ATP酶变化在1,2二氯乙烷致脑水肿过程中的作用研究

为探索Na+ K+ATP酶、Ca2 +、Mg2 +ATP酶在 1,2 -二氯乙烷 (1,2 DCE)致脑水肿过程中所起的作用 ,在复制脑水肿模型的基础上 ,检测受试动物脑组织中Na+ K+ATP酶、Ca2 +、Mg2 +ATP酶活力的变化。结果显示 ,随着染毒剂量的增加 ,Na+ K+ATP酶活力逐渐降低 ,最高剂量组与各组相比 ,具有显著性差异 ;Ca2 +、Mg2 +ATP酶活力显著下降 ,与其余各组相比 ,P <0 0 5。结果提示 :1,2 DCE引起了ATP酶活力的下降导致脑组织能量代谢障碍 ,从而可能引起“Ca2 +超载” ,ATP酶活力下降和“Ca2 +超载”可能是引起脑水肿的主要原因     

螺旋CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断及治疗中的应用兼与MR血管造影比较

目的探讨无创性的螺旋CT血管造影(SCTA)与MR血管造影(MRA)对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值以及对治疗的指导价值,并对两者作比较。方法28例病人同时行SCTA、MRA、DSA,以DSA作为金标准,对SCTA与MRA作比较。结果①23例行SCTA及时间飞跃法(TOF)MRA者,SCTA诊断脑动脉瘤的准确性高于TOFMRA(P<0.05)。②SCTA较TOFMRA测量脑动脉瘤的最大径准确性高(P<0.01),TOFMRA测量值常偏小。③SCTA测量的栓塞治疗最佳投照角度与DSA符合率94.7%。④动态增强(DCE)MRA的图像清晰度及价值与SCTA相似。结论SCTA对体积小、破裂出血的脑动脉瘤的诊断准确性以及对动脉瘤测量的精确性高于TOFMRA,SCTA可较准确地测量动脉瘤栓塞治疗的最佳投照角度,DECMRA是脑动脉瘤电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞术后随访的较好方法,DCEMRA的实用价值与SCTA相似。     

用热吸水链霉菌建立农民肺动物模型

热吸水链霉菌是从农民肺死者家中的稻草中分离出来的,但其是否为农民肺的病因未见报道。本实验用此菌在家兔体内复制成了农民肺模型,观察和初步探讨其血清免疫学和组织免疫学的变化和意义,证实热吸水链霉菌可以引起与人的农民肺相似的外源性过敏性肺泡炎的病变。     

心理测验学技术发展史(述评)

目的 通过心理测量学技术的发展史回顾与评价，为心理量表的修订和研制提供理论依据。方法 文献法与临床经验法相结合。结果 心理量表的技术发展有3条线索．一是评定法、二是作业量表法、三是问卷法。3种技术都可用于人格、智能、症状、人才选拔等不同目的，但各有各的优势和弱势。结论 心理测量是有用但又不易掌握的行为技术．心理学家在使用和评价或研制心理量表的同时，要注意自己知识结构可能有盲区无法超越。观察法是比较低级的方法．后来发展为评定法在精神科还大有用处。问卷法对多数人格测验是有效的，但要测量症状还需结合校标法．避免采用因素分析法。     

护生职业成熟度测量维度的构建

我国高等护理教育发展历史较短,护理学科尚处于快速发展期,传统观念、职业现状和学生自身心理状态等因素均可能影响学生职业角色化过程,影响其职业成熟度.护生职业成熟度关系到护生人才培养的百年大计,需要得到护理教育者的关注.为不断提高护生的职业教育水平,本研究尝试引入职业成熟度作为护生职业发展水平的评估标准,借鉴国内外学生职业成熟度量表,结合护士职业的性质和护生的职业心理现状,构建符合国情的护生职业成熟度的评价指标.     

