BCG对膀胱粘膜结构的影响及肿瘤超微病理的研究

应用光镜，透射电镜与扫描电镜技术对２０例浅表膀胱肿瘤ＢＣＧ治疗前后粘膜结构，肿瘤超微结构及Ｈｅｌａ细胞表面结构的影响作了比较研究。结果表明，ＢＣＧ灌注后，膀胱粘膜的结构发生了明显的改变，粘膜层次变薄，粘膜下可见大量单个核细胞浸润，肉芽肿与非干酷淋巴细胞团形成。     

中枢性神经细胞瘤：17例临床病理分析

背景与目的：中枢性神经瘤是少见的中枢神经系统肿瘤。为了提高对该病的认识、减少误诊率．我们结合文献复习，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了研究讨论。方法：复习中国人民解放军总医院1970-2000年收治的中枢性神经瘤病例共17例，对患者的临床症状、影像学、病理改变及预后进行了回顾性研究。结果：中枢性神经细胞瘤发病率占同期原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的0．14％。患者男10例，女7例．年龄从11岁-51岁不等，平均年龄32．7岁。肿瘤均位于脑室系统，7例位于透明隔位于侧脑室及三脑室者各5例。手术全部切除7例，部分切除10例，术后放疗者9例。9例进行了长期随访无复发迹象。另外，17例行免疫组化及2例行电镜检查，显示肿瘤呈神经元分化，仅4例局部表达GFAP；所有病例均无恶性组织学迹象，4例已做Ki-67免疫组化的阳性细胞〈2％。结论：综合上述及结合文献我们认为大多数中枢性神经细胞瘤是预后良好的肿瘤，部分预后较差，增加GFAP的阳性表达、细胞增殖指数的增加以及血管的增生可能提示较差的预后。手术切除为治疗该肿瘤的较好方法。对部分切除的病例、组织学呈间变改变的病例（细胞的异形性、核分裂像增加、血管内皮细胞增生及坏死）以及增殖指数增加者应辅以放疗。     

隐性骨折的MRI诊断

目的：探讨骨隐性骨折的MRI诊断价值。方法：对25例外伤患者均行X线平片及MRI检查，10例患者同时行CT检查，受伤部位分别为股骨髁、胫骨近端及MRI检查，10例患者同时行CT检查，受伤部位分别为股骨髁、胫骨近端及胸椎、腰椎。结果：本组25例X线平片均未见骨折征象，CT检查10例亦无明显骨折征象，仅见骨小梁结构较乱，周围软组织肿胀；MRI检查25例显示隐性骨折呈现长T1、短T2或不规则状线形异常信号，其周围可见不规则长T2骨挫伤水肿异常高信号影，均伴有周围软组织水肿的异常信号。结论：MRI能早期诊断骨隐性骨折，若患者局部症状明显，X线检查无阳性征象者行MRI检查应为最佳检查手段。     

失血性休克复苏及监测指标研究进展

创伤、失血性休克是一古老的临床研究课题。不仅在平时常见，更重要的是与战伤救治密切相关。尽管近10年来取得了一些进展，但复苏时机、复苏目标、液体种类的选择、复苏后继续生命支持以及监测技术等仍是临床以及研究人员面临的重大挑战。本文将就近年来有关上述问题的最新研究进展进行分析和讨论，以期提高对该复杂综合征的认识，为今后的研究提供帮助。     

新生儿多器官功能衰竭93例临床分析

本文报告新生儿多器官功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）９３例，其中治愈２８例，死亡６５例（病死率为６９．８９％）。阐述了ＭＯＦ的发生机制，对其器官衰竭的数目、患儿的成熟度及体温与预后的关系进行了分析。指出新生儿器官功能衰竭发生率最高者为呼吸衰竭（９４．６２％）；认为器官衰竭的数目越多，患儿成熟度（日龄、胎龄、体重）越差，体温越低病死率越高；强调新生儿ＭＯＦ的预后和器官衰竭的不同组合密切相关。     

