心房颤动的药物治疗

心房纤颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床最常见的心律失常之一.国外文献报道,一般群体内有2%的发作趋势,在40岁以下人群发病率为0.20～0.30%,随年龄增长发病率升高,65岁以上发病率为5.00～9.00%.     

上海世博会园区内伤害流行病学特征分析

[目的]了解中国2010年上海世博会（简称“上海世博会”）园区内伤害流行病学特征。[方法]利用“中国2010年上海世界博览会园区内就诊异常情况监测和报告系统”（后称“就诊监测报告系统”）,观察上海世博会园区内伤害病例,对其伤害原因、伤害性质等流行病学特征进行调查分析。[结果]从2010年5月1日至10月31日,伤害监测系统共收集12505例伤害病例。5月份游客伤害发生率最高（月均3．01／万）,在世博局采取健康宣教以及改善园区内设施等一系列干预措施后,游客伤害发生率逐步下降,从5月初的4．50／万降低到最后一周的0．80／万。伤害分别是≥65岁和0～14岁游客的第1和第3位就诊原因。游客的主要伤害原因是跌倒和坠落。但是园区内最主要的伤害性质是挫伤和擦伤。[结论]上海世博会园区内伤害发生特征表明,在大型活动中,及时进行健康干预能有效地降低伤害的发生。     

Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder

ContextValerian extract capsule (VEC) is an effective Chinese patent medicine used for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the detailed pharmacological activity for VEC clinical effects in GI diseases.Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, model, and drug-treated (VEC-L, VEC-M, VEC-H, and teprenone). Rats were orally administered VEC (124, 248, 496 mg/kg) and teprenone (21.43 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. After 1 h, the five groups (except the control group) were orally given ethanol (10 mL/kg) for 1 h or indomethacin (80 mg/kg) for 7 h. The spasmolytic activity of VEC (0.01–1 mg/mL) on ACh/BaCl₂-induced New Zealand rabbit smooth muscle contraction was performed. The C57BL/6 mice carbon propelling test evaluated the effects of VEC (248–992 mg/kg) on intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.ResultsCompared with the model group, VEC treatment reduced the gastric lesion index and mucosal damage. Further experiments showed that the pathological ameliorative effect of VEC was accompanied by augmentation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and cytoprotective marker (COX-1, p < 0.01; PGI2 p < 0.05;), along with the alleviation of the levels of MPO (ethanol: 15.56 ± 0.82 vs. 12.15 ± 2.60, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 9.65 ± 3.06 vs. 6.36 ± 2.43, p < 0.05), MDA (ethanol: 1.66 ± 0.44 vs. 0.81 ± 0.58, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 1.71 ± 0.87 vs. 1.09 ± 0.43, p < 0.05), and inflammatory mediators. VEC decreased the high tone induced by ACh/BaCl₂ and promoted intestinal transit in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.Discussion and conclusionsVEC showed a potential gastroprotective effect, suggesting that VEC is a promising phytomedicine for the treatment of GI diseases.     

标准牙冠和桥体数据库的建立

目的：开发口腔修复CAD／CAM系统中标准牙冠和桥体数据库原型系统,帮助口腔医生快速获得牙冠设计的数据模板,为高效地设计牙冠模型作准备。方法：首先,利用AtosⅡ激光测量设备,采集28颗标准冠/桥石膏模型（1：1）的三维数据;然后,采用细分曲面逼近的方法重构标准冠/桥的数据模型;最后,设计标准彤桥数据库的多层数据存储和管理结构,采用VC＋4-6、0和Hoops图形库开发了标准冠／桥数据库系统原型。结果：标准冠／桥体数据库原型系统的构建符合设计要求,能够作为后续牙冠设计的数据模板。结论：所建立的标准冠／桥数据库高效、精确、可靠,可用于开发国产口腔修复CAD／CAM系统。     

Epworth量表在飞行人员睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查中的应用价值

目的评价Epworth嗜睡评价量表(ESS)在飞行人员睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)流行病学调查中的应用价值。方法采用整群抽样法,对1200名飞行人员进行ESS量表及问卷调查,有效率为88.8%。对打鼾者和(或)Epworth量表(ESS)评分≥9分者,随机检测夜间脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),对氧减饱和指数(ODI)≥10次/h者,行整夜多导睡眠图(PSG)监测。临床可疑SAHS者,直接行PSG监测。结果保守估计飞行人员SAHS的患病率为0.8%。ESS均值在不打鼾、单纯鼾症及SAHS三组之间呈逐渐增高趋势,各组间有显著性差异。按ESS评分<9分和≥9分分组,各组构成比有显著性差异,ODI结果亦有显著差异(P均<0.001)。在AHI<5次/h和≥5次/h两组间,ESS评分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论ESS量表在飞行人员SAHS流行病学调查中具有初筛作用,在SAHS诊断、判断严重程度及治疗效果方面具有一定预测作用。但对飞行人员等特殊职业人群SAHS的筛查可能存在一定局限性,建议补充、限定,提高应用价值。     

Catalyst-free reductive cyclization of bis(2-aminophenyl) disulfide with CO2 in the presence of BH3NH3 to synthesize 2-unsubstituted benzothiazole derivatives

An efficient and catalyst-free methodology for the reductive cyclization of various disulfides using BH₃NH₃ as a reductant and CO₂ as a C1 resource was developed. The desired 2-unsubstituted benzothiazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields. Moreover, mechanism investigation demonstrated that BH₃NH₃ played an important role in the formation of benzothiazole. As a reducing agent, BH₃NH₃ reduced CO₂ and cleaved the S–S bond of the disulfide efficiently. In addition, the N–H bond of the amino group was also activated by BH₃NH₃. To the best of our knowledge, this is an unprecedented catalyst-free protocol for the synthesis of 2-unsubstituted benzothiazole from bis(2-aminophenyl) disulfide and CO₂.

