神经细胞营养（诱向）因子与运动神经元疾病

本文从神经营养（诱向）因子有选择地保障运动神经元健康存活和执行功能，防止它凋亡和损伤所引起的神经元退变及促进其再生等生物学效应，结合运动神经元病的病理退变的主要特点及本实验室对运动神经元营养（诱向）因子的工作，综述了这方面的新进展，期望对探索运动神经元病的病因和治疗提供新的线索和可能性。     

Morphological assessment of left ventricular thrombus by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography

We report the usefulness of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) in the morphological assessment of a left ventricular thrombus. Using live 3DTTE, the thrombus could be easily viewed end-on and from the sides. In addition, by cropping the 3D images sequentially in transverse (horizontal or short axis), longitudinal (vertical or long axis), frontal, and oblique planes, the degree and extent of lysis within the thrombus, which represents an integral part of the clot-resolution process, could be comprehensively assessed. The site of attachment of the thrombus in the left ventricular apex and its morphology could also be fully evaluated in three dimensions by live 3DTTE.     

Blood coagulation and the risk of atherothrombosis: a complex relationship

The principles of Virchov's triad appear to be operational in atherothrombosis or arterial thrombosis: local flow changes and particularly vacular wall damage are the main pathophysiological elements. Furthermore, alterations in arterial blood composition are also involved although the specific role and importance of blood coagulation is an ongoing matter of debate. In this review we provide support for the hypothesis that activated blood coagulation is an essential determinant of the risk of atherothrombotic complications. We distinguish two phases in atherosclerosis: In the first phase, atherosclerosis develops under influence of "classical" risk factors, i.e. both genetic and acquired forces. While fibrinogen/fibrin molecules participate in early plaque lesions, increased activity of systemic coagulation is of no major influence on the risk of arterial thrombosis, except in rare cases where a number of specific procoagulant forces collide. Despite the presence of tissue factor - factor VII complex it is unlikely that all fibrin in the atherosclerotic plaque is the direct result from local clotting activity. The dominant effect of coagulation in this phase is anticoagulant, i.e. thrombin enhances protein C activation through its binding to endothelial thrombomodulin.The second phase is characterized by advancing atherosclerosis, with greater impact of inflammation as indicated by an elevated level of plasma C-reactive protein, the result of increased production influenced by interleukin-6. Inflammation overwhelms protective anticoagulant forces, which in itself may have become less efficient due to down regulation of thrombomodulin and endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) expression. In this phase, the inflammatory drive leads to recurrent induction of tissue factor and assembly of catalytic complexes on aggregated cells and on microparticles, maintaining a certain level of thrombin production and fibrin formation. In advanced atherosclerosis systemic and vascular wall driven coagulation becomes more important and elevated levels of D-dimer fragments should be interpreted as markers of this hypercoagulability.     

沙苑子化学成分的研究Ⅱ

沙苑子为豆科黄芪属植物扁茎黄芪(Astragalus complanatus R.Brown)的种子,有益肾固精、补肝明目之功能。有关沙苑子的化学成分,除本文作者曾从水溶液中分离得到氨基酸外,其他化学成分的研究尚未见报道。本文从脱脂沙苑子的乙醇提出物中分得一新的黄酮甙,确定为鼠李柠檬素-3,4′-O-β-D-双葡萄糖甙,命名为沙苑子甙(complanatuside)。     

落新妇和岩菖蒲中岩白菜素的高效液相色谱测定法

本文报道用高效液相色谱法测定落新妇和岩菖蒲中岩白菜素的含量。样品用甲醇以超声波法提取,通过YWG-C₁₈H₃₇键合相柱,用甲醇—乙醚—乙腈—水(30:2:3:65)为流动相,在275nm波长检测,用对氨基苯磺酸为内标,峰面积内标法定量。方法简便,快速,结果较好。     

Intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with ischaemic heart disease undergoing oesophagogastrectomy

Background Oesophagogastrectomy for carcinoma has a high operative mortality rate. Patients are elderly and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a recognised and frequent risk factor. Aim To illustrate the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) as prophylaxis against cardiac complications in a group of such patients. Methods Five patients aged from 63 to 78 years were presented with operable adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. They had IHD of a severity thought to pose a risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and/or failure at the time of oesophagogastrectomy. With the induction of anaesthesia, the IABP was inserted and left in situ for up to 24 hours. Results There were no major adverse perioperative cardiac events. Four patients were discharged from hospital on the eighth and one on the tenth postoperative day. Conclusion The prophylactic use of IABP has a potential role in the prevention of cardiac complications in patients with IHD undergoing high risk non-cardiac surgery.     

Residual juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia cells detected in peripheral blood during clinical remission

At diagnosis peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow from patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) have shown two reproducible abnormalities when studied in cell culture: impaired growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors and excessive proliferation of malignant monocyte-macrophage elements. We used these findings to assess quality of treatment response by serially studying PB specimens from four JCML patients (patients 5, 7, 8, and 9) in complete chemotherapy-induced remission. PB readily yielded high numbers of monocyte-macrophage colonies in CFU-C and CFU-GEMM assays when cultured in early remission, and the colonies were cytogenetically proven to have arisen from a malignant clone in patient 9. When studied later in remission, the abnormal cell proliferation persisted in three of the four patients, but in patient 8 PB colony growth resembled controls. Similarly, when PB from patient 8 was studied in liquid culture without using added growth factor, cell proliferation declined identical to controls, whereas PB from the other three patients showed exuberant growth of monocyte-macrophage elements. Patient 8 successfully completed therapy and has been in a long-term, disease-free remission. The other three had recurrent, ultimately fatal disease. The cell cultures have allowed detection of residual abnormal cells that circulate in PB of JCML patients in remission. Although patient numbers were small because of the rarity of JCML, the data suggested that persistence of leukemia cells in these patients had a bearing on clinical outcome.