猪脱细胞真皮基质修复兔腹壁缺损的实验研究

目的研究猪脱细胞真皮基质修复兔腹壁缺损的效果,探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质应用的可行性。方法健康小白猪1头,取背部及两侧皮肤制备脱细胞真皮基质。26只日本大耳白兔,雌雄不限,体重2.2～2.3 kg,随机分为对照组(n=6)和实验组(n=20)。对照组制备5.0 cm×0.5 cm腹壁缺损,单纯缝合关闭缺损。实验组制备5.0 cm×2.5 cm腹壁缺损,用同样大小的猪脱细胞真皮基质补片(简称"补片")修复,补片基底膜面朝向肠管。术后观察是否有疝形成,比较两组腹腔内脏器粘连情况,以及对照组腹壁肌筋膜单纯缝合处和实验组补片-腹壁肌筋膜吻合处的最大张力,组织学观察补片是否有纤维血管组织长入及其在体内的生物学转归。结果实验动物均无疝形成。术后5周,实验组补片和腹壁融为一体,补片皮肤面和脏器面均有纤维血管组织长入,补片处于新生组织掺入重建过程。实验组1只动物补片和腹腔内脏器粘连较重(2级),5只发生了轻微粘连(1级),12只无粘连(0级);对照组1只轻微粘连(1级),5只无粘连(0级);两组粘连分级比较差异无统计学意义(Z=—0.798,P=0.425)。术后5周,实验组补片-腹壁肌筋膜吻合处的最大张力为(13.0±5.5)N,对照组腹壁肌筋膜单纯缝合处为(13.6±4.0)N,差异无统计学意义(t=—0.410,P=0.683)。组织学观察显示,术后5周,实验组补片中有大量小血管,并有中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞为主的炎性浸润,补片边缘偶见巨噬细胞,补片-腹壁肌筋膜吻合处由纤维结缔组织连接;术后6个月,补片及周围炎性反应消退,胶原纤维结构发生了改建,补片和肌筋膜层由有纤维结缔组织愈合。结论补片修复兔腹壁缺损取得了较好效果,补片-腹壁肌筋膜层愈合,其吻合处的力学强度达到了自体腹壁单纯缝合吻合的力学强度,补片胶原纤维结构发生了改建。     

髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统的设计与1122例多中心研究分析

目的：设计髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统并通过1122例髋臼骨折多中心分析研究,探索该系统的可行性与临床实用价值。方法：根据髋臼三柱壁概念,参考髋臼骨折多米诺骨牌效应所致的骨盆环损伤方向和股骨近端关节损伤程度,设A类为髋臼任何一柱、壁骨折;B类为任何二柱、壁骨折;C类为髋臼前、中（臼顶）、后柱/壁混合骨折。小写英文字母a、m、p,分别代表前、中、后柱/壁骨折。采取损伤变数分型：髋臼损伤变数,1系简单移位骨折;2系粉碎骨折;3系压缩性缺损。盆环损伤变数：α系骶髂关节/骶髂处骨折呈水平位分离变位;β系前者垂直方向分离变位;γ系耻骨联合分离/耻骨上、下支骨折变位;δ系αβγ综合性的浮动损伤。股近端关节损伤变数：Ⅰ系股骨头骨折;Ⅱ系股骨颈骨折;Ⅲ系股骨转子部骨折;Ⅳ系Ⅰ～Ⅲ混合性骨折。应用上述构成的髋臼骨折ABC损伤变数定位系统,统计1997年3月至2010年2月,1122例髋臼骨折,其中18例双侧髋臼骨折,共1140例髋。分析研究骨盆前后位片,髂骨、闭孔斜位片及2/3DCT资料。结果：1140例组别各损伤变数构成比：A类骨折237例（20.8%）,B类骨折605例（53.1%）,C类骨折298例（26.1%）。涉及前柱壁骨折808例,发生率为70.9%,中柱壁骨折507例,发生率为44.5%,后柱壁骨折1026例,发生率为90%。涉及髋臼变数1,即简单移位骨折203例（17.8%）;变数2,即粉碎性骨折516例（45.3%）;变数3,即压缩性骨折缺损421例（36.9%）;涉及骨盆环损伤249例,占总数21.8%;涉及股骨近端骨折75例,占总数的6.6%;双侧髋臼骨折与相关盆环、股骨近端变数组18例（1.6%）。1140例髋臼骨折之关键部位与疗效要素：涉及髋臼中（臼顶）柱/壁骨折507例（44.5%）;压缩性缺损421例（36.9%）;盆环变数249例（21.8%）;股近端关节变数75例（6.6%）;而相对简单的Aa/p1/2、Bap1/2型髋臼骨折486例（42.6%）。结论：研究表明髋臼损伤变数中粉碎压缩,尤其是压缩缺损骨折占重要比重,同时彰显了髋臼骨折合并骨盆环或股骨近端损伤变数并非少见。该研究揭示了髋臼骨折损伤变数之间的相互关系,其百分比表明了临床治疗的重点和要素：负重之臼顶44.5%;压缩之缺损36.9%;盆环之浮动21.8%;＂头-臼＂之双折6.6%。该系统在伤情评估、解剖定位、难度指数、选择对策、手术入路、疗效预后等方面,起到临床指导作用,创建了同类型骨折损伤变数的比较,为＂同质语言＂的交流,探索了新的途径。     

