互联网与中医学教育

随着网络技术的飞速发展，互联网对中医学教育产生深远的影响。传统的中医学教育模式正面临着网络技术带来的冲击，文章提出了中医学教育应逐渐把以课堂教授为主的方式转向以网络互动式自学方式的观点。     

Influence of blood supply of the esophageal and gastric stumps on anastomotic healing after esophagogastrostomy in rabbits]

OBJECTIVE: To study how blood supply of the esophageal and gastric stumps influences the anastomotic healing after esophagogastrostomy in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-seven New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive esophagogastrostomy, followed by different procedures. Except for those in group I, all the rabbits were subjected to procedures of reducing the blood supply either of the esophageal or the gastric stump (group II and group III, respectively), followed by single-layer esophagogastric anastomoses using interrupted 5-0 polypropylene sutures. Ten days after operation, all the rats were killed and the anastomotic sites excised for measurement of the inner diameter, tensile strength, and hydroxyproline concentration. RESULTS: Healing of the esophagograstric anastomosis was obtained in all the rabbits but one with anastomotic leakage in group I and one with perforation of the gastric fundus in group III. The anastomotic inner diameters were similar in all the three groups, whereas the tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration at the anastomoses decreased in group III in comparison with the other two groups (P<0.05) that had similar measurements (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Extended length of the free esophageal stump does not significantly affect anastomotic healing as decrease of blood supply in the gastric stump.     

Comparison of mortality risk associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the clinical impact of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus causing infection complicated by bacteremia in adult patients, while controlling for the severity of patients' underlying illnesses. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from October 1, 1995, through December 31, 2003. PATIENTS AND SETTING: A total of 438 patients with S. aureus infection complicated by bacteremia from a single Veterans Affairs healthcare system. RESULTS: We found that 193 (44%) of the 438 patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection and 114 (26%) died of causes attributable to S. aureus infection within 90 days after the infection was identified. Patients with MRSA infection had a higher mortality risk, compared with patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections (relative risk, 1.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.4]; P<.01), except for patients with pneumonia (relative risk, 0.7 [95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.3]). Patients with MRSA infections were significantly older (P<.01), had more underlying diseases (P=.02), and were more likely to have severe sepsis in response to their infection (P<.01) compared with patients with MSSA bacteremia. Patients who died within 90 days after S. aureus infection was identified were significantly older (P<.01) and more likely to have severe sepsis (P<.01) and pneumonia (P=.01), compared with patients who survived. After adjusting for age as a confounder, comorbidities, and pneumonia as an effect modifier, S. aureus infection-related mortality remained significantly higher in patients with MRSA infection than in those with MSSA infection, among those without pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.0]); P<.01. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that patients with MRSA infections other than pneumonia have a higher mortality risk than patients with MSSA infections other than pneumonia, independent of the severity of patients' underlying illnesses.     

登革病毒感染后小鼠细胞免疫功能的动态变化

从登革Ⅱ型病毒感染成年ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠为模型，观察感染后不同时间机体细胞免疫反应的变化。结果表明：感染后７－１４ｄ免疫功能处于激活状态，表现为腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和脾淋巴细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的反应及ＩＬ－２产生水平都明显高于对照组，感染２１ｄ后免疫功能则转为抑制状态，上棕免疫反应明显低于对照组，脾中的Ｌ３Ｔ４＾＋细胞亚群的百分比逐渐下降；相反，ＬＹＴ２＾＋细胞亚群的百分比逐渐升高，这种抑制现象可维持到     

重庆某高校桶装饮用水及饮水机微生物污染检测情况分析

目的 了解桶装饮用水及饮水机微生物污染状况，探讨其原因并提出处理措施。方法检测了25桶桶装饮用水及43台饮水机用水的细菌总数和霉菌。结果 桶装饮用水及饮水机用水的细菌总数和霉菌都有一定的超标。结论 造成桶装饮用水及饮水机用水水质微生物超标的原因包括生产厂家因素、用户因素、卫生部门监管力度、市场规范等等方面。     

白细胞介素-13功能研究进展

白细胞介素－13主要由活化的Th2(CD4^ )细胞分泌，诱导单核巨噬细胞分化及延长寿命；促进MHC－Ⅱ，CD23表达；抑制炎性和趋化因子产生；诱导B细胞增殖，活化，刺激IgM,IgG的产生和重链的转换；使血管细胞粘附分子－1表达；抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）复制；间接诱导巨噬细胞和NK细胞参与抗肿瘤作用。在变态反应性疾病和哮喘中引起呼吸道高反应性，嗜酸粒细胞性炎症，粘液分泌过多，基膜纤维化等，其受体是与IL－4Rα形成功能复合体而发挥作用。IL－13信号转导途径除了JAK／STAT6以外，尚有IRS－1,Fes，磷酸激酶，BCL－6／SOCS等途径。     

