切开挂线对口引流与术后活性敷料换药治疗肛周脓肿80例疗效观察

为克服肛周脓肿传统治疗方法的不足,达到肛周脓肿一次性根治,减少并发症的目的,采用主病灶切开挂线术结合对口引流术,术后换药应用皮肤创面无极诱导活性敷料治疗高位及多间隙脓肿80例,全部治愈。结果表明,该术式具有损伤小,疼痛轻,愈合快等优点。     

A型肉毒毒素联合减张压迫法在面部整形美容切口中的应用

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素联合减张压迫法在面部整形美容切口中的应用效果。方法：随机选择30例面部整形美容手术治疗患者作为治疗组,另外选择30例为对照组,其中治疗组患者行整形美容术后即给予A型肉毒毒素注射并于拆线后用3M免缝胶布减张压迫切口,对照组术后不予A型肉毒毒素注射,拆线后即终止治疗。术后9个月对患者进行随访,并对术后切口进行评价,作统计学分析。结果：60例患者切口均为一期愈合。治疗组25例（83.3%）患者切口愈合为成熟期瘢痕,对治疗十分满意;5例（16.7%）患者切口瘢痕稍增宽,对治疗不太满意;治疗组患者表情均完全恢复,未发生A型肉毒毒素注射并发症。对照组仅7例（23.3%）患者切口为基本成熟瘢痕,对切口瘢痕较满意;23例（76.7%）患者切口瘢痕增宽,对治疗不太满意。结论：通过A型肉毒毒素联合减张压迫法在面部整形美容切口中的应用,术后切口愈合理想,患者满意度高,以期更好地促进整形美容术后切口的愈合并防治瘢痕增生。     

刺老苞根皮水提物对骨折愈合相关因子受体表达的影响

目的：研究刺老苞根皮水提物在骨愈合修复过程中对相关因子受体表达的干预作用。方法：采用SD大鼠胫骨打孔的方法建立单因素骨折模型,分别于实验造模第14、28天取材,用免疫组织化学方法检测刺老苞根皮水提物在骨愈合修复过程中对成纤维细胞生长因子受体2（fibroblastgrowthfactorreceptor2,FGFR2）、血管内皮生长因子受体1、受体2（fms-liketyrosinekinase,Flt-1;fetallicerkinase,Flk-1）表达的影响。结果：14d时,刺老苞根皮高剂量组增强了Flt-1、Flk-1的表达,以Flk-1更为显著,均高于模型组及刺老苞根皮低剂量组;刺老苞根皮高剂量组FGFR2有较高表达,与阳性对照药伤科接骨片组相近,高于模型组。28d时,各用药组FGFR2、Flk-1、Flt-1表达减弱,模型组表达均高于各用药组。结论：刺老苞根皮水提物在骨愈合过程中对血管形成有明显促进作用,对成纤维细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞的增值和活性有较大影响,加速软骨修复,提前进入骨化和塑形期,促进骨折愈合。     

趋化因子VCC-1在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的 研究趋化因子VCC-1在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用RT-PCR法检测8种肝细胞癌细胞株、10例正常肝脏组织标本、42例肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的VCC-1的mRNA表达情况,并结合临床资料探讨VCC-1的临床意义.结果 肝细胞癌细胞株中,SUN398的VCC-1表达量最高,Hep3B和Huh7几乎不表达,SUN387、SUN449、SUN423、HepG2、PLC5的表达介于两者之间.42例肝癌患者标本中,癌组织及癌旁组织同时存在表达,癌组织高于癌旁组织26例(61％,14.9±7.6倍),癌旁组织高于癌组织16例(39％,6.9±5.4倍).癌组织表达上调(P＜0.01).VCC-1的表达水平与肿瘤分化程度、直径有关(P＜0.05).在10例正常肝脏标本中,8例无表达,2例微表达,其表达水平低于癌细胞株、肝癌组织及癌旁组织(P＜0.01),而复发的3例标本均有癌组织高表达(20.1±2.3倍).有癌栓的8例标本中,5例出现癌组织VCC-1高表达(17.3±4.5倍),3例低表达.结论 VCC-1表达升高可能与肝细胞癌的发生发展有关,并有可能成为肝细胞癌的治疗靶点.     