食管癌术后纵隔转移的放射治疗

目的：评价食管癌术后出现纵隔转移致上腔静脉综合症及呼吸道梗阻的放射治疗的价值。材料与方法：１９９８年１月至１９９９年７月共收治了３２例食管癌要治术后出现纵隔转移行放射治疗而缓解，剂量４０￣６０Ｇｙ。结果：全部患者症状获得了暂时缓解。结论：（１）食管癌术后纵隔转移放疗是主要的、有效的治疗手段之一。经治疗仍可缓解症状，提高生存质量、延长生存期。（２）较早期食管癌根治术后，应常规行“预防性”放射治疗。     

恶性外周原始神经外胚层瘤免疫组织化学研究

目的　探讨恶性外周原始神经外胚层瘤 (PNET)的临床病理学特征和意义。方法　采用光镜和免疫组织化学 Dako Envision二步法 ,对 14例外周 PNET进行观察。结果　光镜下肿瘤组织由小圆形细胞构成 ,有 Homer- Wright(H- W)菊心团的排列 ;免疫组织化学标记 14例均有肿瘤细胞膜 CD99(MIC2 )强阳性及肿瘤细胞质 NSE强阳性。并有其他不同神经标记的表达 ,如 Cg A,Syn,MBP,部分病例有 Vim和 S- 10 0的阳性表达。结论　原始神经外胚层瘤 (PNET)是一种高度恶性的小圆形细胞肿瘤 ,诊断与其他骨与软组织的小圆细胞类肿瘤的鉴别诊断具有一定意义 ,PNET的治疗效果与方法仍有待探讨     

形态计量学在临床病理学研究中的应用

随着科学技术的发展和测试手段的改进 ,形态计量学得到了深化和发展 ,它已被广泛应用于临床病理研究工作 ,其中包括对非肿瘤病变与肿瘤病变、良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断、对肿瘤恶性程度的分级、检查癌前病变及判断肿瘤的愈后及疗效等 ,其所研究的水平由组织、细胞水平向亚细胞和分子水平深入。近年来 ,有许多资料报道了用形态计量学和体视学的方法 ,研究大肠、胃、肝、肾、膀胱、子宫、甲状腺等器官的肿瘤 ,以找出反映病变特征的定量指标 ,来定量揭示正常和病变组织的形态结构、特征和机能间的关系。形态计量学具有客观性强 ,重复性好 ,能精确地以定量方式表达存在于组织中的各种信息等优点 ,因此对临床病理学研究有重要意义。     

Vojta and Bobath combined treatment for high risk infants with brain damage at early period

BACKGROUND: In the process of early screening and interventions to high risk infants with brain damage, the occasion and choosing methods of interventions and the combined application of different interventions are still at the exploratory phase. OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of early intervention using Vojta and Bobath combined treatment in high risk infants with brain damage, and investigate the effect of early rehabilitation on the prognosis. DESIGN: A randomized controlled comparative observation. SETTING: Daqing Oil Field General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-four high risk infants younger than 1 year were selected from the Department of Pediatrics, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province from October 2005 to October 2006, including 52 boys (62%) and 32 girls (38%). The treatment started at the age of 0–3 months in 11 cases (13%), 4–6 months in 28 cases (33%), 7–9 months in 35 cases (42%), and 10–12 months in 10 cases (12%). Infants with at least two of the followings were enrolled, including 7 Vojta abnormal postural reflexes, slow or disorder of motor development, increase of muscular tension, postural abnormality, primary reflection residual and CT/MRI abnormalities. Informed consents were obtained from their guardians. The 84 infants were randomly divided into treatment group (n =42) and control group (n =42). METHODS: All the children were intravenously injected with cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection or cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection, 10 times as a course for 2–5 courses; Besides, the infants in the treatment group also received early rehabilitative training of Vojta and Bobath combined treatment, once a day, 40 minutes per time, 5 times a week followed by a 2-day rest, 1 month as a course, and totally 2–5 courses. The Vojta method was to facilitate the automatic regulation by reflexlocomotion. Bobath method was to inhibit abnormal posture but facilitate the normal one, thus it is also called neurodevelopmental therapy realized by reflex inhibition and facilitation. The rehabilitation was evaluated clinically using Gesell Development Schedules (GDS) after the courses when the infants were 1 year old. GDS included five aspects of adaptive behavior, gross motor, refine motor, speech, individual-social behavior. The developmental quotient (DQ) could be calculated according to their development. DQ=developmental age/actual age×100, < 85 points was taken as abnormal; The higher the DQ value, the better the development. ② Evaluation of efficacy: Cured: Developmental order reached normal or generally normal, abnormal posture disappeared, muscular tension ameliorated, symmetric limbs' motor function, free movement, normal intelligence, powerful reaction, and clear speech. Significant effect: Developmental order tended to normal, abnormal posture disappeared incompletely, muscular tension ameliorated incompletely, transient pause in the flexion and extension of limbs, good reaction, and improved intelligence. Effective: Developmental order improved to a certain degree, muscular tension ameliorated, limbs' motor function and posture improved as compared with before treatment, but still under control, intelligence improved a little. Invalid: No obvious changes before and after treatment. Total significant effective rate=(cured cases+cases of significant effect)/total cases×100%. ③ The enumeration data and measurement data were compared with chi-square test and t test respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical efficacy and GDS results at 1 year old in both groups. RESUTLS: All the 84 infants were involved in the analysis of results. ① Efficacy: The total significant effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (93%, 74%, χ2=4.2, P < 0.05). ② Results of GDS evaluation: The DQ values of individual intercourse and social adaptation in the treatment group (93.57±11.23, 95.13±9.32) were higher than those in the control group (88.27±10.18, 90.10±10.67, t =2.267, 2.301, P < 0.05); The DQ values of gross motor, fine motor and speech in the treatment group (90.78±10.20, 98.63±9.23, 93.69±11.31) were higher than those in the control group (84.32±11.33, 87.80±8.61, 85.52±10.61, t =2.746, 5.560, 2.746, P < 0.01). The interventional effects on each functional area were significant, especially the gross motor, fine motor and speech. CONCLUSION: The Vojta and Bobath combined treatment on the basis of drug therapy can improve the general developments of abilities in motor, intelligence, social intercourse, social adaptation and speech of high risk infants with brain damage, also can improve the curative efficacy.     