环氧合酶-2及其选择性抑制剂塞来昔布对结肠癌肝转移瘤VEGF、FGF-2影响的实验研究

目的 :研究环氧化酶 2及其选择性抑制剂塞来昔布和血管生成因子VEGF、FGF 2间的关系 ,从而探讨环氧化酶 2对结肠癌肝转移瘤血管形成的影响。方法 :以细胞培养法建立稳定的结肠癌细胞株HT 2 9和HCT 116 ,利用脾切除法建立结肠癌肝转移动物模型 ,免疫组化检测结肠癌肝转移瘤VEGF、FGF 2蛋白表达。结果 :结肠癌肝脏转移率 ,HT 2 9组、HCT 116组、塞来昔布组分别为 83 33%、16 6 7%、33 33%。肝脏转移瘤VEGF、FGF 2的表达 ,HT 2 9组与HCT 116组、塞来昔布组比较均表达增强 ,有显著统计学意义 (P <0 0 1～ 0 0 5 ) ;塞来昔布组与HCT 116组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :环氧合酶 2与结肠癌肝转移瘤血管生成密切相关 ,其高表达促进了结肠癌肝转移瘤新生血管生成。其机制可能是上调促血管生成因子VEGF、FGF 2的表达     

Steroid glaucoma: corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension in cats.

This study was undertaken to develop a feline model of corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. In the first experiment, eight cats were selected whose intraocular pressure (17 +/- 0.4 mmHg) was consistently below the mean baseline intraocular pressure of our colony (24 +/- 0.5) during the preceding 2 months. Unilateral twice or thrice daily topical application of 10 microliters 1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate caused a gradual intraocular pressure increase that became significant (P less than 0.05) within 2-3 weeks. There was no significant change in body weight, but several eyes developed cataracts. Similar results were obtained with treatment of normotensive cat eyes with dexamethasone, or with 1.0% prednisolone acetate (PredForte) twice a day. Topical application of PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester (0.1 or 0.25 microgram PG equivalent) to such steroid-treated eyes yielded significant intraocular pressure reduction and pupillary miosis, similar in magnitude to those exhibited by normal eyes. When dexamethasone treatment was reduced to once daily, after prolonged twice daily treatment, intraocular pressure decreased only slightly within 10 days. When dexamethasone treatment was stopped, intraocular pressure declined to normal levels within 6-7 days. These findings show that adult cat eyes develop steroid-induced ocular hypertension that is maintained and reversible. As opposed to previous findings on rabbits, steroid-induced feline ocular hypertension appears to be a good model for this clinical condition and may be suitable for the testing of potential glaucoma drugs.     

盛夏时节成都市区空气飘尘浓度及分散度测试分析

利用光散射法对盛夏时节成都市区空气中的风尘浓度及分散度进行了测试，并就风尘的粒径分布及分散度的统计模式、气象参数时飘尘浓度的影响，以及飘尘浓度和分散度的日变化进行了分析。结果表明：成都市区空气中飘尘的大多数粒径分布的统计模式为Ｊｕｎｇｅ分布，峰值浓度出现在中午１２：００前后，相对湿度对空气中飘尘浓度影响显著，降雨对风尘有明显的清除作用。测试结果对评价城市环境卫生条件和分析人类活动对环境的干扰情况有参考价值。     

大鼠摄入铝,氟及其不同比例混合物后血和骨中铝氟含量分析

Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups:control, 300 ppm F, 130 ppm F, 300 ppm Al, 1200 ppm Al, 130 ppm Al + 130 ppm F. 300 ppm Al + 300 ppm F and 1200 ppm Al + 300 ppm F. The chemicals were mixed into the standard diet. The animals were fed on the diets for 12 weeks. Contents of F, Al, Ca and P in the blood (or serum) and humerus were determined at the end of 12 weeks. The results showed that the level of F in the blood and bone in the unadulterated F group was increased, especially F in the bone reached a level more than 10 times that of the control. In the 3 mixture groups, blood F and bone F were lowered, while blood F was restored to normal level, but bone F was not nevertheless, the results showed that Al was in antagonism to the absorption of F. In the unadulterated Al groups, blood and bone Al did not parallel with the amount of Al administered. The level of Al in the median Al group was higher than that of the high Al group. Taking the level of blood and bone Al as a measure, when different doses of Al were administered with F, in the low and median dosage of Al, F was in antagonism to Al absorption, but in case of high dosage of Al, F was in potentiation to Al absorption. In all the experimental groups serum P was elevated, but serum Ca was not disturbed. Bone Ca and P were decreased only in the 3 groups with unadulterated F as well as unadulterated and adulterated high dosage of Al. Mechanism of the nonlinearity of Al absorption vs Al dosage, as well as the dual effect of F on the absorption of Al was proposed.