Glove Permeation Tests Using Novel Microchemical Techniques for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) Derivatives

The aim was to assess the permeation of different herbicide emulsion concentrate formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as 60.8 and 83.5% butoxyethyl ester (BEE) and 46.8% dimethyl amine salt (DMAS) through four types of glove materials (lined unsupported nitrile, unlined unsupported butyl, Silver Shield laminate, and Viton). This entailed the development of new microchemical techniques to allow sensitive capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the permeated herbicide. The 2,4-D DMAS was esterified to the methyl ester by boron trifluoride-methanol complex with 99.2 ± 3.7% efficiency using microwave heating to minimize reaction time and to process microsamples. The GC/MS detection limit was 5 ng/ml (ppb) of 2,4-D DMAS in the collection medium. The permeates from the ester formulations were analyzed directly for the ester above the detection limit of 9 ng/ml (ppb) BEE. The permeation investigations utilized the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)-type permeation cells with liquid collection media. The results showed that these gloves could provide at least 6 h protection for these formulations. Received: 8 July 1998/Accepted: 13 December 1998     

Safety and immunogenicity of combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (whole cell and acellular)-Haemophilus influenzae-b conjugate vaccines administered to Indonesian children

A randomized double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines comprised of diphtheria (D) and tetanus (T) toxoids combined with either a whole cell (P) or an acellular (aP) pertussis component and Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylphosphate (PRP) tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) in Indonesian infants. Three doses of either DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T, or DTP-PRP-T were administered to 930 infants approximately 2-3 months of age and at 2 month intervals thereafter. A booster dose of either DTP-PRP-T or DTaP-PRP-T was administered at 15-18 months of age. Both local and systemic reactions occurred at a significantly (p < 0.001-0.026) higher rate in the group that received whole cell pertussis vaccine versus groups which were immunized with aP containing vaccines. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the rate of adverse events between groups immunized with DTaP or DTaP PRP T. One month after the third dose of vaccine, 99% of subjects had achieved > or =0.1 IU of anti-D and anti-T antibody per ml of serum. The geometric mean titer (GMT) to D was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the group immunized with DTaP versus the other two groups whereas the anti-T GMT was significantly (p < 0.006) higher for the group immunized with DTP-PRP-T. Both the anti-pertussis toxin (PT) and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antibody levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in recipients of acellular versus whole cell pertussis vaccine. In contrast, the anti-B. pertussis agglutinating antibody response was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the group immunized with whole cell pertussis vaccine. The anti-PRP GMTs (microg antibody/ml) at 7 months were 0.096, 3.35 and 6.11 for groups immunized with DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T and DTP-PRP-T, respectively. The GMT for those immunized with DTP-PRP-T was significantly (p < 0.001) higher compared to recipients of DTaP-PRP-T. The percent of children who attained > or =0.15 or > or =1 microg/ml after immunization was 18 and 2% for the DTaP group, 93 and 76% for the DTaP-PRP-T group and 97 and 88% for the DTP-PRP-T group. At the > or =1 microg/ml level the difference between the DTaP-PRP0-T and DTP-PRP-T groups was significant (p < 0.01). Children immunized with either DTaP, DTaP-PRP-T, or DTP-PRP-T were reimmunized with DTaP-PRP-T whereas a portion of children immunized with DTP PRP T where also boosted with this vaccine at 15-18 months of age. There was a vigorous anamnestic response to the D and T components with all children possessing > or =0.1 IU/ml. There was also a substantial increase in anti-PT, anti-FHA and B. pertussis agglutinating antibodies. The poorest anti-PT response was seen among children receiving DTP-PRP-T for both primary and reimmunization while the highest agglutinating antibody response followed receipt of 4 doses of DTP-PRP-T. Greater than 80% of children immunized with either DTP PRP T or DTaP-PRP-T possessed > or =0.15 microg/ml before boosting versus 38% for those vaccinated with DTaP (p < 0.001). Primary immunization with DTP-PRP-T resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage (72%) maintaining > or =1 microg/ml compared to those immunized with DTaP-PRP-T (46%). Prior to reimmunization, the anti-PRP GMT was significantly (p < 0.005) higher for children immunized with 3 doses of DTP-PRP-T versus DTaP-PRP-T. Subsequent to reimmunization, > or =95% of subjects attained > or =1 microg/ml.     