Plasma pentraxin 3 is associated with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients

This cross-sectional study evaluates the associations of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Plasma was obtained from 98 maintenance HD patients before and after a session of HD and 50 age-matched healthy subjects. We measured plasma PTX3 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that plasma PTX3 levels were significantly higher in HD patients compared with controls (1.87 vs. 1.11 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and increased acutely after a single HD session (post-HD 2.18 ng/mL vs. pre-HD 1.87 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Patients with CVD had higher plasma PTX3 levels than those without CVD (2.18 vs. 1.76 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Plasma PTX3 levels correlated positively with cardiac troponin T (ρ = 0.287, p = 0.007) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (ρ = 0.294, p = 0.043). High plasma PTX3 (>1.87 ng/mL) level was positively and independently associated with CVD (OR = 3.15, p = 0.024). Receiver operator characteristics analysis showed the correlation between PTX3 and CVD more closely than high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients whose hs-CRP were higher than 3 mg/L. The area under the curve for PTX3 and hs-CRP was 0.655 (p = 0.047) and 0.562 (p = 0.458), respectively. Moreover, plasma PTX3 levels correlated negatively with body mass index, hemoglobin, pre-albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein. These data support the main conclusions: PTX3 levels are markedly elevated in HD patients; HD procedure itself induces PTX3 elevation; plasma PTX3 is associated with CVD in maintenance HD patients.     

甲状腺锥体叶^99mTc显像的临床价值

目的：探讨甲状腺锥体叶显像的临床价值。材料和方法：常规肘静脉注射９９ｍＴｃＯ－４后３０分钟甲状腺显像,对２６０例甲状腺机能亢进症患者和２４３例非甲亢对照组患者行甲状腺显像,观察甲状腺锥体叶的出现情况。结果：２６０例甲亢患者中７８例锥体叶阳性,２４３例对照组中８例锥体叶阳性,两者差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００１）,锥体叶阳性对甲亢诊断的敏感性为３００％,特异性为９６６％。锥体叶可位于峡部或一叶上方,多呈舌状,放射性分布略低于左右叶,大小不等。甲亢术后原有锥体叶可长大。结论：甲状腺锥体叶显像有助于甲亢的临床诊断。     

输尿管镜手术时入镜困难66例临床分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜手术时入镜困难的原因与对策。方法:2003年4月～2005年12月共作输尿管镜手术1256例次,其中66例发生入镜困难,均采用相关方法处理。结果:6例采用技巧性旋转入镜成功,53例采用调节体位输尿管扩张等方法入镜成功,2例中转开放手术,5例插管后行ESWL。结论:克服输尿管镜入镜困难的要点是熟悉输尿管的解剖结构与镜下的立体空间感及操作技巧。     

胆酸对肝硬化大鼠肝大部分切除术后肝脏功能的影响

目的探讨胆酸对肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后肝脏功能的影响。方法24只肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后随机分为胆酸组和对照组喂养1周,每组12只。对照组给以标准饲料喂养,胆酸组给以含0.2%胆酸的饲料喂养。1周后检测大鼠胆汁分泌速度及胆汁总胆汁酸（TBA）含量,检测肝功能、有丝分裂指数（MI）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）标记指数、细胞核DNA含量。结果胆酸组胆汁分泌速度、胆汁TBA含量、血清ALB含量、MI、PCNA标记指数、细胞核DNA含量均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量均低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论胆酸可以增加肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后胆汁分泌速度及胆汁TBA含量,促进大鼠肝功能恢复和肝再生。     

