喉外伤36例临床分析

目的 :探讨喉外伤的处理治疗方法。方法 :分析 36例喉外伤患者的临床资料。结果 :36例中保守治疗 10例 ,除 2例有轻度声嘶外发音均恢复正常。清创缝合 2 6例术后发音恢复正常 2 1例 ,声嘶 5例 ,呼吸正常2 2例 ,喉狭窄拔管困难 4例。其中 2例分别于术后 2个月及 10年拔除气管导管。 2 9例在 1个月内痊愈出院并拔除气管导管。结论 :对喉外伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理 ,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能 ,预防后遗症的发生 ,提高治愈率     

鼻腔扩容术的临床疗效观察

目的评价鼻腔扩容术治疗OSAHS患者主客观症状的改善情况。方法观察30例行鼻腔扩容术的成年OSAHS患者,所有患者于术前进行多道睡眠图（PSG）描记,鼻声反射和鼻阻力测试等鼻功能检查,填写白天嗜睡主观评分Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth sleepiness score,ESS）、鼻塞主观视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、鼾声评分量表,以上主客观检查于鼻腔手术后3个月重复记录。所有患者接受鼻腔扩容术（鼻中隔三线减张成形术、双侧下鼻甲外移、双侧中鼻甲内移和双侧中鼻道鼻窦对称性开放）。结果鼻腔扩容术后患者鼻腔总阻力显著降低[（0.89±0.23）kPa·s/L vs（0.29±0.12）kPa·s/L,P〈0.01],鼻塞VAS评分显著降低[8.2±1.1 vs 2.1±0.73,P〈0.01],白天嗜睡ESS评分显著降低（12.7±1.2 vs 8.6±2.9,P〈0.01）,打鼾程度减轻（62.2±25.6 vs 45.6±18.6,P〈0.01）。轻度OSAHS患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea and hypopnea index,AHI）较术前显著下降（P〈0.05）,觉醒指数较术前显著下降（P〈0.01）,最低动脉血氧饱和度（lowest SaO2,LSaO2）较术前显著升高（P〈0.01）。中度和重度OSAHS患者的AHI指数、觉醒指数、LSaO2均较术前无显著改变（P〉0.05）。LSaO2、睡眠结构各阶段的比例、快动眼睡眠阶段的长度在所有OSAHS患者均没有显著变化（P〉0.05）。30例OSAHS患者鼻腔扩容术的总体有效率为26.7%。结论鼻腔扩容手术可以改善OSAHS患者鼻塞及白天嗜睡、睡眠打鼾等相关睡眠主观症状,并在一定程度上改善OSAHS患者的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的严重程度,应适当选择其手术适应证。     

鼓室成形术中电钻及吸引噪声的安全性评估

目的 :探讨耳显微外科手术中电钻及吸引的噪声 ,对术耳和非术耳的耳蜗功能所产生的影响。方法 :采用ND10型声级计 ,对鼓室成形术中不同规格和不同种类的钻头及吸引所产生的噪声进行检测 ,并分别比较术耳术前和术后 1个月的纯音骨导阈值以及非术耳术前和术后 1个月的骨导阈值。结果 :术中电钻钻头与吸引所致噪声强度分别为 82～ 10 6dB(A)和 71～ 84dB(A) ,术前与术后 1个月左右双耳纯音骨导阈值变化差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼓室成形术中电钻及吸引器的使用是安全的 ,对双侧耳蜗功能无明显不良影响     

Frequency-specific hearing results after stapes surgery for Chinese population otosclerosis with different degrees of hearing loss

Abstract

Background: Frequency-specific hearing studies are important for predicting hearing results and the prognosis after stapes surgery, to prepare for the rehabilitation of frequency-specific hearing in patients with otosclerosis.

Objectives: To evaluate outcomes of stapes surgery of Chinese otosclerosis patients with different degrees of hearing loss.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 213 otosclerosis patients who underwent stapes surgery in our hospital. Pre- and post-operative audiometric evaluation using conventional audiometry.

Results: The post-op ABG was less than 20?dB in 94.52% of all cases after surgery. There was no statistical significance of the post-op ABG among different groups at all frequencies except extremely severe group (p?<?.05). There was a significant improvement of both AC and BC thresholds in post-op period and the most significant improvement was found in severe group. There were no serious post-op complications and no re-operations during the follow-up period.

Conclusion: Stapes surgery is a suitable treatment option for otosclerosis with mild to extremely severe HL. The mild to moderate hearing loss groups had the most significant improvement of AC thresholds in the low frequency region, and the severe to extremely severe groups appeared in the high frequency region.     

