婴幼儿血管瘤病理结构变化与临床演变过程的联系

目的探讨婴幼儿血管瘤患者临床演变过程和病理结构变化的内在联系。方法选取52例婴幼儿血管瘤标本,年龄2个月至11岁。采用HE染色观察各阶段血管瘤的病理特点,使用图像分析系统分析血管瘤组织中的细胞总数量、微血管总数量和总面积。结果按患儿出生后时间:1~6个月,血管瘤中细胞增殖速度快、排列紧密,微血管数量迅速增加;7~12个月,血管瘤中细胞数量迅速减少,微血管数量减少,但总面积继续扩大;1~3岁,大部分血管瘤组织呈微血管团样,微血管面积最大;3~5岁,微血管数量和总面积均迅速减少;5岁之后,大部分血管瘤消退完成,被纤维脂肪组织代替。结论婴幼儿血管瘤患者临床演变过程和病理结构变化有密切联系,病理结构变化主导临床演变过程。     

Clinical Recurrences After Successful Accessory Pathway Ablation:

Dormant Accessory Pathways. Introduction : Recurrence of clinical symptoms after radiofrequency catheter ablation of an accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) may be due to the late manifestation of an additional AP that was not detected during the initial ablation session. It was the purpose of this study to elucidate the phenomenon of these "dormant" APs.
Methods and Results : Of 1280 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of an AP, 54 patients (4.2 %) developed clinical symptoms postablation, necessitating a repeat ablation session. Recurrence of conduction over the AP targeted al the initial ablation session was found in 45 patients, whereas in the other 9 patients (0.7%) the manifestation of a previously unnoticed AP had caused symptom recurrence. Retrospective analysis of the data from these patients' ablation sessions revealed that the late manifesting AP was ablated at a site clearly different from that of the initially targeted AP, and that the manifestation of conduction over a previously "dormant" AP occurred significantly later than the recovery of a presumably ablated AP. Seven (78%) of the 9 "dormant" APs were concealed, and none exhibited decremental conduction properties.
Conclusion : The incidence of clinical recurrences mediated by the late manifestation of conduction over a previously "dormant" AP is low. The lack of an anatomic vicinity of these predominantly concealed APs with the initially targeted AP and the lack of evidence for their presence during the initial ablation session suggest intermittent conduction as the most likely explanation for their late manifestation.     

Dendritic Cells Coinjected with Tumor Cells Treated with an Anticancer Drug to Induce Tumor Rejection

Purpose: We examined whether bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) could induce antitumor immunity when a chemotherapeutic drug was added. Methods: CT26 (a murine colon cancer cell line syngeneic with BALB/c) and CT26-bearing mice were treated with mitomycin C (MMC) intraperitoneally (i.p.). Next, mice immunized with a coinjection of DCs and MMC-treated CT26 (i.p.) were given an intradermal inoculation of CT26. Finally, CT26-bearing mice were treated with MMC (i.p.) with or without DCs, given peritumorally. Results: Although the inoculated tumor was not rejected in the control mice, CT26 was rejected in 50% of the mice injected with MMC alone. Apoptosis was observed in the MMC-treated CT26 cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunization with DCs and apoptotic CT26 cells, but not with apoptotic CT26 alone, gave protection against tumor challenge in 7 of 13 mice. A significantly higher level of cytotoxic T-cell activity and interferon-γ production was seen in the protected mice. When MMC (i.p.) treatment was followed by peritumoral DC injection in the CT26-bearing mice, remarkable therapeutic effects were observed. Conclusion: DCs can collaborate with chemotherapy-induced apoptotic tumor cells and elicit improved antitumor immunity, probably through the acquisition of tumor-associated antigens from apoptotic tumor cells. Received: January 7, 2002 / Accepted: September 3, 2002 Acknowledgments. We thank Dr. Kazuo Kinoshita for his useful advice on using flow cytometry. This research was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (No. 11671160). Reprint requests to: S. Yamasaki     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

ETV6/RUNX1 fusion at diagnosis and relapse: some prognostic indications

This study was undertaken in order to compare the interphase and metaphase cytogenetics of 28 patients with ETV6/RUNX1 positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, at diagnosis and relapse. The median time to relapse was 26 months. The significant fusion positive population heterogeneity revealed at interphase by a commercial probe for ETV6/RUNX1 fusion has not been described before. Six diagnostic samples had a single abnormal population; others had up to five each, which differed in the numbers of RUNX1 signals, and in the retention or loss of the second ETV6 signal. In contrast, the number of fusion signals was more constant. At relapse, there were fewer populations; the largest or unique clone was sometimes a re-emergence of a minor, diagnostic one, with a retained copy of ETV6 and the most RUNX1 signals. Abnormal, fusion negative clones were identified in bone marrow samples at extra-medullary relapse. Variant three or four-way translocations, which involved chromosomes 12 and 21, were prominent among the complex rearrangements revealed by metaphase FISH. The frequency of their occurrence at diagnosis and reappearance at relapse, sometimes accompanied by minor clonal evolution, was another new observation. Other recurrent cytogenetic features included a second copy of the fusion signal in six cases, partial duplication of the long arm of the X chromosome in two cases, and trisomy 10 in three cases. In comparing our data with previously reported cases, a picture is beginning to emerge of certain diagnostic features, which may provide circumstantial evidence of an increased risk of relapse.     

Induction of protective immunity to monoclonal-antibody-defined Plasmodium falciparum antigens requires strong adjuvant in Aotus monkeys.

Monoclonal antibodies to the major Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface coat and rhoptry antigens were produced. A combination of the affinity-purified polypeptides with Freund complete adjuvant which was given three times completely protected an Aotus lemurinus azure (karotype VI) monkey against homologous challenge; however, immunization with the same polypeptides with a muramyl dipeptide derivative [MDP-Lys(L18)] did not protect a second Aotus monkey, even though comparable high antibody titers were induced.     

一种可生物降解温度敏感型聚乙二醇-聚己内酯-聚乙二醇水凝胶的合成和表征

合成了一系列分子量较低的聚乙二醇．聚己内酯-聚乙二醇（Poly（ethylene glycol）-Polycaprolactone-Poly（ethylene glycol），PEG-PCL—PEG）三嵌段共聚物。分别采用FTIR和1H—NMR对其结构进行了表征。所合成的PEG-PCL-PEG共聚物具有良好的水溶性，当水溶液浓度高于临界凝胶浓度（Critical gel concentration，CGC）时，随着温度的变化聚合物水溶液会呈现特有的凝胶-溶胶转变。研究了共聚物亲水疏水链段的比例和长度，以及热历史等对凝胶-溶胶转变行为的影响。通过调节上述条件，可以在一定程度上拓宽凝胶-溶胶转变温度范围，有助于PEG—PCL-PEG水凝胶在可注射药物控制释放系统等方面的应用。     

壳聚糖醋酸溶液对凝血作用的研究

研究了不同脱乙酰度和不同分子量壳聚糖醋酸溶液的凝血作用。发现壳聚糖醋酸溶液使抗凝血液中红细胞发生了明显的聚集和变形。通过不同分子量和脱乙酰度壳聚糖的促红细胞聚集实验,证明了低脱乙酰度壳聚糖(60%~70%)使红细胞聚集效果更好,分子量在105~106范围内作用不十分明显。对血液的凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原浓度(FIB)的测定结果验证了壳聚糖醋酸溶液凝血机理不依赖于血小板和常规“瀑布”凝血机制。