透皮淋巴靶向长春新碱传递体

长春新碱(vincristine,VCR)临床主要用于治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病、何杰金及非何杰金淋巴瘤，疗效确切，但由于具有较大的神经系统毒性和局部刺激性，限制了其在临床上的应用。为增加VCR的淋巴靶向性，以增强疗效，降低其毒副作用，采用薄膜-超声分散法制备长春新碱传递体(VCR-T)，并考察其制剂学性质、药代动力学特征及靶向性。所制备的VCR-T平均粒径为63 nm，包封率为59%；改良Franz扩散池研究发现其体外透皮过程符合多项式方程，12 h累积透皮百分率为67.4%；HPLC法测定VCR在大鼠体内的药代动力学及组织分布，以VCR注射液为对照，VCR-T使VCR在血液中滞留时间延长了12倍，大鼠淋巴中靶向指数增加了2.75倍。传递体可良好地载带VCR透过皮肤进入体循环，具有较好的淋巴靶向性，可作为新型的淋巴靶向给药系统。     

基于化学指纹图谱-生物热活性图谱关联检测的注射用双黄连冻干粉针质量控制方法的初步研究

为了建立包括生物热活性检测在内的中药注射剂质量控制方法, 本文以注射用双黄连冻干粉针为模式药, 建立HPLC-ELSD特征图谱, 进行相似度评价; 采用微量量热法, 建立生物热活性图谱, 并提取相关生物热动力学参数 (达峰时间  T²_m ,  T_j和抑制率I%), 以相关系数法进行相似度评价。结果表明, HPLC-ELSD特征图谱不易区分不同贮藏条件下样品之间的微小差异, 特别是对生物污染样品基本无法辨识; 生物热活性图谱可以区别高温处理样品及污染变质样品, 并可以全面反映模型生物的热生物学信息, 提供了专属性较强的二维信息, 可作为化学特征图谱的有益补充。本文从质量均一性出发, 通过HPLC-ELSD特征图谱和生物热活性图谱关联检测对注射用双黄连冻干粉针进行质量控制, 为实现对中药注射剂质量变化的早期快速筛查, 预警其不良反应提供了技术参考。     

社区卫生服务中心远程重症监护网络的建立与临床运用

目的:探索社区卫生服务中心远程重症监护网络建立后的临床应用效果.方法:以闵行区江川社区卫生服务中心住院的重症监护慢性病患者为研究对象.2012年6月至2014年1月住院的患者为对照组,远程监护网络系统安装后的2014年1月至2015年6月患者为研究组,收集两组患者的死亡例数、转院至第五人民医院的患者病例数及在重症监护室的平均住院时间.结果:对照组患者死亡人数占患者总数的20.4％,转院人数占33.3％,重疰监护平均时间为(5.48±1.69)d;研究组死亡人数占患者总数的9.8％,转院人数占19.6％,重症监护平均时间为(4.95±1.48)d.与平台开通前相比,开通后的死亡和转院患者人数有所下降,患者重症监护平均时间缩短,网络建立前后比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:远程重症监护平台的应用降低了重症监护慢性病患者的死亡和转院人数,缩短了重症监护平均时间,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

以效益/费用比评估幽门螺杆菌根除方案

目的 对幽门螺杆菌根除方案进行综合评估,为临床医师提供选择参考。方法 对近5年来国内医学期刊报道的数十个幽门螺杆菌(HP)根除方案以HP根除率、疗程(以抗菌药物使用时间为准),不良反应发生率及其严重程度,服药方法等项作为效益(Utility,U)的主要评分指标,并计算抗HP治疗费用(Cost,C)。按U/C比值的大小判定优劣。结果 以方案19(庆大霉素16万U,tid;雷尼替丁0.3g,bid;阿莫西林0.75g,bid;胶态次枸橼酸铋1.0g,qid)和方案20(以四环素0.75g,qid,代替方案19中的阿莫西林,余同方案19)两个二日疗法的四联方案为最佳。结论 效益/费用为一较合理、实用的评估方法,据此筛选出疗程超短、高效、无严重不良反应而又价廉的二日疗法四联方案,但尚待更多病例验证。     

NO对石斛类原球茎生长及继代培养的影响

为提高组织培养的药用石斛生物碱含量,利用一氧化氮(NO)的供体硝普钠(SNP)处理霍山杂交石斛液体悬浮培养的类原球茎。结果表明,NO对类原球茎生长有一定的抑制作用,但有利于生物碱的积累。NO处理的类原球茎在生物碱积累高峰期45 d前,发生活性氧迸发,过氧化氢抗氧化酶(CAT)活性提高明显。类原球茎继代培养表明,不经NO诱导的S0、S00、S0003代类原球茎的蛋白质SDS电泳条带和POD同工酶条带基本一致,NO处理使蛋白质条带和POD同工酶条带出现差异性。NO处理后类原球茎生物碱含量的提高不能在继代培养中得到保持。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉联合中药三期辨证治疗高龄股骨粗隆骨折