Ⅳ型胶原,纤维连接蛋白和层粘连蛋白在舌癌中的表达和意义

探讨Ⅳ型胶原,纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）,层粘蛋白（ＬＮ）与舌鳞形细胞癌（ＴＳＣＣ）的关系,应用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测ＴＳＣＣ３０例中Ｃｏｌ Ⅳ,ＦＮ和ＬＮ的表达情况。结果：ＣｏｌⅣ、ＦＮ和ＬＮ表达一致,癌旁原位癌基底膜呈线状,偶见局部染色模糊或中断,浸润癌癌巢周围表达阳性２１例,阳性９例,阳性率在分化好,无颈淋巴结转移组明显高于分化差,颈淋巴结转移组;癌巢呈团块型者,癌团呈较完整线状表达,染色强度深浓,细     

食管癌和胃癌磁共振成像检查的价值

目的：探讨食管癌和胃癌MRI检查的价值。方法：对95例食管癌和胃癌的MRI表现进行分析。结果；MRI所见与手术病理符合率以食管癌侵犯胸主动脉为最高。结论：MRI显示脏外生长型食管癌和胃癌具有较大价值；MRI显示病变波及范围、浸润破坏程度、与周围脏器的关系及有无转移等有较大优越性。     

酶制剂Cerezyme治疗高雪氏病效果观察

目的　酶制剂cerezyme替代疗法治疗高雪氏病 4年小结。方法　 Cerezyme初剂量 6 0U/kg ,每 2周 1次静脉滴注 ,2年后疗效好转剂量改为 30U/kg。结果 　 1 5例用药 4年以上的患者 ,血红蛋白平均增加 2 1g/L ,1 4例血小板近 1 2月恢复正常 ;脾功能亢进得到改善 ,肝脾回缩 9.3%和 6 0 .6 % ,肝功能治疗 6个月后大多恢复正常 ;身高平均增长 2 5 6厘米 ,体重平均增加 1 4 5公斤 ,生活质量明显提高。结论　 在基因治疗尚未广泛应用之前 ,酶替代疗法仍是唯一改善症状的有效措施     

中国HIV-1感染者病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞定量研究

目的对8例HIV长期感染不进展(LTNP)及病程进展缓慢(SP)患者的病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)特征进行研究。方法设立队列研究,从中随机选出8例患者(4例LTNPs,4例SP)。通过采用重叠肽技术组建HIV-1B亚型全序列肽段,组建成三维肽库进行ELISPOT分析8例患者的HIV-1特异性细胞免疫反应。结果在大多数患者中存在较强的T细胞反应,特别对HIV-1病毒的pol、gag、nef蛋白的免疫反应比其他蛋白强。结论病毒特异性CTL免疫反应在HIV-1 LTNPs有较强并且很广泛的反应,这对于有效抑制病毒在人体内的生存有可能起到很大的作用,很可能是这些LTNPs及SP病程进展缓慢的主要原因之一。     

抗-CCP抗体未分化关节炎向类风湿关节炎发展的预测价值

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)抗体在预测未分化关节炎(undifferentiatedarthritis.UA)向类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)发展的临床价值及其反应RA活动性的潜能。方法用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和速率散射比浊法对UA病人进行抗-CCP抗体和类风湿因子(RF)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)检测;追踪病人临床资料,选取确诊病例进行抗-CCP抗体试验指标评价,并分析其与RF和CRP的相关性。结果抗-CCP抗体预测UA向RA发展的敏感性为73.3%、特异性为92.6%。阳性和阴性似然比分别为9.9和0.29;相关性分析结果表明,抗-CCP抗体和RF没有相关性,但和CRP具有弱相关性。结论抗-CCP抗体对UA向RA发展具有较好的预测价值,并可能具有反应RA活动性的潜能。     

腹腔镜在女性不孕症诊治中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜(Laparoscopy)在女性不孕症诊治中的价值。方法回顾性分析3年间应用腹腔镜诊治女性不孕症35例临床资料。结果35例中不孕原因分别为盆腔炎性疾病19例,子宫内膜异位症9例,卵巢肿瘤4例,子宫肌瘤2例,盆腔结核1例;在诊断输卵管通畅度中,子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSG)与腹腔镜通畅组符合率是75%,不通畅组符合率是61.54%。结论应用腹腔镜能早期、直观、准确地明确不孕症的盆腔病因并予以治疗。是女性不孕症的有效诊治方法。     

乳腺癌术后患者241例辨证分型探析

通过对241例乳腺癌术后患者进行辨证分型以分析和探讨乳腺癌术后的辨证分型规律,对乳腺癌术后的中医药治疗起着指导作用.结果表明:241例乳腺癌术后患者,气阴两虚证、气血两虚证、冲任失调证分别为122例(50.62%)、82例(34.02%)、138例(57.26%);乳腺癌术后多证兼夹者112例(46.47%),其中气阴两虚证伴有冲任失调证67例(59.82%);气阴两虚证、冲任失调证、肝气犯胃与病程密切相关(P＜0.01);对乳腺癌术后患者临床上提出以益气养阴、健脾养血、补肾调摄冲任为主要治疗大法,佐以化瘀散结解毒.