CARMA1基因在活化B细胞样亚型弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的研究进展

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)为常见的侵袭性淋巴瘤,其中活化B细胞样(ABC)亚型DLBCL患者复发率高、生存率低,预后差.核因子(NF)-κB信号通路持续过度活化,是区分ABC亚型DLBCL与其他亚型DLBCL的显著特征之一,亦为导致ABC亚型DLBCL疾病发生的关键信号通路.近年,多项研究结果证实CARMA1通过调控NF-κB信号通路,进而在ABC亚型DLBCL疾病发生中发挥重要作用.笔者拟就CARMA1功能、基因点突变及翻译后修饰等方面对ABC亚型DLBCL疾病发生的影响进行综述.     

Functional recovery of denervated muscle by neurotization using nerve guidance channels

Tissue‐engineered muscle has been proposed as a means of repairing volumetric muscle defects to restore anatomical and functional recovery. We have previously demonstrated that denervated muscle, which is analogous to engineered muscle construct, can be reinnervated by direct transplantation of host nerve (neurotization) in a rat model. However, the use of this approach is not possible if the length of host nerve is inadequate and cannot be mobilized to the insertion site of the engineered muscle. In this study we investigated whether neurotization coupled with nerve guidance channels would increase the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in completely denervated muscle and encourage neurofunctional recovery. Seventy‐two Lewis rats were evaluated in three groups, a normal control group (n = 8), a denervated group (n = 32) and a neurotization coupled with nerve guidance group (n = 32). Neurofunctional behaviour and histological evaluations were performed at 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks postoperatively. Extensor postural thrust (EPT) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude were significantly improved in the nerve guidance group when compared with the denervated group, even though these values were different from those of the normal control group at 20 weeks postoperation. Regeneration of axons and NMJs was demonstrated histologically in the nerve guidance group. Neurotization coupled with nerve guidance channels leads to regeneration of axons and NMJs in completely denervated muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that nerve guidance can allow re‐innervation in denervated muscle containing long‐gap nerve injuries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short‐term evaluation of electromagnetic field pretreatment of adipose‐derived stem cells to improve bone healing

An electromagnetic field is an effective stimulation tool because it promotes bone defect healing, albeit in an unknown way. Although electromagnetic fields are used for treatment after surgery, many patients prefer cell‐based tissue regeneration procedures that do not require daily treatments. This study addressed the effects of an electromagnetic field on adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) to investigate the feasibility of pretreatment to accelerate bone regeneration. After identifying a uniform electromagnetic field inside a solenoid coil, we observed that a 45 Hz electromagnetic field induced osteogenic marker expression via bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt signalling pathways based on microarray analyses. This electromagnetic field increased osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphate activity and nodule formation in vitro within 2 weeks, indicating that this pretreatment may provide osteogenic potential to ASCs on three‐dimensional (3D) ceramic scaffolds. This pretreatment effect of an electromagnetic field resulted in significantly better bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect model over 4 weeks compared to that in the untreated group. This short‐term evaluation showed that the electromagnetic field pretreatment may be a future therapeutic option for bone defect treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.