脊髓电刺激对坐骨神经损伤大鼠背根神经节神经元和脊髓神经元的保护作用

目的 观察脊髓电刺激对大鼠坐骨神经切断后背根神经节(DRG)神经元和脊髓神经元的影响.方法 建立大鼠坐骨神经损伤模型,随机分为实验组(n=15)和对照组(n=15);实验组行脊髓电刺激,对照组行假治疗.观察不同时期两组大鼠DRG神经元和脊髓神经元计数和超微结构;测定再生神经纤维髓鞘厚度及传导速度(NCV).结果 术后1、4、8周,实验组DRG神经元计数为15.74±1.47、14.17±1.20、13.33±0.47;对照组为10.99±1.38、10.33±0.78、9.20±0.56两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).实验组脊髓神经元计数为17.16±0.50、15.86±1.27、11.55±0.95;对照组为12.16±0.92、10.27±0.44、9.24±0.78,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 脊髓电刺激对周围神经损伤后DRG神经元和脊髓神经元具有保护作用.     

32例产甲胎蛋白胃癌回顾性分析

目的：探讨产甲胎蛋白胃癌（α-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma,AFPGC）的临床病理学特征、治疗及预后影响因素。方法：回顾分析2001年1月—2007年1月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院确诊并完成治疗的468例胃癌患者住院病案资料,发现血清AFP升高患者67例,排除肝硬化、肝脏肿瘤、生殖系统肿瘤等因素后,最终确诊为AFPGC患者32例。调阅该32例患者的临床诊疗及随访资料,统计处理相关实验室及随访数据结果。结果：AFPGC患者占同期胃癌患者的6.8%（32/468）。与非AFPGC患者相比,AFPGC具有更高的淋巴结转移率（P=0.025）和肝脏转移率（P=0.011）。目前常用化疗方案不能有效控制疾病进展,32例AFPGC患者中20例最终死于肝转移,平均生存时间35.7个月。结论：AFPGC具有高度侵袭性,易发生肝转移,预后差。治疗首选胃癌根治术,术后进行辅助化疗。     

人体腰椎有限元建模及内固定的生物力学研究

随着电子计算机的发展,有限元迅速发展成为一种现代计算方法.它是20世纪50年代首先在连续体力学领域--飞机结构静、动态特性分析中应用的一种有效的数值分析方法.1972年,Brekelmans等[1]首次将有限元分析法引入生物力学领域.有限元分析在脊柱结构与功能研究中作用凸显,利用计算机模拟建立腰椎内固定模型,施加边界条件,可明确不同材料和结构的载荷情况.特别是在复杂构件上利用有限元进行应力、应变分析方面效率较高,从而为内固定装置的设计应用提供支持.与其他生物力学研究方法相比,有限元分析法具有实验时间短、费用少、可重复性及力学性能测试全面等突出优点.本文就腰椎内固定有限元模型的研究状况加以概述,并探讨新型内固定装置研制的思路.     

