Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein composition and function

Alterations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition in diabetes affect its function with respect to control of de novo cholesterol synthesis. We examined the effect of 4 weeks of an oleic-acid-rich diet on LDL composition and function in eight Type 2 diabetic and eight non- diabetic control subjects. LDL (density 1.019-1.063 g/l) was isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. LDL composition was measured and LDL fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Cholesterol synthesis was measured by [14C]-acetate incorporation into the freshly isolated mononuclear leucocytes. Fasting blood glucose fell from 9.3 +/- 2.0 to 8.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (p < 0.05) and fasting serum insulin increased from 8.3 +/- 2.8 to 10.4 +/- 5.0 mIU/l (p > 0.05) in the diabetic patients. LDL oleic acid increased in the diabetic patients from 18.8 +/- 1.8% to 22.5 +/- 1.9% (p < 0.01) and in the non-diabetic subjects from 19.9 +/- 1.8% to 23.3 +/- 2.8% (p < 0.01). The LDL- esterified to free cholesterol ratios of 3.0 +/- 0.6 and 2.7 +/- 0.2 for the diabetic and non-diabetic patients were similar, and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) to 2.4 +/- 0.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.4, respectively. Baseline [14C]-acetate incorporation was similar in the two groups, and decreased after diet from 437 +/- 239 to 249 +/- 144 ng/g cell protein (p < 0.05) in the diabetic patients. There was a negative correlation between the LDL-esterified to free cholesterol ratio and the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid in the LDL (r = -0.39, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and LDL oleic acid in the diabetic patients (r = -0.51, p < 0.05). Enrichment of LDL with oleic acid appears to improve its ability to regulate endogenous cholesterol synthesis in both control and diabetic subjects. In the diabetic population, the diet had a favourable effect on glycaemic control.      

Characterization of common and rare human papillomaviruses in Portuguese women by the polymerase chain reaction,restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing

The present study aimed to provide additional information on the prevalence of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types in Portuguese women by using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. HPV was detected in 15.5% (15/97) of the control samples, 23.5% (12/51) of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 52.8% (28/53) of low‐grade lesions, 82.4% (28/34) of high‐grade lesions, and 100% (44/44) of carcinomas. Overall, 28 HPV types were detected: 11 high‐risk (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56, 58, and 59), 3 probable high‐risk (HPV 53, 66, and 73), 6 low‐risk (HPV 6, 11, 44, 61, 70, and 81), and 8 unknown‐risk types (HPV 34, 62, 67, 71, 83, 84, 102, and 108). The most prevalent type was HPV 16, detected in 33.8% of women infected with HPV, followed by HPV 58 (9.2%), HPV 33 (7.0%), HPV 18 (6.3%), HPV 53 (5.6%), HPV 31 and 56 (4.9% each), HPV 6 (3.5%), and HPV 66 and 81 (2.8% each). Of 44 cervical carcinoma samples, 71% were associated with HPV 16 (60%) and HPV 18 (11.1%), followed by the high‐risk types 33 (11.1%), 35 (4.4%), 45 (4.4%), and 56 (2.2%), the probable high‐risk type 53 (4.4%) and the unknown‐risk type 67 (2.2%). This study provides information on the most common HPV types in Portuguese women and suggests that the current prophylactic HPV 16/18 vaccine may be useful for the prevention of cervical cancer in this population. J. Med. Virol. 82:1024–1032, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Estimation of dietary intake and patterns of polyphenol consumption in Polish adult population

PurposePolyphenols play an important role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The purpose was to estimate dietary polyphenol intake in Polish adults, using own database of food polyphenols, and to establish main dietary sources of polyphenols.Material and MethodsPolish men and women (6661) aged 20–74 years were randomly selected from the Polish National Multicenter Health Survey (WOBASZ). Subjects’ daily food consumption was estimated by the 24–hour recall method and was continued for 3 years. It was determined on this basis, that 96 plant foods and plant food products were consumed. The own dietary database of polyphenol contents in food was used to calculate polyphenol intakes in the subjects. The daily total polyphenol intakes were calculated for both genders in individual age categories: 20–40 years, 41–60 years and 61–74 years.ResultsThe average polyphenol consumption for the men was 1172 mg/day, and for the women it made 1031 mg/day. Plant food categories such as beverages, vegetables, fruits and cereals were found to be significant sources of polyphenols, of which tea, coffee, potatoes, apples and white bread were the main contributors.ConclusionsThe amount of polyphenol consumption in Polish adult population is similar to the polyphenol intake in other countries populations, accounting roughly for 1g of polyphenols for both genders and different age groups. Patterns of polyphenol consumption, however, vary for genders and age groups. Polyphenols are characterized by a spectrum of antioxidant capabilities, therefore future studies should focus on dietary intakes of individual polyphenols.     

