The Inhibition and Protection of Cholinesterase by Physostigmine and Pyridostigmine Against Soman Poisoning in vivo

It has been shown that some reversible cholinesterase (ChE)inhibitors as physostigmine and pyridostigmine are prophylacticallyeffective in organophosphate poisoning. The inhibition and protectionof ChE against Soman poisoning with the above mentioned drugswas investigated in mice.

1. Physostigmine and pyridostigmine significantly inhibited theChE in whole blood in vivo and their inhibitory potencies withequitoxic doses were approximately equal (1/5 LD₅₀ about 30%;1/2 LD₅₀ about 45% respectively). Physostigmine also significantlyinhibited brain ChE and its potency was slightly weaker thanthat in blood; but pyridostigmine only slightly inhibited brainChE (17%) with large dose (1/2 LD₅₀). The extent of inhibitionwas in parallel with the dosage of the drugs used.
2. Physostigminehad definite protection in the blood and brainChE against Somanpoisoning. The extent of protection was inparallel with thedosage used. The protection of blood ChE bypyridostigmine wasweaker than that by physostigmine. Therewas no protection ofbrain ChE by pyridostigmine.
3. The inhibitory potency of equitoxicdoses of physostigmine andpyridostigmine in the ChE of diaphragmmuscle was equal too(1/2 LD₅₀ about 45%), and the protectiveeffect of physostigminewas still greater than that of pyridostigminein Soman poisoning.
4. The time course of blood ChE inhibitionby physostigmine invivo was of short duration. While 30 minutesafter administrationof physostigmine, the ChE activity graduallyrecovered and itreturned to normal level after 4 hours. Theblood ChE inhibitionby pyridostigmine reached a peak levelafter 2 hours, and theChE activity slowly increased after 4hours, but there was 30%of ChE activity still inhibited after8 hours.
5. Physostigmine and pyridostigmine, the reversibleChE inhibitorswith carbamate structure, have definite ChE protectionagainstSoman poisoning. The prophylactic efficacy was obviouslycorrelatedwith their ChE protective potency. Evaluating physostigmineand pyridostigmine based on their efficacy, toxicity, adverseeffects, duration, availability and stability, we recommendthat pyridostigmine is the drug of choice in the prophylaxisagainst nerve gas poisoning.

     

注射用鹿茸生长素对肾阳虚型骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的：探讨鹿茸生长素肾阳虚型骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法：将阳虚型骨质疏松症随机分为两组分别用鹿茸生长素与蛙降钙素治疗，测量治疗前后骨密度、骨代谢生化指标分析，以及观察临床症状和体征结果：经注射用鹿茸生长素治疗后，治疗组临床症状明显改善，骨密度较治疗前提高。     

电位滴定法的计算原理及Excel软件应用

阐述了电位滴定法的计算原理以及Excel软件在电位滴定数据处理中的应用。     

经迷路进路听神经瘤术后脑脊液漏的预防及处理

目的　探讨经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏发生的影响因素及处理方法。方法1999年以来采用迷路进路或扩大迷路进路听神经瘤切除术 85例 ,前 4 1例采用传统关闭术腔技术 ,后4 4例对关闭技术进行改良 ,分析其脑脊液漏的发生率。发生脑脊液漏者行保守或手术治疗。结果传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 19 5 % ( 8 4 1) ,改良关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 2 3%( 1 4 4 ) ,两组差异有显著性意义 (P =0 0 13)。传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏多数发生在大型听神经瘤中 ,其发生率随肿瘤增大有上升的趋势。 9例脑脊液漏的患者中 ,3例经保守治疗 ;6例经手术修补成功 ,其中 5例 1次修补成功。结论　改良关闭术腔技术可显著降低经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏的发生率 ,手术修补为终止脑脊液漏的有效措施     