股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形的手术疗效

目的 评估和分析股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 2000年8月至2009年5月,采用截骨矫形、病灶刮除、打压植骨、股骨重建钉内固定治疗21例(24个)股骨纤维结构不良伴重度内翻畸形患者,男12例,女9例;年龄14～39岁,平均22.7岁.其中15例为单纯髋内翻畸形,6例同时伴髋内翻及股骨内翻畸形.颈干角55°～105°,平均75°;股骨内翻角18°～45°,平均30°;患侧股骨长度较对侧短缩2.0～4.5 cm,平均3.4cm.其中13例患者因发生病理性骨折而行手术治疗.结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间21个月至7年,平均3年4个月.24个股骨共30处截骨面中,28处于术后3～6个月骨性愈合,2例双段远端截骨面各有1处在术后12个月时仍不愈合,经再次植骨3个月后骨性愈合.21例内翻畸形股骨力线均完全矫正,术后颈干角矫正为95°～135°,平均118°;股骨内翻角完全纠正.股骨长度较术前延长1.8～3.6 cm,平均2.8cm.术后无一例患者发生感染、畸形进展及再骨折.17例患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)由术前7～10分降至术后0分,4例VAS评分由术前8～10分降至术后3～4分.Harris髋关节功能评分优12例,良6例,可3例.结论 外翻截骨可有效矫正内翻畸形,股骨重建钉可稳定股骨,大量打压式植骨可有效恢复骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of surgical treatment for fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur with severe varus deformity.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients (24 femora)of fibrous dysplasia who were treated in our hospital between August 2000 and May 2009.All patients had severe femoral varus deformity.The four-step procedures were performed orderlv as valgus osteotomy,lesion curettage,impacting of massive bone allograft,and fixation by femoral intramedullary nail.There were 6 patients with monostotic disease,15 with polyostotic diseases,including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 22.7 years(range,14-39 years).The average neck-shaft angle and femoral varus angle was 75°(range 55°-105°)and 30°(range,18°-45°),respectively.The average length of thigh shortened 3.4 cm(range,2.0-4.5 cm)compared with the contralateral thigh.Results All of the 21 patients were followed up from 21 months to 7 years with an average period of 3 years and 4 months.There were 30 osteotomy sites in 24 femurs,28 osteotomy sites showed bone union after 3-6 months from surgery.Two distal location of the double-level osteotomy showed nonunion,which received bone grafting again and got bone union after 3 months finally.The femoral mechanical alignments of the 21 patients had been recriticd.The average neck-shaft angle was 118°(range,95°-135°)postoperatively,the femoral varus angle disappeared.The average extremity lengthening was 2.8 cm(range,1.8-3.6 cm)postoperatively.There were no infection,recurrent fracture and progression of deformity.The visual analogue scales(VAS)score of 17 patients decreased to zero postoperatively from 7-10 preoperatively,and that of the other 4 patients decreased to 3-4 postoperatively from 8-10 preoperatively.The result of Harris hip functional score was excellent in 12 cases,good in 6,and fair in 3.Conclusion The valgus osteotomy can rectify varus deformity effectively.The reconstract nail of the fumer can support the stability of femur.Impacting of massive bone allograft can improve the capacity of the femur.     

右美托咪啶对切口痛大鼠中脑导水管去甲肾上腺素释放的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶对切口痛大鼠中脑导水管去甲肾上腺素(NE)释放的影响.方法 成功植入微透析系统的雄性Wistar大鼠24只,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=6),对照组(C组):腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水2 ml,15 min后吸入2%异氟醚;切口痛组(IP组):腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水2 ml,15 min后制备切口痛模型;D组:腹腔注射右美托咪啶30 μg/kg,15 min后制备切口痛模型;拮抗组(DY组):腹腔注射右美托咪啶30 μg/kg和育亨宾0.5 mg/kg,15 min后制备切口痛模型.除DY组外,其余各组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后4 h内每30 min收集微透析液10μl,DY组于术前30 min、术后30、60 min时收集微透析液,采用高效液相色谱仪和电化学检测器测定微透析液NE浓度;DY组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后1 h,其余各组于术前30 min(基础状态)、术后1、2、3、4h时测定机械缩足反应阈值(MWT).结果 与C组比较,IP组和DY组术后MWT降低,微透析液NE浓度升高,D组术后微透析液NE浓度升高(P＜0.05),MWT差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与IP组比较,D组和DY组术后MWT升高,微透析液NE浓度降低(P＜0.05);与D组比较,DY组术后MWT降低,微透析液NE浓度升高(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可抑制切口痛大鼠中脑导水管NE的释放,从而产生中枢镇痛作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on norepinephrine(NE)release in midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG)in a rat model of incisional pain.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats in which microdialvsis catheter was successfully placed in the ventrolateral region of PAG without complications were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 each):group control(group C);group incisional pain(group IP);group dexmetomidine(group D)and group dexmedetomidine+yohimbine(group DY).Incisional pain was induced by an incision made into the plantar surface of left hindpaw in IP,D,DY groups.Dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg and dexmedetomidine 30 μg/kg+yohimbine 0.5 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally at 15 min before plantar incision in group D and group DY respectively.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(MWT)to von Frey filament stimulation was measured at 30 min before(baseline)and 1,2,3,4 h after operation in C,IP,D groups,and at 30 min before(baseline),and 1 h after operation in group DY.Dialysate samples were collected at 30 min before(baseline)and at evcry 30 min after operation for 4 h via cerebral microdialysis catheter for determination of the NE concentration in C,IP,D groups,and at 30 min before(baseline),30,60 min after operation in group DY.Results Incisional pain significantly decreased MWT and increased the NE concentration in dialysate in group IP.Dexmedetomidine premedication significantly inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and attenuated incisional pain-induced increase in the NE concentration in dialysate in group D.Yohimbine counteracted effects of dexmedetomidine.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has analgesic effect though inhibition of NE release from PAG.     