Hong Kong nurses' health-related behaviours: implications for nurses' role in health promotion

The health-related behaviours of a random sample (n=92) of Hong Kong nurses were assessed by a questionnaire written either in English or in English and Chinese. Hong Kong nurse reported negligible smoking or a alcohol use, low levels of breast self-examination, cervical screening behaviour and regular exercising, seat belt use and driving within the speed limit. The sample reported high levels of making efforts to avoid foods high in cholesterol, eating foods high in fibre and eating fruit daily. Dental hygiene was reported to be high. Just over half the sample reported sleeping 7–8 hours each night and eating breakfast daily. Most nurse reported maintaining their body weight at a healthy level and eating snacks between meals. The English language version of the questionnaire produced a slightly better response rate than the bilingual questionnaires. The results are discussed with reference to previous studies of females' health-related behaviours in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The implications for Hong Kong nurses' role in health promotion is discussed.     

二维超声心动图对高原婴幼儿右室射血分数的估测

目的：将二维超声测量右室射血分数（RVEF）的方法应用于临床。方法：用心尖四腔观单平面面积－长度法测量43例高原正常婴幼儿RVEF，并与40例患右室扩张肥厚型心肌病（RVDCHM）婴幼儿进行了比较。结果：健康组RVEF均值为58．20％，标准差为7．24％；患儿组均值为36．10％，标准差为7．01％，两组测量的RVEF有非常显著差异（P＜0．001）。结论：心尖四腔观单平面面积－长度法测量RVEF可作为估测右室收缩功能的简单可靠的方法。     

Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer在基因差异表达研究中的应用

目的：观察Agilent2100 Bioanalyzer芯片分析系统（以下简称Bioanalyzer）在基因差异表达研究中的应用。方法：应用限制性显示技术分别从正常和热休克处理后的酿酒酵母细胞中分离出cDNA片段，然后再用Bioanalyzer和传统的琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术对RD-PCR产物进行检测分析。结果：Bioanalyzer能更快速、敏感地分离和显示差异表达的基因片段，并且通过对差异片段进行定量比较，发现了数个表达有明显差异的基因片段。结论：Bioanalyzer在基因差异表达研究中具有重要的应用价值。     

高效液相法测定金樱子中三萜酸类成分的含量

定量测定不同产地金樱子中2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-羧酸的含量.采用高效液相法,色谱柱:Kromasil-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)柱,大连依利特公司;检测波长203 nm,柱温:35 ℃;流动相:乙腈-水(35:65),流速1 mL/min.结果表示所测成分与其他组分具有良好的分离度,线性范围为0.4～10 μg, 加样回收率为102.5%,RSD=2.66%.说明不同产地的三萜类有机酸的含量差别很大.本方法操作简单,结果准确,可用于含2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-羧酸的药物的含量测定.     

Auranofin modulates gelatinase release from rat neutrophils

We have examined the effects of auranofin and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on the release of gelatinase from rat neutrophils. Two preparations of neutrophils were used, one derived from normal blood and the other from the inflamed pleural fluids of carrageenin-elicited pleurisy. Both neutrophil preparations released gelatinase in response to stimulation by serum-treated zymosan (STZ) or concanavalin A (Con A). Control, blood-derived neutrophils exposed to STZ produced more than a four-fold increase in the release of gelatinase, a response significantly inhibited by the presence of auranofin at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. Inflamed, pleural neutrophils exposed to STZ produced a doubling in gelatinase release and this was also inhibited by auranofin at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. The release of gelatinase by control neutrophils (no stimulation) or by neutrophils exposed to Con A was enhanced by 10(-6) M auranofin. In contrast, the NSAIDs aspirin, piroxicam, sulindac, indomethacin and naproxen had no inhibitory action on neutrophil gelatinase release. We conclude that auranofin is an effective inhibitor of gelatinase release from neutrophils and this property may represent a contributory factor assigned to the beneficial therapeutic action of gold salts.