rice dust samples, with bacteria being the most numerous microorganisms observed followed by molds, thermophilic actinomycetes, and yeasts. The predominant fungi were species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Trichosporon, and Cryptococcus. No significant levels of aflatoxin were observed and the isolates of A. flavus examined lack significant aflatoxigenic potential. The levels of microorganisms in these samples, the types of organisms found, and the inflammatory mediators such as endotoxin suggest that workers exposed to these dusts may be at risk for respiratory illness.     

Effects of Intraventricular Injection of Calmodulin Antagonist （Trifluoperazine） on Pregnancy in Rats

Injection of TFP (a specific antagonist of CaM) into the lateral ventricles of the rat brain on the fourth day of pregnancy causes marked antifertility effect in 83% of the rats (0% in the control group). Examination with the pontamone blue reaction for the implantation elucidated that the antifertitity effect was due to the blockage of implantation of the follicle. Injection of TFP into the lateral ventricles of the brain markedly reduced the concentration of CaM in hypothalamus, ovary and uterus. Serum progesterone was also reduced. However, injection glven on day 7 was ineffective to terminate the pregnancy. Injection given on certain time of pregnancy was able to reduce the cellular CaM content and to cause antifertitity. This finding demonstrated that CaM played an important rote during the course of pregnancy.     

锌离子对大鼠海马突触体Ca^2＋—Mg^2＋ATP酶活性及蛋白合成的影响

行为实验己经证明，锌过多或缺锌均可影响脑功能。锌作为体内重要的微量元素，影响多种酶的活性及蛋白质和核酸的台成。本实验通过体外分离大鼠脑海马突触体，观察不同浓度锌离子对Ca2 －Mg2 ATP酶的活性和3H－Leu掺入突触蛋白合成的影响．结果表明：1．锌离子浓度在25μmol／L时增加该酶的活性（＜0．01），并促进3H－Leur掺入蛋白质的合成（＜0．05）。2．锌离子在50,100，200μmol／L的较高浓度时对Co2 －M2 ATP酶的活性有显著的抑制作用（分别为：P＜0.05．P＜0．01，P＜0.01），仅200μmol／L对3H—Leu掺入突触蛋白合成有抑制作用。本研究提示：适量的锌对突触体功能的维持是必要的，但剂量过高则起相反作用。     

Epinephrine-induced pulmonary oedema in rats is inhibited by corticotropin-releasing factor.

In various animal models of injury to skin, mucous membranes, muscle and brain, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) attenuated vascular leakage in the injured tissues. Here, the effects of CRF on a rat model of pulmonary oedema were examined. Male albino rats (220-290 g) received saline or CRF s.c., 30 min before pentobarbital anaesthesia, 60 mg/kg i.p., and 1 h before 1-epinephrine bitartrate (Epi), 30 micrograms/kg i.v. Within 30 min after Epi all (n = 27) saline-pretreated rats were dead from pulmonary oedema, but animals receiving human/rat CRF at doses of 7 to 57 micrograms/kg s.c. (n = 25) were all alive. Body wt, wet and dry wt of lungs were used to calculate an oedema index. This index increased from 3.6 +/- 0.1 to 9.6 +/- 0.3 after Epi but was inhibited by 87% after CRF 28 micrograms/kg s.c. The ED50 of CRF for reducing pulmonary oedema was 3.2 (1.3-7.4) micrograms/kg s.c. Mean arterial pressure increased from 119 +/- 4 to 167 +/- 2 mmHg after Epi 10 micrograms/kg i.v., but was not different (118 +/- 3 to 169 +/- 4 mmHg) after CRF pretreatment, 6 micrograms/kg s.c., a dose which reduced lung oedema. Pharmacokinetic estimates suggest that plasma levels of CRF sufficient to attenuate lung oedema in rats approximate those seen in pregnant women at delivery, raising the possibility that endogenous CRF may protect the maternal organism during parturition.     

A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in China.

We conducted a case-control study to assess possible factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with 70 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 140 age- and sex-matched nondemented neighborhood controls in China. Factors significantly associated with AD cases were family history of dementia in first-degree relatives, family history of psychotic disorders in first-degree relatives, and left-handedness/ambidexterity. A history of arthritis showed a significantly negative association with AD. Neither a family history for Down's syndrome, history of head trauma, nor other conditions that might support immune or viral hypotheses in AD were significantly associated with AD cases. These data support the role of familial/genetic factors in AD.