Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough: A Cochrane systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H₂‐receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H₂RAs in suppressing NAB.     

山西省出生缺陷高发区土壤元素分布特征

目的 了解出生缺陷高发区土壤中元素分布特征,为出生缺陷的干预和治疗提供理论依据.方法 于2005年1-5月,选择山西省吕梁山区出生缺陷高发的中阳县和交口县作为出生缺陷高发区,以人口相对集中的河道两侧为采样点,共涉及8个乡镇,79个行政村;选择晋中盆地出生缺陷低发的祁县作为出生缺陷对照区,采样点均匀分布,共涉及6个乡镇,27个行政村.采集距耕地表层10～20cm深的土壤,共采集样品131件.采用ICP-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法,对土壤样品中的16种元素进行测定.结果 高发区土壤中元素总量明显高于低发区.与祁县相比,交口县土壤中元素含量偏高的有As、Mo、Pb、Ni、V,含量偏低的元素有Se,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中阳县土壤中含量偏高的元素为Sn、Se、Mo、Zn、Sr、Pb、Ni、Fe、V、Ca、Cu、Al,偏低的元素为Mg和Na,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).土壤中元素含量(μg/g)与出生缺陷发病率的(1/万)逐步回归分析显示,交口县土壤中Mo、Al、As、Ni、Pb、Zn元素对病情影响有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),其标准的逐步回归判别方程为:y=-1.321 1.106 Mo-0.509 Al 0.117 As 0.663 Ni-0.429 Pb-0.262 Zn(R2a=0.891);中阳县土壤中Pb、Mg、Ca、Al、Zn元素对病情影响有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),其标准回归方程为:y=-1.757 0.441 Pb-0.264Mg 0.309 Ca-0.186Al 0.162Zn (R2a2=0.839).结论 交口县和中阳县土壤中Pb、Mo、Al等含量异常可能是两县出生缺陷高发的原因之一.     

结节病肺部改变的CT征象分析

目的探讨结节病肺部改变的CT表现及特征。方法回顾性分析90例经手术病理证实的结节病的临床资料及CT表现。结果结节69例（76．7％），主要沿支气管血管束分布37例（41．1％），团块影31例（34．4％），磨玻璃影39例（43．3％），支气管血管束增粗30例（33．3％），小叶间隔线58例（64．4％），纤维化17例（18．9％），包括支气管变形8例（8．9％）、条索影5例（5．6％）、蜂窝影4例（4．4％），空气潴留3例（3．3％），支气管狭窄8例（8．9％），胸膜改变42例（46．7％），肺门纵隔淋巴结增大76例（84．4％）。2种及2种以上肺部病变并存83例（92．2％），肺部病变合并肺门纵隔淋巴结增大76例（84．4％）。结节、团块、磨玻璃影、支气管血管束增粗治疗后随访吸收好转例数分别为25例（25／30）、9例（9／15）、11例（11／16），10例（10／12）；小叶间隔线、支气管变形、条索影、蜂窝影吸收好转例数分别为10例（10／22）、0例（0／4）、1例（1／3），0例（0／2）。结论结节病肺部CT表现形式多样，具有一定特征性，同时结合肺门纵隔淋巴结增大改变，有助于提高诊断正确率。     

Effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in normal tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bimatoprost 0.03% on ocular hemodynamics in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Twenty-two (22) patients with NTG were consecutively recruited. After basic eye examination and diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, color Doppler imaging was used to measure the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities and resistive index of the central retinal, lateral posterior ciliary, and medial posterior ciliary arteries. Patients received bimatoprost 0.03% for 4 weeks, and these measurements were then repeated. The worse eye of each NTG patient was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced mean IOP from 15.1 +/- 3.8 mmHg at baseline to 12.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg after treatment in our sample of NTG patients (P < 0.001). No significant changes in blood velocities or resistance indices were observed in the retrobulbar vessels after the 4-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Topical bimatoprost 0.03% significantly reduced IOP in our NTG patients without causing significant hemodynamic changes in the retrobulbar vessels.     

外科学教学中的审美教育

医学审美教育是医学生全面素质教育不可分割的组成部分,笔者结合长期外科教学实践,阐述了在外科学教学中运用医学美学原理对外科学的美进行开发和挖掘,使医学生在熟练掌握外科学基本理论和基本技能的同时,潜移默化地接受美的教育,美的熏陶,更能激发他们对外科学的热爱和兴趣,达到全面提高医学生整体素质的目的。     

CTLA4-Ⅰg对老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞功能的影响

目的 研究老年支气管哮喘病人周围血CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞表达IL4及IL-13的情况及CTLA4-Ⅰg对其影响。方法 用ELISA方法测定老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞产生IL-4和IL-13的水平及CTLA4-Ⅰg对其影响。结果 老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞分泌IL4、IL-13增多，IL-13增多较IL-4更为明显（P〈0．01），CTLA4-Ⅰg可有效抑制老年哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞分泌IL-4和IL-13（P〈0．01）。结论 CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞产生的IL-4和IL-13在老年哮喘发病中起重要作用，CTLA4-Ⅰg可有效抑制IL-4和IL-13的分泌。     

凯时治疗慢性重型肝炎患者疗效观察

目的探讨凯时即前列地尔脂微球载体制剂（Lipo-PGE1）治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法将84例慢性重型肝炎患者随机分成两组，对照组予综合治疗及对症治疗，治疗组在该基础上加用凯时10μg溶于5％葡萄糖注射液250ml中静脉缓慢滴注，1次/d，疗程为4周。结果治疗组对慢性重型肝炎的疗效优于对照组（P〈0．01），肝功能改善优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论Lipo-PCEI是一种治疗慢性重型肝炎安全、有效的药物。     

下肢复杂骨折交锁髓内钉治疗粉碎骨折螺钉辅助固定的意义

[目的]探索在交锁髓内钉治疗下肢复杂骨折中粉碎骨折块辅助固定的意义。[方法]下肢复杂骨折78例根据AO分型均为C型骨折，通过交锁髓内钉内固定，辅以拉力螺钉固定。[结果]术后摄片骨折及骨折块达解剖或功能复位，随诊6～24个月，优良率为94．88％（74／78例）。[结论]四肢复杂骨折治疗中，粉碎骨折块的螺钉辅助固定能够加强交锁髓内钉的稳定性，减少断钉、断棒现象，有利于骨折愈合。     

血管性痴呆的危险因素

血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)是老年期痴呆的另一个主要类型,国内外研究结果显示,VD的发病率和患病率均随着年龄的增长而显著增高[1,2],VD占欧美老年期痴呆的15%～20%。亚洲国家如中国和日本VD的发生率较高,