目的:探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)联合中药三期辨证治疗高龄股骨粗隆骨折相关问题。方法:32例高龄股骨粗隆骨折病例,采用闭合复位顺行置钉技术。术后常规抗凝治疗,中药三期辨证,渐进康复锻炼。结果:本组32例患者,手术时间平均为40min,术中出血平均为80mL。32例患者均得到随访,平均随访时间12个月,无一例死亡,全部病例临床或骨性骨折愈合,愈合时间平均为3.2个月。所有病例均能独立行走,1例轻度髋内翻,2例轻度大腿前侧间隙性疼痛。参照Harris髋关节功能评分标准,优19例,良11例,可2例,优良率94%。结论:PFNA是治疗高龄股骨粗隆骨折的有效方法之一,重视三期辨证用药提高术后机体损伤耐受,缩短机体康复周期,有效复位相对稳定与早期功能锻炼相统一是提高治疗成功率的重要环节。     

晚孕期胎盘因子对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响

通过晚孕期胎盘因子(PF)对小鼠淋巴细胞体外增殖的作用,探讨PF对正常机体免疫系统和免疫功能的效应。分离小鼠淋巴细胞,用ConA刺激其增殖,并分别与晚孕期不同浓度的PF作用,于48 h和72 h用活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记,流式细胞术检测增殖。于48 h碘化丙啶染色,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布。结果显示,晚孕期PF在48 h和72 h时间点均能显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应,且效应与剂量呈正相关。晚孕期各浓度PF组G0期所占比率均显著低于对照组,且浓度越大,比率越低,组间两两比较有统计学意义。各浓度PF组S期所占比率均显著高于对照组,各浓度PF组G2/M期所占比率均显著高于对照组,25%PF组G2/M期所占比率均显著高于5%PF组和15%PF组。晚孕期PF通过促进小鼠淋巴细胞由G1期向S和G2/M期而促进ConA刺激小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖反应,提示PF具有免疫调节的功能,可以提高机体的免疫功能。     

不同手术范围及区段形态对乳腺癌保乳切缘影响的对比研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳手术中,采用梭柱型或圆柱型区段切除对保乳切缘肿瘤残留的影响,比较两种方法的优缺点,以期寻找一种兼顾两种方法优点的手术方式.方法 对于行乳腺癌保乳术的入组患者分别采用梭柱型保乳区段切除术(A组)或圆柱型保乳区段切除术(B组),比较两种术式手术标本切缘的肿瘤残留情况;随访比较两组患者术后1年内局部复发及...     

Sleep‐disordered breathing in heart failure patients with different etiologies

BackgroundThe prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is closely related to the severity of heart failure (HF), and the severity of HF is different in patients with HF of different etiologies. Hypothesis: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of SDB in patients with HFof different etiologies.MethodsHospitalized HF patients were consecutively enrolled. All patients underwent portable overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Patients were divided into five groups according to the etiology of HF: ischemic, hypertensive, myocardial, valvular, and arrhythmic. The prevalence of SDB and clinical data was compared among the five groups.ResultsIn total, 248 patients were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of SDB in HF was 70.6%, with the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at 47.6% and central sleep apnea (CSA) at 23.0%. Patients were divided into five groups: ischemic, hypertensive, myocardial, valvular, and arrhythmic. The prevalence of SDB among the five groups was 75.3%, 81.4%, 77.8%, 51.9%, and 58.5% (p = .014), respectively. The prevalence of OSA among the five groups was 42.7%, 72.1%, 36.1%, 37.0%, and 49.1% (p = .009), whereas the CSA was 32.6%, 9.3%, 41.7%, 14.8%, and 9.4% (p < .001), respectively.ConclusionsSDB is common in HF patients. The prevalence and types of SDB varied in HF with different etiologies, which may be related to the different severities of HF. SDB was highly prevalent in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, and myocardial HF. Hypertensive HF patients were mainly complicated with OSA, while myocardial HF patients were mainly complicated with CSA. Both conditions were highly prevalent in ischemic HF patients. The prevalence of SDB was relatively low in valvular and arrhythmic HF patients, and OSA was the main type.     

Effectiveness of Anchoring with Balloon Guide Catheter and Stent Retriever in Difficult Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Vessel Occlusion

ObjectiveA distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is important. However, delivering a large bore aspiration catheter is difficult to a tortuous or atherosclerotic artery. We report the experience of anchoring with balloon guide catheter (BGC) and stent retriever to facilitate the passage of an aspiration catheter in MT. MethodsWhen navigating an aspiration catheter failed with a conventional co-axial microcatheter delivery, an anchoring technique was used. Two types of anchoring technique were applied to facilitate distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during MT. First, a passage of aspiration catheter was attempted with a proximal BGC anchoring technique. If this technique also failed, another anchoring technique with distal stent retriever was tried. Consecutive patients who underwent MT with an anchoring technique were identified. Details of procedure, radiologic outcomes, and safety variables were evaluated. ResultsA total of 67 patients underwent MT with an anchoring technique. Initial trial of aspiration catheter passage with proximal BGC anchoring technique was successful for 35 patients (52.2%) and the second trial with distal stent retriever anchoring was successful for 32 patients (47.8%). Overall, navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter was successful for all patients (100%) without any procedure related complications. ConclusionOur study showed the usefulness of anchoring technique with proximal BGC and distal stent retriever during MT, especially in those with an unfavorable anatomical structure. This technique could be an alternative option for delivering an of aspiration catheter to a distal location.