First-Principles Study of Silicon–Tin Alloys as a High-Temperature Thermoelectric Material

Silicon–germanium (SiGe) alloys have sparked a great deal of attention due to their exceptional high-temperature thermoelectric properties. Significant effort has been expended in the quest for high-temperature thermoelectric materials. Combining density functional theory and electron–phonon coupling theory, it was discovered that silicon–tin (SiSn) alloys have remarkable high-temperature thermoelectric performance. SiSn alloys have a figure of merit above 2.0 at 800 K, resulting from their high conduction band convergence and low lattice thermal conductivity. Further evaluations reveal that Si_0.75Sn_0.25 is the best choice for developing the optimum ratio as a thermoelectric material. These findings will provide a basis for further studies on SiSn alloys as a potential new class of high-performance thermoelectric materials.     

Impact of National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy on Antiviral Utilization and Expenditure for Hepatitis B in China

Background and AimsThe National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) policy was launched in mainland China in April 2019, with entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) being included in the procurement list. We conducted the current study to investigate the impact of the NCDP policy on the utilization and expenditures of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China.MethodsProcurement records, including monthly purchase volume, expenditure, and price of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs), were derived from the National Healthcare Security Administration from April 2018 to March 2021. The changes in volumes and expenditures of the first-line NAs and bid-winning products were calculated. The effects of price, volume, and structure related to drug expenditure were calculated by the Addis and Magrini (AM) Index System Analysis.ResultsThe purchase volume of NAs significantly increased from 134.3 to 318.3 million DDDs, whereas the expenditure sharply decreased from 1,623.41 to 490.43 million renminbi (RMB) or 241.94 to 73.09 million US dollars (USD). The proportions of first-line NAs rose from 72.51% (ETV: 69.00%, TDF: 3.51%) to 94.97% (ETV: 77.42%, TDF: 17.55%). AM analysis showed that the NCDP policy decreased the expenditure of all NAs (S=0.91) but increased that of the first-line NAs in the bid-winning list (S=1.13). Assuming the population size of CHB patients remains stable and a compliance rate of ≥75%, the proportion of CHB patients receiving first-line antiviral therapy would increase from 6.36–8.48% to 11.56–15.41%.ConclusionsThe implementation of the NCDP policy significantly increased the utilization of first-line NAs for CHB patients at a lower expenditure. The findings provided evidence for optimizing antiviral therapy strategy and allocating medical resources in China.     

利用LIS监管及优化检验流程

本文利用条形码技术建立＂无纸化＂检验流程,设置流程监控节点,用实验室信息系统（LIS）的回报时间（TAT）分析功能对流程进行评测。研究显示LIS可以有效地对检验流程进行监管和优化。     

血清proGRP、Ctn、CEA在甲状腺髓样癌鉴别诊断和预测颈侧区淋巴结转移中的价值

目的:研究术前血清胃泌素释放肽前体(proGRP)、降钙素(Ctn)和癌胚抗原(CEA)在甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)鉴别诊断和预测颈侧区淋巴结转移中的价值。方法:选取41例MTC(有颈侧区淋巴结转移者22例,无转移者19例)患者(MTC组)和50例分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者(DTC组)。比较两组术前血清proGRP、 Ctn和CEA水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清proGRP、 Ctn和CEA诊断MTC及判断MTC患者颈侧区淋巴结转移的价值。结果:MTC组术前血清proGRP、 Ctn和CEA水平均高于DTC组,有颈侧区淋巴结转移的MTC患者高于无转移患者(P<0.001)。术前血清proGRP、 Ctn和CEA单独诊断MTC的截断值[AUC(95%CI)]分别为105.00 ng/L[0.927(0.866～0.988)]、124.02 ng/L[0.958(0.914～1.000)]和8.49μg/L[0.887(0.807～0.967)],敏感度分别为87.8%、90.2%、82.9%,特异度分别为92.0%、100.0%、96.0%。proGRP与Ctn联合诊...     

聚焦解决模式对青年乳腺癌患者术后焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的深入了解聚焦解决模式对青年乳腺癌患者术后焦虑抑郁情绪的影响,并进一步探索其原因,为聚焦解决模式干预内容的完善提供依据。方法将青年乳腺癌患者150例随机分为观察组和对照组各75例,对照组给予一般的健康教育和指导,观察组在此基础上依据聚焦解决模式5个步骤进行健康教育。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行评定;根据评定结果,对观察组中仍伴有焦虑、抑郁的患者进行深入访谈,运用Colaizzi资料分析原则对资料进行整理分析,提炼主题。结果干预前两组SAS、SDS状况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组SAS、SDS状况比较,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对10例经聚焦解决模式干预后仍有负性情绪的患者深入访谈,得出患者产生负性情绪的因素:对疾病的不确定感,自我概念的改变,社会适应能力的改变。结论对青年乳腺癌患者进行聚焦解决模式干预,应根据患者负性情绪状况随时调整干预内容和干预策略,并针对患者的负性情绪给予有效的情感支持。     

