佐剂性关节炎模型关节液与血清白细胞介素17及肿瘤坏死因子α表达及青蒿琥酯的干预

背景：已证实青蒿琥酯具有抗风湿作用,但其具体作用机制尚不明确。 目的：探讨青蒿琥酯对佐剂性关节炎模型兔关节液及血清中白细胞介素17及肿瘤坏死因子α表达的影响。 方法：建立佐剂性关节炎实验兔模型,造模诱发第1天,青蒿琥酯组按20 mg/(kg•d)灌服青蒿琥酯7 d,羟氯喹组按5 mg/(kg•d)灌服羟氯喹7 d,模型对照组灌服生理盐水3 mL/d。另取10只未经干预的大耳白兔作为正常对照组。分别于造模结束时及给药5周后,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组关节液及血清中白细胞介素17及肿瘤坏死因子α的水平。 结果与结论：青蒿琥酯组、羟氯喹组关节炎症状得到明显改善,关节液及血清中的白细胞介素17、肿瘤坏死因子α质量浓度均明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),且青蒿琥酯组降低幅度明显大于羟氯喹组(P < 0.05)。提示青蒿琥酯可能通过抑制白细胞介素17及肿瘤坏死因子α的分泌而产生免疫调节作用,其抗炎疗效优于羟氯喹。     

Host-Species Variation and Environment Influence Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin Levels in Chinese Oxytropis Species

Oxytropis plants are widely distributed in the grasslands in northern China. Some Oxytropis species have been reported to contain the mycotoxin swainsonine, an alkaloid which causes poisoning in livestock, referred to as locoism. Previous studies showed that endophytic fungi (Alternaria oxytropis) symbiotically associate with these Oxytropis species to produce swainsonine. However, the influence of variation within the Oxytropis genus on the fixation or loss of symbiosis and toxicity is poorly understood, as is the influence of environmental factors. Here we used a collection of 17 common Oxytropis species sampled in northern China to assess genetic diversity using genotyping by sequencing which was compared with the levels of the endophyte and swainsonine. Results showed that nine Oxytropis species have detectable A. oxytropis colonisation, and seven Oxytropis species contain sufficient swainsonine to be considered poisonous, whereas the rest may be non-toxic. Species variation rather than the genetic lineage was associated with the fixation or loss of endophyte and swainsonine production, which appears to have resulted from genetic drift. Genotype × Environment (G × E) effects were also found to influence endophyte and swainsonine levels amongst species of the Oxytropis genus. Our study will provide a better understanding about the evolutionary basis of A. oxytropis symbiosis and swainsonine biosynthesis in locoweeds.     

住院医生规范化培训新形势下外科学学术型硕士研究生培养体会

住院医生规范化培训给外科学学术型硕士研究生教育带来新的问题.作为导师,应该指导学生认清学术型硕士研究生的优势和劣势,认真规划人生的方向.在研究生教育过程中,始终加强诚信建设,树立负责任的科研行为,培育良好的科研环境,加强实验能力和临床能力培养,为以后成为外科学研究型人才打下良好的基础.     

The dependence of the degree of visual fatigue on the shift duration in work with video terminals and an assessment of the efficacy of preventive measures]

Dynamic studies of visual capacity for work in individuals working with displays revealed decreased accommodation volume after the long concentration on the display. The total time of work with the display of more than 2h a day involved a decrease of the accommodation volume by 0.42-0.49 diopters and transitory myopia of 0.15-0.21 diopters, as well as increased self-appraisal of fatigue. The system of prophylactic measures including rest breaks, special exercises, massage was worked out and put into practice. Repeated study has proved the effectiveness of suggested measures.     

Estimation of the basic reproducibility number for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in two sites in northeastern Salta Province, Argentina

A SIR-type deterministic mathematical model for three hosts is applied to analyze the transmission process for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Río Blanco and Las Carmelitas, located in northeastern Salta Province, Argentina, and to derive the expression for the baseline reproducibility number Ro. The model is implemented in the MATLAB environment, and based on data from endemic areas, simulations are performed and numerical estimations of Ro are obtained. Río Blanco shows Ro = 4.689 and Las Carmelitas Ro = 1.948. By studying the model numerically, we also estimate the force of infection, namely 0.239 and 0.171 (unit 1/year), respectively. The simulations show that in Río Blanco, the endemic phase was more sustained than the inter-epidemic phase in Las Carmelitas. The estimations of these epidemiological parameters indicate where the Ministry of Health and Provincial Health Department will experience greater difficulty in controlling and eradicating the disease.     

胃间质瘤患者胃电活动的初步研究

目的:分析描述胃间质瘤(GIST)患者的胃电活动特点,探讨GIST对胃电活动的影响.方法:运用多导胃电图检测27例胃GIST患者(GIST组)及30例健康志愿者(对照组)的餐前餐后胃电参数,并进行对比分析.结果:对照组餐后各导联较餐前均出现平均频率(MF)、平均幅值(MA)及正常慢波百分比(N%)增高,过缓频率百分比(B%)较餐前减低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01), GIST组未出现相应的胃电图改变(P > 0.05);GIST组各导联餐前MF、MA高于对照组,N%餐前1、3、4导及餐后各导联均低于对照组,过速频率百分比(T%)各导联餐前餐后均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);GIST组与对照组患者胃动过速发生率分别为66.7%,3.3%,GIST组节律正常患者所占百分比低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01).结论:GIST患者存在餐前餐后胃电活动异常,异常胃电节律以胃动过速为主.     

《脾胃论》药物性味配伍法探析

目的:探讨《脾胃论》中药物五味配伍疗效关系。方法:研究原著及参考文献,用统计分析原著作中所有方剂中的药物分类、关联性,进一步总结药物的性味配伍方法。结果:《脾胃论》中药物性味配伍,多以辛甘苦并用,起到补脾升举阳气、泻阴火、疏肝理气、除湿热、行气止痛、散结消痞六个方面的作用。