Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin

Surface cracking is a major issue in amino resin-based flame-retardant coatings, which can be reduced by mixing flexible resins into the coatings. In this study, flexible waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was added into a melamine-modified, urea-formaldehyde, resin-based intumescent flame retardant (MUF-IFR) coating. A molecular chain of WPU was inserted into the MUF network and formed a WPU/MUF-semi-IPN structure. The cracking resistance of the coating was gradually enhanced with the increase in WPU content. When the WPU content exceeded 25% of the total resin, there were no cracks in the coatings after crack-resistance tests. The coatings before and after toughening showed good transparency on wood surfaces. The influence of WPU on char formation and flame retardant properties were explored by TGA, SEM, and cone calorimetry. The results showed that the decomposition of WPU occurred before char formation, which decreased the integrity of the coating and damaged the compactness of the char. Therefore, the addition of WPU reduced the expansion height and the barrier capacity of the char as well as the flame retardant properties of the coating. When the amount of WPU was 25% of the total resin, compared to the non-WPU coating, the average heat release rate in 300 s (AveHRR_300s) and the total heat release at 300 s (THR_300s) of the samples were increased by 45.8% and 35.7%, respectively. However, compared to the naked wood, the peak heat release rate (pHRR₁), AveHRR_300s, and THR_300s of the samples with the coating containing 25% WPU were decreased by 64.2%, 39.0%, and 39.7%, respectively. Therefore, the thermal stability of WPU affected char formation. The amount of WPU added should be chosen to be the amount that was added just before the coating cracked.     

Corosolic acid analogue,a natural triterpenoid saponin,induces apoptosis on human hepatocarcinoma cells through mitochondrial pathway in vitro

Context 2a,-3a,-24-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (TEO, a corosolic acid analogue) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Actinidia valvata Dunn (Actinidiaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective This study investigated the anti-proliferation and inducing apoptosis effects of TEO in three human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines.

Materials and methods Cytotoxic activity of TEO was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations from 2.5 to 40?μg/mL in BEL-7402, BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. Cell morphology was assessed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and fluorescence microscopy. Cell-cycle distribution and DNA damage were determined by flow cytometry and comet assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by JC-1 staining and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis changes were explored by Western blot, TNF-α and caspase-3, -8, -9 assays.

Results TEO exhibited inhibition effects on BEL-7402, BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cells treated for 24?h, the IC₅₀ values were 34.6, 30.8 and 30.5?μg/mL, respectively. TEO (40?μg/mL)-treated three cell lines increased by more than 21% in the G1 phase and presented the morphological change and DNA damage. TEO also declined the mitochondrial membrane potential and altered mitochondrial ultra-structure. Furthermore, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and TNF-α were also activated. Mechanism investigation showed that TEO could decrease anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, increase proapoptotic Bax and Bid proteins expressions and increase Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time that TEO inhibited growth of HCC cell lines and induced G1 phase arrest. Moreover, proapoptotic effects of TEO were mediated through the activation of TNF-α, caspases and mitochondrial pathway.     

The novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates used for internal fixation of elderly quadrilateral surface involved acetabular fractures

ObjectivesIn geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral surface (QLS) was frequently involved in acetabular fracture patterns and accompanied by medial displacement. It was important to buttress the medial displaced QLS and reconstruct the congruity of the affected acetabulum. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the novel infra‐pectineal quadrilateral surface buttress plates for the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty‐three geriatric patients who were treated for acetabular fractures involving QLS with the novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates (NIBP) through a single supra‐ilioinguinal approach between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received at least 1 year''s follow‐up. All patients were aged ≥60 years old and including 18 males and five females. Radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients involved in the study were collated and analyzed according to the Matta scoring system and the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The functional recovery scoring was compared using q‐test.ResultsAll 23 consecutive patients had relatively satisfactory clinical treatment effectiveness. Average ages, length of incision, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were 69.8 ± 6.1 years, 12.1 ± 2.6 cm, 166.5 ± 43.5 min, and 500 (500,700) ml, respectively. According to the Matta scoring system, 14 cases of reduction were graded as excellent, five as good, and four as fair. At the last follow‐up, the clinical outcome evaluation was excellent in 13 cases, good in seven cases, and poor in three cases with the use of the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The difference of modified Merle D''Aubigne‐Postel score at 3 months, 6 months and last follow up was statistically significant (F = 21.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in three patients and heterotopic ossification occurred in one patient.ConclusionsFor the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures, the NIBP could provide stable and effective fixation to the QLS involved acetabular fractures, and related satisfactory clinical results with few complications were noted.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎筛窦骨质病理形态学改变及其相关因素分析