骨髓基质细胞与玻璃陶瓷复合培养体内成骨的实验研究

目的 观察骨髓基质细胞（BMSC）与钙磷陶瓷（BGC）复合后形成骨组织的生物学机制,为形成组织工程化新生骨组织提供理论依据。方法 将BMSC与BGC复合植入动物体内后进行大体观察、组织学染色,观察其成骨过程。结果 一定浓度的BMSC与BGC复合植入动物体内可产生成熟新生骨组织,其成骨过程与局部血运、材料孔隙、孔径有关。结论 利用组织工程学方法可以形成新生骨组织,为进一步研究组织工程化新生组织的体内移植手段和方法提供了新的思路和可能。     

黏膜上皮细胞培养模型及其在给药系统评价中的应用

 目的 综述黏膜上皮细胞培养模型的建立、评价、实验方法及在给药系统中的应用,为此方面的研究工作提供参考。方法 查阅、总结近年来国内外有关文献。结果 黏膜上皮细胞培养模型可在体外有效地研究药物及制剂的摄取、代谢、排放、转运以及生物黏附等过程。结论 黏膜上皮细胞培养模型被广泛用于多种给药系统研究中。     

Marked enhancement of anti-allodynic effect by combined intrathecal administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyladenosine and morphine in a rat model of central pain

BACKGROUND: There is often no satisfactory treatment for chronic pain after spinal cord injury. We have previously reported that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) or the opioid morphine has anti-allodynic effects in a model of presumed chronic central pain after photochemically induced spinal cord injury in rats. In the present study, we set out to investigate the possible interaction between i.t. R-PIA and morphine in spinally injured rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats displaying allodynia-like behaviors to mechanical and cold stimuli after photochemically induced spinal cord injury with minor motor deficits were used. R-PIA and morphine, either alone or in combination, were administered i.t. through an implanted catheter to lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS: Cumulative doses of R-PIA or morphine dose-dependently reduced the mechanical allodynia-like behavior, with a threshold of 1 nmol and 1.5 nmol, respectively. When co-administrated, R-PIA and morphine produced marked suppression of mechanical allodynia at doses of 5 pmol and 7.5 pmol, respectively. The effect of i.t. co-administration of R-PIA and morphine on cold allodynia was comparable to i.t. R-PIA alone. The combination of R-PIA and morphine did not increase adverse effects such as motor deficits in comparison to either drug alone. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a supra-additive interaction between the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-PIA and morphine to reduce mechanical allodynia-like behavior in rats with chronic spinal cord injury. The combination of R-PIA and morphine administered spinally may be superior to R-PIA or morphine alone for treating such pain.     

兔蜗神经直接动作电位的特征

目的　探讨新西兰大白兔蜗神经直接动作电位 (directcochlearnerveactionpotential,DCNAP)的记录方法和特征 ,建立术中听觉监护动物模型。方法　纯种新西兰大白兔 6只 (12耳 ) ,乙状窦后进路暴露小脑、脑干及双侧桥脑小脑角区 ,插入针状电极于蜗神经 ,记录DCNAP ,并按常规方法记录听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)。结果　用本方法记录的DCNAP具有振幅大、波形稳定、重复性好、记录时间短的特点 ,但个体差异较大。结论　在蜗神经桥脑小脑角区用针状电极可以可靠记录到DCNAP ,是术中听觉监护的可行方法     

绝经前单纯子宫切除对卵巢功能影响的研究

目的探讨绝经前行单纯子宫切除后卵巢功能变化机制及相关疾病多发的危险因素。方法利用放免方法测定36例绝经前单纯切除子宫患者血中R(雌二醇)、P(孕酮)、LH(促黄体生成素)、FSH(促卵泡生成素)、PRL(泌乳素)和T(睾酮)的变化。结果随着术后评价时间的延长，单纯子宫切除患者的卵巢激素R、P、T水平呈降低趋势；垂体激素LH、FSH、PRL水平呈升高趋势。结论单纯子宫切除后患者卵巢功能降低，且随着术后时间间隔的延长而日渐明显。故应慎重对待子宫切除，术后患者亦应适当行激素替代治疗。