国际异体复合组织移植发展现状与展望

对各种先天或后天原因所致的严重组织缺损,自体组织修复往往无能为力。近年来随着实体器官移植技术的成熟,异体复合组织移植逐渐兴起。自法国第1例异体手移植后,复合组织移植广泛开展,涉及多种组织,遍及十余个国家和地区。本文旨在总结近10年来复合组织移植的成功经验、成就以及所面临的问题,并对不久的将来可能采用的新方法、新技术进行预测和展望。     

SERUM-FREE CULTURE OF RHESUS MONKEY EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS

Previous studies have shown that the maintenance and proliferation of undifferentiated rhesus monkey embryonic stem (rES) cells requires medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Due to the uncharacterized composition and variation in serum nature, the present study aimed to replace the serum-containing medium with a serum-free medium in the rES cell culture. The results showed that after the initial 48-h culture in the routinely used serum-containing medium, rES cells can grow and proliferate for a prolonged period in the serum-free medium composed of DMEM supplemented with a cocktail of BSA, IGF-1, TGF- &#102, bFGF, aFGF, estradiol, and progesterone. rES cells cultured in the serum-free medium maintained high level of alkaline phosphatase activity and OCT4 level. There was no indication of differentiation as judged by the marker gene expression of all three embryonic germ layers and trophoblast. In addition, serum-free culture would not affect the passage capacity and differentiation potential of rES cells. This work will facilitate the future study of induced differentiation of rES cells and other applications.     

聚能光谱磁共振MAGNETOMSpectra实现创新人性化设计

讨论MRI系统人性化设计的概念．并总结了其在西门子MAGNETOMSpectra产品的实现。     

重症监护室医院感染主要病原学分布及其耐药性分析

目的: 分析重症监护室(ICU)医院感染主要病原学分布及其耐药情况。方法: 对124例医院感染患者的病原学资料进行分析。结果: 共检测阳性标本178份,其中分离出革兰阴性(G-)杆菌142株,革兰阳性(G+)球菌15株,真菌21株。G-杆菌中最常见的依次为:铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种、鲍曼不动杆菌和洋葱伯克霍尔德菌。G+球菌中最常见的依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌等。真菌中最常见的依次为:白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌等。铜绿假单胞菌仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、妥布霉素和多黏菌素E耐药率<30%。肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率普遍>40%,耐药率<45%有阿米卡星、环丙沙星、妥布霉素和复方磺胺甲口恶唑等。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率<20%有头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南和美洛培南,其他抗生素耐药率均>70%。未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌。白假丝酵母对常用抗真菌药物表现为较高敏感性。结论: ICU 医院感染病原菌以G-杆菌为主,细菌耐药普遍,密切监测ICU医院感染的常见致病菌及其对抗生素的敏感性,对指导临床合理用药,提高临床抗感染治疗效果十分重要。     

大鼠清醒无麻醉状态下的侧脑室给药方法的研究

目的：探讨大鼠清醒无麻醉状态下的侧脑室给药方法。方法：选取雌性SD大鼠15只,使用自制脑室置管系统对大鼠行侧脑室置管,置管术后大鼠自由恢复1周,每日对大鼠进行驯养5~10 min。术后8~10 d在清醒无麻醉状态下每日向侧脑室注射生理盐水10 μL。术后11 d侧脑室注入10 μL美蓝后麻醉大鼠,全部开胸经升主动脉插管,行甲醛心脏灌注后处死大鼠,待甲醛固定灌注完毕后取脑组织。结果：2%的美蓝溶液注入后脑室的全部内壁均染色,苏木精-伊红染色法 (HE染色法)染色后脑内未见明显的出血或炎症,2只大鼠给药前, 置入侧脑室的不锈钢导管未见脑脊液溢出。结论：清醒无麻醉状态下的大鼠侧脑室给药方法简单可行,成功率高。     

