Well-being and Its Influencing Factors of Junior High School Students from County Town and Rural Areas

目的 了解县城乡镇初中生幸福感水平及其影响因素.方法 采用Rosenberg自尊问卷、一般自我效能感量表和中学生应对方式问卷等对706名初中生进行调查.结果 觉得“很幸福”或“幸福”的学生占70.4％；女生的幸福感水平显著高于男生(x2=9.714,P＜0.01)；家庭经济状况较好的学生,幸福感水平较高(x2=58.184,P＜0.001)；幸福感水平年级间无显著差异(x2=0.471,P＞0.05)；自尊、自我效能感、问题解决、寻求社会支持、积极的合理化解释得分幸福组显著高于非幸福组(t1=9.257,t2=3.988,t3=4.245,t4=4.150,t5=5.184,P5＜0.001).忍耐、“幻想、否认”、逃避得分幸福组显著低于非幸福组(t1=-3.090,t2=-3.073,Ps＜0.01;t3=-3.830,P＜0.001).家庭经济状况、自尊、寻求社会支持、逃避应对方式能显著预测县城乡镇初中生的幸福感(x2=136.165,P＜0.001).结论 县城乡镇初中生总体上是幸福的,性别、家庭经济状况、自尊、自我效能感和应对方式等因素会影响其幸福感水平,并且家庭经济状况、自尊、寻求社会支持及逃避应对方式能有效预测其幸福感水平.     

“120”出诊中急性左心衰的救治体会

目的探讨“120”出诊中急性左心衰竭的救治措施。方法回顾分析34例急性左心衰竭的出诊病例，均经过了病情快速判断、心理安抚、吸氧、辅助端坐体位、心电监护、急救药物治疗、正确转运等处理，少部分患者进行了电除颤、心肺复苏治疗。结果34例患者经过急救处理后病情均不同程度的得到了缓解，安全到达医院者31例，急救有效率91．18％。结论急性左心衰竭是常见的危急重症。提高急救意识、熟练抢救方法、医护担架工积极配合、完善的抢救设备是提高抢救有效率的保证。另外，与患者及家属的积极有效沟通也至关重要，可有效减少医患纠纷。     

Discovery of Hydroxyamidine Derivatives as Highly Potent,Selective Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors

In this study, a series of novel hydroxyamidine derivatives were identified as potent and selective IDO1 inhibitors by structure-based drug design. Among them, compounds 13–15 and 18 exhibited favorable enzymatic and cellular activities. Compound 18 showed improved bioavailability in mouse, rat, and dog (F% = 44%, 58.8%, 102.1%, respectively). With reasonable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, compound 18 was further evaluated in a transgenic MC38 xenograft mouse model. The combination of compound 18 with PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed a synergistic antitumor effect. These data indicated that compound 18 as a potential cancer immunotherapy agent should warrant further investigation.     

网吧内发现的重症肺结核患者2例报告

临床资料 病例1 患者,男,20岁,咳嗽咳痰3月余,自觉发热未诊治。3 d前症状加重伴胸闷憋气,1 d前昏倒于网吧里,被急诊120送往附近医院。经双肺CT检查考虑肺结核转入我院。双肺CT示左肺毁损肺,右肺上、中、下野可见片状密度增高阴影。即时痰涂片抗酸杆菌4+。实验室检查:K 2.90,Na133,CL 96,CO219.5,BG3.8,Ca 1.13     

Plasmonic probing of the adhesion strength of single microbial cells

Probing the binding between a microbe and surface is critical for understanding biofilm formation processes, developing biosensors, and designing biomaterials, but it remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a method to measure the interfacial forces of bacteria attached to the surface. We tracked the intrinsic fluctuations of individual bacterial cells using an interferometric plasmonic imaging technique. Unlike the existing methods, this approach determined the potential energy profile and quantified the adhesion strength of single cells by analyzing the fluctuations. This method provides insights into biofilm formation and can also serve as a promising platform for investigating biological entity/surface interactions, such as pathogenicity, microbial cell capture and detection, and antimicrobial interface screening.