目的:研究慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)筛窦骨质病理形态学改变的相关因素。方法:CRS患者180例,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型各60例,鼻内镜手术中取带有筛窦黏膜的筛骨标本送病理苏木精-伊红染色,对其病理形态学改变严重程度进行分级。统计不同临床分型其病理分级的例数及所占比率。分析筛窦骨质病理改变严重程度与筛窦黏膜病理改变程度、筛窦CT分型、病程长短及是否有手术史的关系。结果:所有患者筛窦骨质发生不同程度的病理形态学改变。病理分级:Ⅰ级5例(2.78%),Ⅱ级38例(21.11%),Ⅲ级71例(39.44%),Ⅳ级66例(36.67%)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型的筛骨病理分级结果:Ⅰ型,Ⅰ级5例(8.33%),Ⅱ级33例(55.00%),Ⅲ级15例(25.00%),Ⅳ级7例(11.67%);Ⅱ型,Ⅱ级5例(8.33%),Ⅲ级37例(61.67%),Ⅳ级18例(30.00%);Ⅲ型,Ⅲ级19例(31.67%),Ⅳ级41例(68.33%)。180例CRS患者不同临床分型、筛窦黏膜病理改变严重程度、不同筛窦CT分型、病程长短及是否有手术史与筛窦骨质病理分级均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论:CRS筛窦骨质发生不同程度的病理形态学改变,其...     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical outcomes and patterns of failure

The objective of the study was to report clinical outcomes and patterns of failure for these patients with cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CESCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). A total of 64 patients with CESCC treated with definitive IMRT from May 2005 to March 2012 in our center were analyzed. Forty-two patients received radiotherapy alone and 22 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The location and extent of locoregional failures were transferred to the pretreatment planning computed tomography for dosimetry analysis. For all patients, the overall 2-year local failure-free survival, regional failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, and overall survival rate was 74.5, 88.0, 66.6 and 42.5 %, respectively. Twenty-eight patients had developed treatment failure. Of the 28 patients, 14, 5, and 18 had developed local failure, regional failure, and distant metastasis, respectively. All of the 14 local failures were considered in-field failures. Of the five regional failures, three were considered in-field failures and two were marginal failures. The most frequently observed acute toxicity was mainly Grade 1 or 2. The incidence of acute Grade 3 mucositis (including pharyngitis), skin reaction, and leukopenia was 4.7, 12.5 and 10.9 %, respectively. IMRT provides satisfactory locoregional control for CESCC. Distant metastasis remains the predominate pattern of failure and the predominate pattern of locoregional failures is in-field failure.     

声带息肉患者术后声休方案探讨

目的探讨声带息肉患者喉显微手术后声休方案。方法85例声带息肉患者随机分为两组,A组48例,B组37例,均在显微支撑喉镜下行声带息肉切除术,A组术后严格声休1周,B组术后严格声休2周,其余治疗相同。两组均于手术前和手术后1、2、3、4周行嗓音基频微扰（jitter）、振幅微扰（shimmer）、噪谐比（NHR）检测和纤维喉镜检查,比较两组术后发声功能及声带手术创面恢复情况。结果术后1周时A、B两组jitter、shimmer、NHR值均与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;术后2周时,A组仅jitter较术前降低（P＜0．05）,shimmer、NHR值仍与术前无差异,而B组jitter、shimmer、NHR值均较术前降低（P＜0．05）,且B组shimmer值较 A组低（P＜0．05）;术后3周时B组jitter、shimmer、NHR值均低于A组;术后4周时两组jitter、shimmer、NHR值均恢复至正常水平。纤维喉镜检查显示术后1周时两组患者术侧声带均有不同程度充血水肿,部分患者创面可见少许伪膜;术后2周时声带充血水肿逐渐消退,伪膜脱落;至术后4周时,两组患者术侧声带外观完全恢复正常。结论声带息肉患者术后2周应严格声休,术后3～4周应相对声休,以利于声带创面的愈合及发声功能的恢复。     

青光眼与颈椎病的眼部表现特点关系探讨

目的:对一组症状,体征表现极相似于青光眼但非青光眼所致的颈椎病患者进行分析诊断,并作治疗探讨。方法:我院1993/2003-10间一组症状相似的颈椎病患者37例,分析其症状及体征特征,并与青光眼相鉴别。结果:通过此组患者症状体征分析,提醒相关医师掌握这些知识,对此组患者进行正确诊断和治疗。结论:该组患者是一组特殊类型的眼科患者,可暂称其为缺血性视疲劳。     

老年人居家护理服务需求的调查研究

目的:了解和探讨云浮市社区、家庭、本院门诊、住院患者和陪同人员对居家护理服务的需求.方法:运用问卷调查的方法,访谈100例云浮市区60岁以上的老年人.结果:老年人对居家护理服务的认识不足,但对居家护理服务需求较多,希望得到社会支持:提供家居护理服务如健康指导、心理咨询、预防保健及治疗、康复锻炼等护理活动.结论:老年人对居家护理服务需求主要集中在健康指导、心理咨询、预防保健及治疗和康复锻炼等四大方面.但经济问题是制约老年人需求的重要因素,呼吁政府和社会关注老年居家护理,加大对老年居家护理服务的政策倾斜和资源投入.