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51.
Himanshu Nayak Rajendra Gadhavi Bhavin Solanki Bhagyalaxmi Aroor Hemant Gameti Kalpita S Shringarpure Jayun Joshi Zuveriya Kazi 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2022,100(8):484
ObjectiveTo implement a community-based screening and awareness-raising project for gestational diabetes in Ahmedabad, India.MethodsThe project took place between April 2016 and August 2019 in Ahmedabad. Medical college faculty members and medical officers trained 3582 paramedical staff on screening for gestational diabetes. These paramedical staff tested all pregnant women 24–28 weeks gestation, who were attending village health and nutrition days – also called mamta days – in urban and rural health centres for routine antenatal care, for gestational diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test was used and blood sugar ≥ 7.8 mmol/L was the cut-off for gestational diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes were referred for counselling and treatment and all women were followed until 6 weeks after delivery.FindingsOf 53 522 pregnant women screened, 6786 (12.7%) had gestational diabetes and were referred for nutritional therapy or medication; 836 (12.3%) of these women started medication. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of stillbirths between women with gestational diabetes (0.8%; 54/6786) and women without (0.7%; 338/46 736; P-value: 0.51). Of the women on treatment, 38 had abnormal blood glucose after delivery and continued with the medication. Two women with gestational diabetes died; they had other associated co-morbidities – pre-eclampsia and anaemia.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of gestational diabetes, indicating the need for gestational diabetes screening and implementation of this project on a larger scale. Gestational diabetes screening at the community level is operationally feasible using the existing human resources and infrastructure of the reproductive health programmes. 相似文献
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Prajakta Paritekar Akshay Nayak Y Umesh Indrani Sirivella Sharanya Manoharan Zain Khatib 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2022,70(4):1203
Purpose:To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes.Methods:This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care eye hospital. Data from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implantation were obtained from Lenstar and electronic medical records. Eyes were divided into subgroups based on axial length (AL) as short (<22.0 mm), medium (22–24 mm), and long (>24 mm). The predicted refractive outcome for each patient was calculated after optimizing the lens constant. Prediction error was calculated by subtracting the predicted spherical equivalent from achieved spherical equivalent 1 week post-surgery. The mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) and percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 D were calculated for each formula. Friedman test, Cochrane Q test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Out of the 350 eyes included in the study, we found that without lens constant optimization, Barrett formula performed better than SRK/T and Kane (P < 0.0001). Over the entire range of axial lengths, Kane formula performed slightly inferior compared to Barrett and SRK-T, both of which performed equally well (P = 0.006). On subgroup analysis, Kane formula performed inferiorly for medium eyes as compared to the other two. No significant differences were noted between the formulae for short and long eyesConclusion:Kane formula did not outperform Barrett Universal II and SRK/T in Indian eyes. 相似文献
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Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Twenty years after the onset of diabetes, almost all patients with type 1 diabetes and over 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes will have some degree of retinopathy. Prolonged diabetes retinopathy leads to maculopathy, which impairs the normal vision depending on the severity of damage of the macula. This paper presents a computer-based intelligent system for the identification of clinically significant maculopathy, non-clinically significant maculopathy and normal fundus eye images. Features are extracted from these raw fundus images which are then fed to the classifier. Our protocol uses feed-forward architecture in an artificial neural network classifier for classification of different stages. Three different kinds of eye disease conditions were tested in 350 subjects. We demonstrated a sensitivity of more than 95% for these classifiers with a specificity of 100%, and results are very promising. Our systems are ready to run clinically on large amounts of datasets. 相似文献
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Knowledge,attitude and practice among Health Visitors in the United Kingdom toward children's oral health
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60.
Cerebellum is unique in restraining amyloid-induced neurodegenerative changes. Amyloidosis and oxidant imbalance is common
in aluminum exposure. Interestingly, aluminum itself does not pose any redox activity still it is associated with oxidant
imbalance, and, it can aggravate the situation of already existing oxidant threat. Male rats were exposed to aluminum for
4 weeks along with exposure to 4 different doses of ethanol. After the treatment period, cerebellar level of protein, reduced
glutathione (GSH), lipid perioxidation (TBARS) were measured. Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
reductase (GR) and glutathione perioxidase (GPx) were also estimated from the homogenized cerebellar tissue. In the present
regimen of aluminum exposure, the cerebellum has shown significant reduction only in GPx activity. However, when aluminum
was coexposed with ethanol, it contributed significantly to increase the cerebellar oxidant imbalance by (a) compromising
the GSH restoration system, (b) reducing enzymatic peroxide scavenging system of cerebellum, (c) restricting the capability
to cope with oxidative stress, as well as (d) downgrading the resistance to oxidative damage in response to chemical stress.
Present study demonstrates that coexposure of aluminum with pro-oxidant favored development of aluminum-induced oxidative
stress in cerebellum. These observations enlighten the role of pro-oxidants in the process of oxidative degeneration of cerebellum.
With further studies, the present observation can be useful to understand the mechanism of neurodegenerative disorders and
ways to ameliorate them. 相似文献