An efficient and catalyst-free methodology for the reductive cyclization of various disulfides using BH₃NH₃ as a reductant and CO₂ as a C1 resource was developed.     

营养素摄入水平与前列腺癌发病因素的相关分析

目的:探讨营养素摄入水平与前列腺癌发病危险的关系。方法:对经病理组织学确诊的96例前列腺癌新发病例实施1∶3配比的病例-对照研究。三类对照共计288例(其中医院癌对照96例,医院非癌对照96例,正常对照96例)。配比条件为同性别、同民族和年龄相差≤±5岁。结果:经条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,总热量(OR值1.22~2.06,P值分别为0.78、0.04和0.032)、总脂肪(OR值1.06~1.89,P值分别为0.98、0.021和0.019)、饱和脂肪酸(OR值1.08~1.79,P值分别为0.92、0.023和0.032)、不饱和脂肪酸(OR值1.07~2.81,P值分别为0.88、0.027和0.007 1)以及动物脂肪(OR值1.14~2.56,P值分别为0.87、0.047和0.008)与前列腺癌发病危险呈正相关;硒与前列腺癌发病危险呈负相关(OR值0.57~0.84,P值分别为0.84、0.031和0.030)。总热量、总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、动物脂肪与前列腺癌发病存在一定的剂量反应关系。结论:营养素摄入过程中的高脂和微量元素硒缺乏与前列腺癌发病危险存在关联。     

Study on Toughening and Temperature Sensitivity of Polyurethane Cement (PUC)

Polyurethane cement (PUC) is now commonly used in the reinforcement of old bridges, which exhibit various issues such as poor toughness, temperature-sensitive mechanical properties, and brittle failure. These problems can lead to the failure of the reinforcement effect of the PUC on old bridges in certain operating environments, leading to the collapse of such reinforced bridges. In order to alleviate these shortcomings, in this study, the toughness of PUC is improved by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber. In addition, we study the change law of the flexural strength of PUC between −40 °C and +40 °C. The control parameters evaluated are fiber type, fiber volume ratio, and temperature. A series of flexural tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test results show that the flexural strength first increases and then decreases with the increase in the volume-doping ratio of the three fibers. The optimum volume-mixing ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber are 0.3%, 0.04% and 1%, respectively. Excessive addition of fiber will affect the operability and will adversely affect the mechanical properties. The flexural strength of both fiber-reinforced and control samples decreases with increasing temperature. Using the flexural test results, a two-factor (fiber content, temperature) BP neural network flexural strength prediction model is established. It is verified that the model is effective and accurate, and the experimental value and the predicted value are in good agreement.     

神经内科门诊患者焦虑障碍、睡眠障碍与应对方式的关系

目的 调查神经内科门诊患者焦虑障碍与睡眠障碍之间的关系,并探讨应对方式在二者之间的潜在中介作用。方法 以2019年1—12月该院就诊的102例神经内科门诊患者为研究对象。分别采用综合医院用焦虑量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数问卷和应对方式问卷评估患者的焦虑障碍、睡眠障碍与应对方式。结果 焦虑障碍与睡眠障碍呈正相关(r=0.592,P=0.003)。多元线性回归分析显示,成熟应对方式如问题解决(β=—0.493,P=0.002)与混合应对方式如合理化(β=—0.336,P=0.021)对睡眠障碍与焦虑障碍的关系具有负向预测作用,而不成熟应对方式如幻想(β=0.237,P=0.041)、退避(β=0.223,P=0.040)对睡眠障碍与焦虑障碍的关系具有正向预测作用。结论 有效应对方式能够缓解焦虑障碍对睡眠障碍的负面影响。     

Study on the Conventional Performance and Microscopic Properties of PPA/SBS-Modified Bio-Mixed Asphalt

To promote the construction of environmentally friendly, sustainable pavements and solve the impact of the scarcity of asphalt resources on highway development, bio-mixed asphalt (BMA) modified by SBS and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was prepared, and the influence of the ratio of bio-asphalt (BA) replacing petroleum asphalt on different PPA/SBS blending schemes was explored through conventional property tests. According to each PPA/SBS blending scheme, the optimal replacement ratio of bio-asphalt was optimized, and the microstructure and distribution morphology of different PPA/SBS-modified BMA were evaluated. Conventional property test results show that with the same PPA/SBS content, the replacement ratio of bio-asphalt has a significant impact on the conventional performance of composite-modified asphalt, but the appropriate replacement ratio of bio-asphalt can improve the storage stability and conventional performance of composite-modified asphalt; in micromorphological analysis, it was found that the number of bee-like structures on the surface of the modified BMA decreased significantly, which indicated that the molecular heterogeneity of various components in the asphalt was reduced. In addition, bio-asphalt changed the particle morphology and improved the dispersity of SBS in asphalt. The composite-modified BMA had a lower SBS content, but its conventional performance was still excellent—so it has significant application prospects in road engineering.