全髋置换术合并血小板减少的处理 (附29例报告)

目的探讨血小板减少对全髋置换术的影响及其处理方法.方法分析1997年10月～2001年10月施行的合并血小板减少的全髋置换术29例.结果血小板减少患者术后Harris评分提高,与血小板正常患者相似,但输血量同正常组比较有显著性差异.血小板计数80～99×109/L组同50～79×109/L组间无明显差异,＜50×109/L组同50～79×109/L组间输血量、输血小板量有显著性差异,＜50×109/L组同80～99×109/L组间输血量有显著性差异.结论血小板减少对患者的功能恢复无明显影响,但血小板计数＜50×109/L患者所需输血和血小板量明显增加,只要术中做好足够的血小板支持,该类患者完全能够渡过围手术期.     

271例婴幼儿完全性唇腭裂一期修复及初步观察

目的 探索婴幼儿完全性唇腭裂一期修复的可行性，并对其效果进行初步观察。方法 对3－12个月婴儿安全性唇腭裂进行了一期修复，同时对24例裂隙宽大的患儿进行术前腭部矫治，对术后1－4年的116例患儿唇的外形及事音进行了初步评价。结果 271例婴幼儿完全性唇腭裂修复手术，术后除2例发生呼吸困难，6例腭部瘘孔形成及5例作品渗血外，全部愈合良好。研究发现19例单侧完全性唇腭裂术前腭部矫治后，齿槽部裂隙左右距离轿治前平均缩小6．1mm；前后距离轿较矫治前平均缩小6．6mm；唇外菜评价优良率达93．1％，语音评价优良率达94．8％。结论 婴幼儿完全性唇腭裂一期是完全的、可行的。术前腭部桥治可明显缩小齿槽部的裂隙，有利于宽大裂隙的修复。婴幼儿完全性唇腭裂一期修复可获良好唇外形及语音功能恢复。     

三步法复位颈椎双侧关节突关节脱位

【摘要]目的 提高颈椎双侧关节突关节脱位的复位成功率,缩短复位所需时间。方法 对36例此类损伤的患者采用颅环牵引下手法复位的疗效进行了系统的临床观察。结果 成功35例,失败回例,复位成功率97.22%。牵引开始至椎体复位时间最短30分钟,最长约4小时。结论 显示该方法具有复位成功率高、用时短等优点,可有效地减轻脊髓的继发性损害,无明显的神经并发症,该方法值得提倡。     

Use of the anterolateral thigh free flap for the soft tissue coverage of Gustilo grade-ⅢB open bone fractures in lower extremities

Objective To investigate the clinical results of the anterolateral thigh free flaps for the soft tissue coverage of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ B open bone fractures in lower extremities.Methods The anterolateral thigh free flaps were applied to treat 42 Gustilo grade-11Ⅲ B open fractures.Ten flaps were performed through an emergency procedure.Sixteen were performed at early stage and the other 16 were performed at later stage .The results of the therapy were analyzed after long time follow up. Results All limbs were salvaged and all the flaps survived without protracted course to obtain soft tissue coverage.The follow up ranged 11 to 47 months.The healing time of the bones were significant prolonged in the later stage therapy group compared with the emergency therapy group and the early stage therapy group.In the later stage therapy group,the incidences of the bone infection and nonunion were also higher than the other two groups,and the second stage bone transplantation to repair bone defect and nonunion were needed in 76% patients in this group.The lower limb functions of the later stage treated group were worse than those of the other two groups.Compared to the early stage treated group,better lower limb functions could be obtained in the emergency treated group. Conclusion Delayed soft tissue coverage resulted in higher incidence of complications.The immediate soft tissue coverage of severely injured limbs complicated by Gustilo grade-Ⅲ B open fractures and massive soft tissue defects had the advantages over traditional methods.Hard work though it was,one-stage soft tissue coverage using anterolateral thigh free flaps could obtain better lower limb function.