Gastrodin protects neonatal rat brain against hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Acute therapeutic drug effects

BACKGROUND:Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that gastrodin has a protective effect on neonatal rat brain subjected to hypoxia-ischemia; however,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the acute therapeutic effects of gastrodin by observing prostaglandin B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 a in brain issue of neonatal rats that received gastrodin injections immediately after hypoxia-ischemia.DESIGN:Single-factor design.SETTING:Department of Pediatrics,Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University. MATERIALS:This study was performed in the Laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics,Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University(key laboratory of provincial Health Department)from April to December 2003.Fifty-five Wistar rats of either gender,aged 7 days,were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University.The rats were randomly divided into normal control(n＝10), model(n＝15),gastrodin-treated(n＝15),and Danshen-treated(n＝15)groups.The protocol was performed in accordance with guidelines from the Institute of Health Sciences for the use and care of animals.The following reagents were.used:Gastrodin(Sancai Medicine Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhongshan,Guangdong Province,China;component:gastrodin),Danshen(Conba Stock Company,Jinhua,Zhengjiang Province,China; component:salvia miltiorrhiza),and reagent kits for 125I-prostaglandin B2 and 125I-6-prostaglandin F 1 a (Research and Development Center for Science and Technology,General Hospital of Chinese PLA). METHODS:Rats in the normal control group received no treatment.Rats in the remaining 3 groups were anesthetized,followed by ligation of the left common carotid artery.One hour later,the rats were placed in a closed hypoxic box and allowed to inhale 8% oxygen-air(2.0-3.0 L/min)for 2 hours to develop hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Immediately after lesion,rats in the gastrodin and Danshen-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1 g gastrodin(10 mL/kg)and 15 g Danshen(15 mL/kg),respectively.MAIN OUTCOME EASURES:Forty-eight hours after lesion,the left brain hemisphere was removed and homogenized to test the levels of prostaglandin B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 a by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:Forty successfully lesioned neonatal rats from the model,gastrodin-treated,and Danshen-treated groups,and ten rats from the control group,were included in the final analysis.Levels of prostaglandin B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 a in brain tissue of neonatal rats were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group(both P＜0.01).Levels of prostaglandin B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 a were significantly lower in the gastrodin-treated and the Danshen-treated groups compared to the model group(all P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in levels of prostaglandin B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 a between the gastrodin-treated and the Danshen-treated groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Gastrodin decreased prostaglandin and thromboxan levels in neonatal rat brains subjected to hypoxia-ischemia.