他克莫司缓释胶囊与他克莫司胶囊的临床对照试验

目的 比较和评价首次肾移植受者使用他克莫司缓释胶囊和他克莫司胶囊治疗的安全性和有效性.方法 11家中心的241例肾移植受者随机分配为试验组(应用他克莫司缓释胶囊+吗替麦考酚酯+皮质激素)和对照组(应用他克莫司胶囊+吗替麦考酚酯+皮质激素),观察时间从移植当天至术后12周.试验组受试者每天上午一次性服用他克莫司缓释胶囊,对照组受试者每天早晚分2次服用他克莫司胶囊.两组试验药物的起始剂量均为0.1～0.15 mg·kg-1·d-1.分别在治疗前和治疗后第1、3、7、14、28、56和84 d各随访1次.对两组受者用药的有效性、安全性、依从性以及不良反应进行对比分析.结果 进入符合方案分析集者共223例,其中试验组111例,对照组112例.两组受者的平均年龄、性别、原发病的差异均无统计学意义,各有12例发生急性排斥反应.对照组和试验组分别有36例(32.1%)和37例(33.3%)发生与试验药物相关的不良反应.无受者连续3 d未按照方案服用药物.两组治疗后期较治疗前期的服药量均减少,且组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗早期两组血他克莫司浓度较接近,从28 d开始,试验组血药浓度低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 从药物安全性、药物治疗的有效性、相关不良反应以及受者依从性各方面分析显示,每天1次的他可莫司缓释胶囊均非劣效于每天2次的他克莫司胶囊,在临床应用中,用他克莫司缓释胶囊代替他克莫司胶囊是切实可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of twice-daily tacrolimus (Tacrolimus BID; Prograf) vs once-daily prolonged release tacrolimus (Tacrolimus QD; Advagraf), combined with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil in preventing acute rejection in De Novo renal transplantation patients. Methods 241 patients from 11 centers were randomized into two groups with 3 months observation period post-transplantation. Advagraf was administered as a single oral dose in the morning (initially 0. 1-0. 15 mg/kg every day) and Prograf was administered in two equal oral doses 12h apart (initially 0. 1-0. 15 mg/kg). Study visits were scheduled for days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84post-transplantion. The efficacy, safety, compliance and adverse effects were compared between two groups. Results Totally 223 patients completed the study. The two groups were comparable in age,gender and primary disease. There were 12 episodes of acute rejection in each group. There was no graft loss or patient death in both groups. The incidence of drug related adverse events was 32. 1 %and 33. 3% respectively in the control and experimental groups. Dosage was decreased in both groups and there was significant difference in each group. The trough level was similar at the initiate period.Twenty-eight days post-transplantation the trough level in the Advagraf group was lower than in the Prograf group. Conclusion Advagraf has the same efficacy, safety and drug related adverse effects as Prograf. It is practical and feasible for Advagraf substitute for Prograf in clinical practice.