单肺通气所致肺生物性损伤的机制和防治策略

机械通气可导致和加重肺损伤.现认为生物学损伤是引起机械通气肺损伤的重要机制之一,其中细胞因子起着关键的作用.单肺通气是一种特殊的机械通气,也可引起肺损伤,甚至更为严重.研究机械通气致肺生物性损伤的发生机制,提出新的防治策略,对单肺通气具有重要的临床意义.     

补骨脂对体外黑素细胞黏附和迁移的作用

目的 :研究补骨脂对黑素细胞黏附和迁移的影响。方法 :用补骨脂处理黑素细胞 ,检测其黏附于牛血清纤维结合素和通过微孔滤膜的细胞数量并与生姜和未经药物处理的黑素细胞比较。结果 :补骨脂可显著促进黑素细胞黏附于牛血清纤维结合素和通过微孔滤膜并呈剂量依赖关系 ,但当补骨脂浓度超过 0.2mg·L^-1时这种作用未见增加。补骨脂浓度在 0.01mg·L^-1时 ,黑素细胞黏附并无显著增加 ,但对迁移的影响已可见统计学差异 (P <0.01)。生姜则不具有这样的作用。结论 :在体外 ,补骨脂能明显促进黑素细胞的黏附和迁移 ,这至少可以部分解释应用补骨脂治疗白癜风是有效的。     

拓扑替康、依托泊甙联合顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：比较拓扑替康、依托泊甙联合顺铂与EP方案治疗小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法：患随机分为两组，A组使用TEP方案：TPT0．75～1．25mg／m^2／d，静滴30分钟，d1～5，VP-16 100mg口服或静滴，d2～6，DDP 40mg／d，静滴d1～3；B组使用EP方案：VP-16 100mg静滴或口服d1～5，DDP 40mg／d静滴d1～3。结果：A组14例病例，CR21．43％，PR56．14％，有效率为78．57％；B组13例病例，CR23．08％，PR38．46％，有效率为61．54％。主要毒副反应为血液学毒性及消化道反应。结论：拓扑替康、依托泊甙联合顺铂治疗小细胞肺癌临床效果好，虽然毒副反应较大，但值得进一步研究。     

Angiographic uterine artery embolization followed by immediate curettage: an efficient treatment for controlling heavy bleeding and avoiding recurrent bleeding in cervical pregnancy

Two cases of cervical pregnancy with heavy bleeding successfully treated by uterine artery embolization (UAE) followed by immediate curettage are described in this report. Case 1 demonstrated intermittent bleeding after serious bleeding was successfully controlled by UAE. Serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level rose remarkably after a short time decline. Transvaginal sonography consistently revealed a heterogeneous mass in the cervix. Repeated UAE followed by immediate curettage was performed and complete resolution was achieved. Case 2 was also successfully managed by UAE followed by immediate curettage after failure of medical treatment. This report suggests that UAE followed by immediate curettage is a safe and efficient procedure for controlling heavy bleeding and avoiding recurrent bleeding when fertility capacity is desired in cases of cervical pregnancy with fetal cardiac activity and high beta-hCG concentration.     

Myocardial mechanics and energetics in experimental iron-deficiency anemia.

The effect of iron-deficiency anemia on myocardial mechanics and energetics was studied in 10 anesthetized bealge puppies. Nine littermates served as controls. Left ventricular/body weight ratio was increased 14.2% (P less than 0.05) and cardiac index 36.5% (P less than 0.02) in the anemic puppies. Heart rate, mean systolic pressure, myocardial lactate extraction coefficient, and lactic dehydrogenase isozymes were similar in both groups. Contractile state measured in vivo (pressure-velocity curves) and in isolated muscles (isotonic force-velocity curves) was virtually identical in the littermate groups. Despite markedly increased coronary blood flow in the anemia animals, oxygen consumption per unit weight of myocardium was the same in both groups. Contractile element efficiency averaged 18.3% in 10 adult mongrel dogs studied in a similar fashion and was 27.1% and 39.8% in the normal puppies and anemic puppies, respectively. The oxygen cost of internal or force-generating work was similar among the three groups of dogs. It is concluded that the volume load produced by iron-deficiency anemia was associated with a normal contractile state, normal unit myocardial oxygen consumption, no evidence of chronic anaerobiosis, and a high contractile element efficiency, perhaps as a consequence of increased diastolic fiber stretch.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与超敏-CRP关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块与超敏C-反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）含量的关系。方法分别测定30名通过颈动脉超声检查发现有粥样硬化斑块的急性脑梗死（A组）、脑供血不足患者（B组）和无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块老年健康体检者（C组）血清中Hs-CRP含量。结果A组Hs-CRP含量明显高于B组和C组（P〈0.05）;而B组和C组之间无显著性差异。结论Hs-CRP与动脉硬化引起的急性脑梗死有关,Hs-CRP与稳定性颈动脉硬化性斑块患者的脑供血不足的症状无关。