药品管理行政责任与刑事责任创新及完善

目的： 研究规范适用新修订《中华人民共和国药品管理法》的行政责任与刑事责任。方法： 以《药品管理法》修订为视角,从药品管理行政责任与刑事责任的理论基础、实践运行的缺陷入手,借鉴其他国家和地区的立法模式。结果： 从实体上对药品管理行政责任与刑事责任各项制度进一步细化完善。结论： 行政责任、刑事责任构成药品管理法律责任的核心内容,新修订的《药品管理法》法律责任部分有了较大的变化,必须加强对药品管理法律责任的研究,细化完备各项制度,促进药品管理行政责任与刑事责任的有效实施。     

多黏菌素异质性耐药的研究进展及临床意义

由于抗菌药物的大量使用,细菌的耐药性不断产生。如今,多黏菌素已成为抗多重耐药菌,尤其是碳青霉烯类耐药革兰阴性菌感染的最后一道防线药物。然而近几年来关于多黏菌素耐药的报道不断增加,并且已有研究发现多黏菌素的异质性耐药现象。异质性耐药是细菌由敏感到耐药的中间过程,常规的临床检验无法有效检测出异质性耐药,这对临床治疗用药造成了巨大的威胁,造成患者的反复感染和用药失败。但对其机制的研究较少,目前发现的主要与染色体上脂多糖(LPS)相关基因的突变,耐药基因的不稳定扩增和外排泵系统有关。本文总结了细菌异质性耐药,尤其是多黏菌素异质性耐药的研究及其临床意义。     

河南省医用加速器多叶光栅小野输出因子验证测量方法研究

目的 调查放射治疗计划系统(TPS)计算的多叶光栅(MLC)小野输出因子,研究用0.015 cc电离室验证小野输出因子的测量方法。方法 在河南省选择8台可开展调强放射治疗的医用加速器,调查TPS计算的小野输出因子并与国际原子能机构(IAEA)推荐的出版值进行比。如果2 cm×2 cm照射野相对偏差超出IAEA要求的±3%,3 cm×3 cm、4 cm×4 cm、6 cm×6 cm照射野相对偏差超出IAEA要求的±2%,则用0.015 cc电离室和Unidos剂量仪进行测量验证。结果8台医用加速器的TPS计算小野输出因子与出版值比较,5台相对偏差符合IAEA要求,占调查总台数的62.5%,3台相对偏差超过IAEA要求,占调查总台数的37.5%。用针尖电离室测量验证,3台测量结果均符合IAEA要求。结论 河南省部分医用加速器TPS计算的MLC小野输出因子,需要现场实施小电离室测量修正,测量值作为制定放射治疗计划的依据。     

hs-CRP基因及rs1205基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的分析并评价超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)基因及rs1205基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性。方法将我院神经内科急诊室2012年1月~2013年8月收治的113例中老年脑梗死患者作为观察组,以同期113例健康体检者作为对照组;通过免疫透射比浊法测定血清hs-CRP含量;以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及限制性片段长度多态(RFLP)方法测定rs1205基因的多态性;采用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)量表评定神经功能。结果观察组与对照组的基因型频率与等位基因的分布趋势一致,差异不显著(P>0.05);重度患者的hs-CRP含量显著高于轻、中度两组(P<0.05);rs1205基因型与脑梗死病情程度未见相关性(P>0.05)。结论 hs-CRP含量与脑梗死患者病情密切相关,rs1205基因多态性与脑梗死发病之间未见相关性。     

MRI features of breast lymphoma: preliminary experience in seven cases

PURPOSE

We aimed to evaluate the imaging features of breast lymphoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS

This retrospective study consisted of seven patients with pathologically confirmed breast lymphoma. The breast lymphomas were primary in six patients and secondary in one patient. All patients underwent preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and one underwent additional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a b value of 600 s/mm². Morphologic characteristics, enhancement features, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were reviewed.

RESULTS

On MRI, three patients presented with a single mass, one with two masses, two with multiple masses, and one with a single mass and a contralateral focal enhancement. The MRI features of the eight biopsied masses in seven patients were analyzed. On MRI, the margins were irregular in six masses (75%) and spiculated in two (25%). Seven masses (87.5%) displayed homogeneous internal enhancement, while one (12.5%) showed rim enhancement. Seven masses (87.5%) showed a washout pattern and one (12.5%) showed a plateau pattern. The penetrating vessel sign was found in two masses (25%). One patient with two masses underwent DWI. Both masses showed hyperintense signal on DWI with ADC values of 0.867×10⁻³ mm²/s and 0.732×10⁻³ mm²/s, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Breast lymphoma commonly presents as a homogeneously enhancing mass with irregular margins and displays a washout curve pattern on dynamic MRI. A low ADC value may also indicate a possible diagnosis of breast lymphoma.Breast lymphoma, which constitutes only 0.04%–0.5% of all breast malignancies (1), can be divided into primary or secondary breast lymphoma (2). The majority of breast lymphomas are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (3). The spontaneous regression of a breast lymphoma is rare and the five-year overall survival rate is 53% (1, 4). Early-stage identification and the use of radiotherapy are favorable prognostic factors, while mastectomy is associated with a poorer survival (1, 5). Therefore, a preoperative diagnosis of breast lymphoma would mean an earlier diagnosis and likely avoid unnecessary aggressive procedures.Previous studies demonstrated mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of breast lymphoma (6–8). Most lesions were high-density masses without spiculated margins and calcifications on mammography and noncircumscribed hypoechoic masses on ultrasonography (6–8). However, none were pathognomonic.Data on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast lymphoma are limited to some single case reports (4, 7, 9–19) and small sample size case series (8, 20–23). The morphology and time-signal intensity curve (TIC) of breast lymphoma on MRI are variable. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a functional imaging technique that is useful for distinguishing lymphoma from other malignant tumors in other systems (24, 25). However, to the best of our knowledge, the value of DWI in differentiating breast lymphoma from other malignant breast lesions has not been discussed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the MRI and DWI features of breast lymphoma.     

老年糖尿病并消化性溃疡的临床特点

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者并消化性溃疡的临床特点。方法将237例老年消化性溃疡患者按是否患糖尿病分为观察组和对照组,比较两组的临床表现、溃疡部位、溃疡直径及HP感染情况。结果两组患者在临床症状、溃疡部位、溃疡直径及HP感染率等方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与老年单纯性溃疡患者比较,老年糖尿病并消化性溃疡患者其腹痛和反酸、暖气等症状不明显,胃溃疡和复合溃疡发生率较高,溃疡直径较大,HP感染率较高。     

腰椎附件结构性骨块植骨内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症疗效观察

目的探讨腰椎自体附件结构性植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效性及可行性。方法 102例腰椎滑脱症患者,术中后路椎管减压切除腰椎棘突、椎板及关节突等附件骨,并将其回植椎间隙,作椎弓根螺钉内固定。术后随访1~10年(平均6.5年),随访患者症状缓解程度、椎间植骨融合情况、JOA评分、VAS评分、并发症,并作患者满意度调查。结果 102例患者症状均有缓解。术后、术后1年及最终随访时临床恢复率分别为80.30%、85.80%和85.10%。在术后3、6、12月患者融合率分别为26.5%、81.2%、97.9%。患者满意率达97.9%。结论腰椎附件结构性植骨生物融合能力及支撑能力可以满足临床需要,腰椎附件结构性植骨内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症可以取得满意疗效。