直肠癌合并肝转移时原发肿瘤的手术选择及其疗效评估

目的:回顾性分析本院收治的直肠癌合并肝转移病例,探讨直肠原发灶手术的不同方式。方法：1991年10月～1999年10月,收治直肠癌伴肝转移病例43例,其中男30例,女13例,年龄33～75岁;原发肿瘤位于直肠上段者9例,中段者14例,下段者20例。依据原发肿瘤部位,采取不同的术式,其中直肠前切除者14例,Miles手术者11例,Hartmann手术者7例,结肠造口者11例。结果：全组死亡31例,中位生存时间：直肠前切除者13.8个月,Miles手术者13.7个月,造瘘术者9.2个月;现尚生存者12例(27.9%),均达一年以上,有2例存活8年,仍在继续随访中;肿瘤未切除而作造瘘术者均已死亡。结论：直肠癌合并肝转移时,对原发肿瘤的处理应采用积极治疗手段,以期延长生存期、改善生存质量。     

硬膜外穿刺针外套管在腹腔镜小儿斜疝高位结扎术中的应用

目的探讨硬膜外穿刺针外套管在腹腔镜小儿斜疝疝囊高位结扎中的应用价值。方法2003年4月-2006年5月,我院对230例小儿斜疝手术应用硬膜外穿刺针外套管代替雪橇钩针实施腹腔镜疝内环口荷包高位结扎术。结果230例手术均获得成功,手术时间：单侧161例8-10 min,嵌顿疝39例15-20 min,双侧30例16-20 min;术后未见有阴囊水肿及睾血疼痛及缺血坏死。术后随访2-6个月111例,6-12个月52例,12-24个月37例,24-36个月30例,无复发。结论硬膜外刺针外套管可替代小儿疝囊结扎专用的雪橇钩针,简便,经济,适合在所有基层医院推广。     

一期前路病灶清除联合自体肋骨植骨融合内固定治疗胸椎结核

目的：分析一期前路病灶清除、自体肋骨椎间植骨融合前路内固定术治疗胸椎结核的临床效果。方法2003年6月～2008年5月手术治疗胸椎脊柱结核42例,男25例,女17例,均采用一期前路病灶清除、自体肋骨椎间植骨融合前路内固定术。根据术前、术后随访的X线片,分析植骨融合及脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果;采用Frankel分级、红细胞沉降率（ erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR）、C反应蛋白（ C-reactionprotein, CRP ）及视觉模拟量表（ visual analog scale, VAS）评分评估临床治疗效果。结果随访1～7年,平均50．8个月,42例患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间3～7个月,平均4．5个月,无内固定松动、脱出及断裂;术前Cobb角平均19．8°,术后1周为3．7°,末次随访时为4．6°;Frankel分级,术前B级为3例,C级9例,D级20例,E级10例,末次随访时为D级6例,E级36例;VAS评分术前平均为8．2,术后1周为1．8,末次随访时为1．2。除2例患者术后出现疼痛,持续2个月后自行缓解外,无其他并发症。无复发结核感染出现。结论一期行前路病灶清除、自体肋骨椎间融合前路内固定术治疗胸椎结核,可有效矫正脊柱后凸畸形,重建脊柱稳定性,获得较好的临床效果。     

Inhibitory effect of icariin on Ti-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis

Background

Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis that results in aseptic loosening is the most common cause of long-term failure after total joint replacement.

Materials and methods

Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium pubescens, inhibits osteoclast formation, but its effects on wear particle-induced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of ICA in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), which is stimulated by titanium (Ti) particles and the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand.

Results

ICA effectively inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption in the differentiation medium. ICA (10⁻⁷ mol/L) significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells compared with the control, and significantly reduced the percentage of the surface covered by resorption lacunae. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ICA inhibited messenger RNA expression for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by Ti particles and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. ICA also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 cells cultured with Ti particles. In addition, incubation with cholecystokinin-8 showed that ICA had no toxic effects on RAW264.7 cells.

Conclusions

ICA possibly elicited inhibitory effects on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis induced by Ti particles, indicating that ICA may be useful for the prevention and treatment of wear particle-induced osteolysis.