高通量测序技术分析肺结核患者PBMC基因表达谱差异

目的:应用Illumina高通量测序技术研究肺结核患者和健康人群PBMC基因表达谱差异,以寻找与肺结核发病相关的基因.方法:分离肺结核患者和健康人群PBMC,提取总RNA,并制备cDNA文库,通过接头序列固定在Flow cell上进行桥式PCR扩增,再用Illumina测序仪进行深度测序,结合生物信息方法分析两类人群基因表达谱的差异情况.结果:测序产生的原始数据经过滤、比对、注释后得到肺结核样本36 390类标签12 270个基因,正常对照样本35 009类标签12 244个基因.按照FDR≤0.001,l log2 Ratiol≥1筛选标准,筛选出3 097个差异基因,其中上调基因1 601个,下调基因1 469个.增大筛选标准至4倍,并对表达量进行控制,筛选出33个差异极显著基因,其中上调基因16个,下调基因17个.结论:差异基因大部分位于细胞内,起着连接功能(蛋白质连接),具有酶催化活性,在代谢中起着重要作用,并主要位于MAPK信号通路和趋化因子信号通路中.这些差异基因可以为今后肺结核领域筛选诊断标识和药物作用靶点做参考.     

Expression of metallothionein in ameloblastoma. A regulatory molecule?

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40 : 516–519 Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, exhibiting local invasiveness and high rate of recurrence. Metallothionein is a protein associated with tumorigenesis, serving as prognostic factor in different neoplasms. We are interested in mechanisms underlying ameloblastoma local invasiveness. Thus, we decided to analyze expression of metallothionein in this tumor. Materials and methods: An immunohistochemical evaluation of metallothionein in ameloblastoma was carried out. As control, we assessed expression of the same molecule in calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), a non‐invasive odontogenic neoplasm with ameloblastomatous epithelium. Results: We studied 12 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas. Metallothionein was observed in all samples. This molecule was observed in columnar cells in the periphery and in central polyhedral cells. CCOT (four cases) also showed the presence of metallothionein. Morphometry of stained areas showed that expression of metallothionein in ameloblastoma was significantly higher compared to CCOT (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This protein may have an impact on ameloblastoma behavior. Metallothionein would act as a zinc reservoir for important proteases related to ameloblastoma biology, such as MMPs. This protein could also display pro‐mitotic and anti‐apoptotic features in the tumor.     

Immediate function dental implants inserted with less than 30 N·cm of torque in full-arch maxillary rehabilitations using the All-on-4 concept: retrospective study

The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the short-term implant success rate and marginal bone loss in full-arch fixed prosthetic maxillary rehabilitations supported by implants in immediate function with the All-on-4 treatment concept placed with insertion torque of <30 N·cm or ≥30 N·cm. This study included 83 patients (69 female, 14 male) with 332 implants placed (120 inserted with <30 N·cm and 212 inserted with ≥30 N·cm) who were treated between January 2010 and March 2013. Outcome measures were implant success and marginal bone loss at 1 year of follow-up. Ten patients (12.0%; 13 implants inserted with <30 N·cm and 27 implants with ≥30 N·cm) were lost to follow-up. The cumulative implant success rate was 97.5% at the patient level, and 98.3% for implants inserted with <30 N·cm and 97.5% for implants inserted with ≥30 N·cm. The mean ± standard deviation marginal bone loss at 1 year was 1.14 ± 0.38 mm for implants inserted with <30 N·cm and 1.39 ± 0.49 mm for implants inserted with ≥30 N·cm (significant difference; P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). These results indicate that implants with insertion torques of <30 N·cm may render comparable success rates and marginal bone loss at 1 year compared to implants inserted with insertion torques of ≥30 N·cm.