Modified Chevron Osteotomy with Distal Soft Tissue Release for Treating Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Minimal Clinical Important Difference Values Study

ObjectiveTo explore whether modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release would correct moderate to severe HV deformity and what is the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) for objective and subjective evaluating parameters.MethodsFrom March 2018 to January 2019, 40 hallux valgus patients (including moderate to severe) were enrolled in this retrospective study. The cohort included four males and 36 females. The average age at surgery was 50.95 (range 22–75) years. All patients underwent modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release and completed at least one follow‐up at clinic. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle forefoot score (AOFAS, forefoot), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Foot Function Index (FFI) were all collected before and after surgery. Besides, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1st–2nd intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were measured both before surgery and at last follow‐up. All MCID values were calculated by employing distribution‐based method.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (92.5%) showed satisfied result at a mean 14.3‐month follow‐up (range 13–22 month). Two patients complained about residual pain at the bunion, and overcorrection (hallux varus) occurred in one patient. Meanwhile, no patient observed nonunion. Being female, age more than 60, residual HVA deformity (>15°), and post IMA more than 9° showed no statistical relationship with the post‐operation residual pain (P > 0.05). However, high VAS score before surgery (more than 7) showed strong correlation with residual pain (P < 0.01). The subjective MCID value was 9.50 for AOFAS, 18.92 for FFI, and 1.27 for VAS, respectively.ConclusionThe modified Chevron osteotomy together with distal soft tissue release could achieve a satisfied result for moderate to severe HV deformity at early follow‐up. The residual pain was associated with severe pain before surgery (VAS more than 7).

This study aimed to explore:

1. The clinical result of Chevron osteotomy combined with distal soft tissue release for moderate to severe HV patients;
2. The actual subjective MCID values (derived from Patient Reported Outcomes) of AOFAS, VAS, and FFI of HV patients who underwent such a procedure;
3. The objective (detected from measurements) MCID values of hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1st–2nd intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA).

The retrospective study aimed to provide more options for surgeons when selecting proper procedure for treating moderate to severe HA patients.     

软腭骨瘤1例报告及文献复习

骨瘤是常见的由分化成熟的骨组织构成的良性肿瘤,多来源于邻近骨质,发生于骨膜内层骨母细胞,由成骨性纤维组织、成骨细胞及所产生的新生骨组成。发生于口腔软组织的骨瘤极为罕见,作者报道1例软腭骨瘤病例,结合有关文献对其组织来源、病理分型、鉴别诊断和治疗等进行了讨论。     

临床实践指南可实施性框架/模型的范围综述

目的 对国内外临床实践指南可实施性评估的框架或模型进行系统梳理,为国内指南的制定以及实施提供方法和借鉴。方法 系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、BMJ Best Practice、UptoDate、the Cochrane Library、医脉通、美国指南网(NGC)及英国国家临床医学研究所指南库(NICE)并补充检索Shiffman RN及Gagliardi AR的文献,检索时限为2012年1月1日至2023年8月31日。结果 最终纳入26篇全文文献,8篇关于框架/模型的内容介绍,18篇关于框架/模型的临床应用。纳入6个框架/模型分别是：指南可实施性概念框架、指南实施模型(GUIDE-IT)、指南可实施性评价模型(GLIA)、指南可实施性决策卓越模型(GUIDE-M)、指南语言和格式模型(GLAFI)、指南实施计划清单。结论 在指南的制定与实施中,应用合理的框架或模型可提高指南实施的有效率。指南可实施性框架或模型需要在全面性和实施之间取得平衡,未来还需验证和完善现有工具。专业的实施研究...     

Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from several large clinical trials

Heart failure coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the clinical treatment and prognosis. At present, the treatment for patients with established heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually combined with two treatment strategies for heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, increasing studies showed that empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, has a positive effect on the treatment of patients with established heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we summarize the latest and current understanding of the management for patients with established heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus and further present contemporary treatment options, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, for these particular populations.     

分层规范化培训对医院护士价值和能力的影响

护士是医院医疗工作开展的重要组成部分,对医疗水平的提高有着关键性的意义。护士作为一种职业,是一种活到老学到老的过程,不断的学习是保持进步的必然要求。培训是护士学习和进一步的主要途径,可为护士素质和能力的提升提供重要的保障。分层规范化培训是一种常见的医学从业人员培训模式,是培养优质医学人才的基础,近年来在医院护士的培训中也广泛应用,受到了医疗机构的高度关注和认可。自我价值实现是护士获得从业自信和效能感的重要表现,对护士工作的积极性和主动性有着极大的影响。执业能力的增强与否,关系到护士是否可顺利开展护理工作,体现了对护士自身综合素质的影响。因此,对于分层规范化培训而言,必须能够在护士自我价值实现和执业能力方面有所建树。本研究针对分层规范化培训对医院护士自我价值实现及执业能力的影响进行研究,从分层规范化培训的定义和形式,分层规范化培训可促进护士自我价值的实现和增强执业能力进行了具体的分析,并提出了几点分层规范化培训开展的策略,希望能够为相关研究和实践提供理论参考。