Microorganisms can form biofilms, which are widely distributed and present on biotic and abiotic surfaces in natural, industrial, and medical settings (1–3). Initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces is the most crucial step in biofilm formation. The transition from initial weak, reversible interactions between a bacterium and a surface to irreversible adhesion involves complex physicochemical forces, including specific receptor-ligand forces, nonspecific hydrophobic, and electrostatic forces (4). Understanding and managing bacterial adhesion, especially at single-cell level, is a cross-disciplinary challenge (5, 6).While many methods have been developed for study of bacterial adhesion, most technologies are based on ensemble analysis of a vast population of cells, which washes out heterogeneity and microscopic information of single bacterial cells, and cannot measure the forces driving cell adhesion. Several methods are now available to study bacterial adhesion at the single-cell level (7–9). For example, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measures interfacial forces by mechanically moving one cell with the AFM probe (7, 10). Optical tweezers are another force spectroscopy method with an intense laser field that uses microbeads attached to the cell (11, 12). These methods measure one single cell at one time, thus having limited throughput. Additionally, they exert external forces on the cell and interfere with the intrinsic feature of bacterial adhesion.Here, we aim to probe the interfacial forces by measuring intrinsic fluctuations of bacteria attached to the surface using plasmonic interferometric imaging technique. Unlike AFM or optical tweezers, this method enabled us to perform high-throughput tracking of many single bacterial cells, to determine the potential energy profile for each bacterial cell and obtain the elastic parameters. To probe the tiny vertical fluctuations, we imaged the interferometric pattern of bacterial cells scattering the planar plasmonic wave propagating on the surface. The plasmonic scattering intensity was extremely sensitive to the vertical distance, allowing precise tracking of the fluctuations. From the fluctuation analyses, we obtained the interfacial energy profiles and elasticity of microbial binding, which were essential properties in understanding microbial adhesion. The derived binding constant can be used to quantify bacterial adhesion strength. Thus, the knowledge obtained can help understand biofilm formation and be used in the design of artificial surfaces to minimize or maximize bacterial adhesion.     

In vitro production of panton-valentine leukocidin among strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing diverse infections.

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains have recently been associated with severe necrotizing infections. Greater than 75% of these strains carry the genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), suggesting that this toxin may mediate these severe infections. However, to date, studies have not provided evidence of toxin production. METHODS: Twenty-nine community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 2 community-acquired methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains were collected from patients with infections of varying severity. Strains were analyzed for the presence of lukF-PV and SCCmecA type. PVL production in lukF-PV gene-positive strains was measured by ELISA, and the amount produced was analyzed relative to severity of infection. RESULTS: Only 2 of the 31 strains tested, 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus abscess isolate and 1 nasal carriage methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolate, were lukF-PV negative. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were SCCmec type IV. PVL was produced by all strains harboring lukF-PV, although a marked strain-to-strain variation was observed. Twenty-six (90%) of 29 strains produced 50-350 ng/mL of PVL; the remaining strains produced PVL in excess of 500 ng/mL. The quantity of PVL produced in vitro did not correlate with severity of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Although PVL likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these infections, its mere presence is not solely responsible for the increased severity. Factors that up-regulate toxin synthesis in vivo could contribute to more-severe disease and worse outcomes in patients with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.     

Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium-derived nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide hybrids for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

In this paper, a new type of nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide (N-CFs/MoS₂) hybrid electrode materials are prepared via a certain concentration in solvothermal synthesis followed by a high-temperature carbonization process and using the carboxymethylcellulose ammonium (CMC-NH₄) as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheet growth during the solvothermal synthesis process. The addition of CMC-NH₄ effectively prevents the agglomeration of MoS₂ nanosheets to increase the specific surface area. Moreover, it not only serves as a carbon source to provide conductive pathways, but also introduces N atoms to improve the conductivity of the CFs and promote the transfer of electrons and ions. This ultimately increases the conductivity of the electrode materials. Thus, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance is up to 572.6 F g⁻¹ under a current density of 0.75 A g⁻¹ and the specific capacitance retained 98% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of charge–discharge tests at a current density of 2.5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the hybrids show a maximum energy density of 19.5 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 94 W kg⁻¹. Therefore, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids with remarkable electrochemical properties, low cost and environment protection show potential for practical application in the development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.

Novel CMC-NH₄-derived nitrogen-doped CFs/MoS₂ hybrid electrode materials are prepared using CMC-NH₄ as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheets.     

还原型谷胱甘肽片质量标准提高工作研究

目的:对还原型谷胱甘肽片质量标准进行提高:改进鉴别方法,建立有关物质、溶出度和含量测定的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱用VenusiL MP C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为磷酸盐溶液-甲醇(96:4),检测波长210nm。结果:还原型谷胱甘肽在5~1034μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=1.0000,n=7),平均回收率为99.0%,RSD=0.6%。结论:标准修订提高后,可更好地用于该制剂的质量控制。