Blunt pancreatic trauma and pseudocyst: management of major pancreatic duct injury

When there is no major pancreatic duct injury or the injury involves only the distal duct, percutaneous drainage should be considered the primary therapeutic procedure for traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst. If the pseudocyst does not then resolve, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography should be performed to prove proximal duct injury. When the major pancreatic duct is disrupted but not obstructed, pancreatic duct stenting may avert surgical resection. If the major duct is obstructed, surgical resection is required.     

Keratinocyte conditioned medium abrogates the modulatory effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 on collagenase expression in dermal fibroblasts

Overexpression of wound healing-promoting factors such as transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-beta1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) during the healing process has been implicated in the development of dermal fibrosis in patients following thermal injury, surgical incision, and deep trauma. However, the mechanism through which the expression of these two fibrogenic factors is slowed down and/or abrogated in the late stages of the healing process is not known. Here, we hypothesize that keratinocyte-releasable factors counteract the fibrogenic role of both IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in fibroblasts. To test this hypothesis, the levels of collagenase (MMP-1), as an index for extracellular matrix degradation, in dermal fibroblasts in response to either keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) or our recently identified keratinocyte-releasable stratifin in the presence and absence of either IGF-1, TGF-beta1, or both were evaluated. The results of Northern analysis showed a significant increase in collagenase mRNA expression in cells treated with KCM in the presence of both IGF-1 and TGF-beta1. The effect was, at least in part, due to keratinocyte-derived stratifin that was present in KCM. This was ascertained as the levels of MMP-1 mRNA were markedly reduced when cells were treated with stratifin-immuno-depleted KCM. The results of Western blot analysis showed an increase in the level of MMP-1 protein in stratifin-treated fibroblasts and this was consistent with the level of MMP-1 mRNA expression detected by Northern analysis. However, in contrast to KCM, whose efficacy on MMP-1 expression was modestly reduced by either IGF-1 and TGF-beta1, or a combination of both, these factors abrogated the MMP-1 stimulatory effect of stratifin in fibroblasts. In summary, the results of this study revealed that both stratifin and KCM stimulate the expression of MMP-1-in fibroblasts and this effect can be abrogated by either IGF-1, TGF-beta1, or a combination of both.     

高频电铲在腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术中应用高频电铲的可行性和安全性。方法选取2005年3月至2007年5月间使用高频电铲成功进行腹腔镜保肛手术的直肠癌患者28例，分别对患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后盆腔引流量、肛门排气时间、疼痛程度以及手术并发症等指标进行观察和记录。结果手术时间（178．6±25．3）min、术中出血量（62．6±40．5）ml、术后盆腔引流量：术后1d（90．5±27．1）ml、术后3d（5．4±4．6）ml、肛门排气时间（33．0±5．4）h、疼痛程度（VAS）：术后1d（5．52±1．29）、术后3d（2．42±1．06）、吻合口瘘1例、切口感染1例。随访1～26月无肿瘤复发及肠梗阻患者。结论高频电铲是一种非常实用的工具，应用于腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术是安全可行的，并可以降低医疗费用。     

Effect of extended-term estrogen on voiding in a postpartum ovariectomized rat model

Introduction

We tested the hypothesis that extended-term (5-week) estrogen therapy would negatively impact voiding function in a postpartum, ovariectomized rat model.

Methods

Immediately after delivery, 30 primiparous Sprague–Dawley rats underwent intravaginal balloon dilation, followed by ovariectomy 1 week later. Cystometry at postpartum week 2 determined normal or abnormal voiding patterns. After randomization, one-half the normal and abnormal voiding rats received 5 weeks of estrogen therapy, while the remainder received placebo. Estrogen effect was determined by repeat cystometry and immunohistochemical analysis of the urethra and vagina.

Results

Abnormal voiding increased from 60.0% to 73.3% in the estrogen- treated group and declined from 60% to 33% for the placebo group. Rats were then divided into 4 groups for comparison: normal voiding versus placebo (group 1), abnormal voiding versus placebo (group 2), normal voiding versus estrogen (group 3) and abnormal voiding versus estrogen (group 4). Bladder capacity, leak point pressure and maximum voiding pressure were most depressed in group 4. Estrogen treatment was associated with a significant downregulation of α_1A and α_1D-adrenoceptors in the urethral submucosa but an upregulation of nNOS in the urethral smooth muscle.

Conclusion

Extended-term estrogen therapy in a rat model of simulated birth trauma and ovariectomy resulted in a higher rate of incontinence. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated significant downregulation of urethral α_1A- and α_1D-adrenoceptors and upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the urethra of estrogen-treated groups. These studies question the use of hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal incontinence.     

依达拉奉在脊髓型颈椎病围手术期应用的效果观察

目的:探讨自由基清除剂依达拉奉在脊髓型颈椎病围手术期应用的价值。方法:前路减压、植骨内固定治疗58例脊髓型颈椎病,治疗组30例患者围手术期应用依达拉奉,术前30min静脉滴注(30mg),术后连续使用6d(30mg/次,2次/d);对照组28例,未应用依达拉奉。采用电子自旋共振(electronspinresonance,ESR)检测患者术前30min、减压后30min脑脊液自由基含量;术前及术后1d、1周、3个月采用JOA评分评定神经功能,观察术后症状反跳发生率。结果:脑脊液自由基含量术前两组无明显差异(P>0.05),减压后30min治疗组较对照组明显减少(P<0.05)。术前、术后1d、术后3个月治疗组与对照组JOA评分无明显差异(P>0.05),术后1周治疗组JOA评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组术后症状反跳的发生率、持续时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者围手术期应用自由基清除剂依达拉奉,能降低脑脊液自由基浓度,减少术后症状反跳,提高术后短期疗效。     

COMT基因单核苷酸多态性与汉族白癜风发病的相关性

目的：探讨COMT基因单核苷酸多态性与汉族寻常型白癜风发病的相关性。方法：测定377例汉族寻常型白癜风患者及388例正常对照的儿茶酚邻位甲基转移酶（COMT）基因第4外显子158密码子碱基多态性。抗凝血抽提DNA，用PCR—SSP法和PCR产物直接测序法鉴定基因型，对结果进行统计学分析处理。结果：COMT基因第4号外显子存在一个G〉A点突变，表现为GG纯合、AA纯合、GA杂合三种基因型，使其编码的第158氨基酸由缬氨酸（Val）变成蛋氨酸（Met）。病例组A频率明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：COMT-158位点的多态性与汉族寻常型白癜风具有明确相关性。     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾细胞凋亡及bcl-2表达的作用

目的探讨梗阻性黄疸引起肾损伤过程中细胞凋亡的意义。方法32只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为2组，假手术组（SO组）只暴露腹腔但不结扎胆管，胆总管结扎组（BDL组）以双重结扎胆管中间离断方法制成梗阻性黄疸大鼠模型。于术后行光镜下肾脏病理学检查，琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测肾细胞DNA的断裂形式，测定血清中D-Bil、TBA、GOT、GPT、Cr和BUN的含量，检测尿β2-微球蛋白，流式细胞术检测肾脏细胞凋亡率，免疫组化法检测肾组织凋亡抑制基因bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果BDL组大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡率明显高于SO组（P〈0．05），出现细胞凋亡特征性DNA梯状带；其肾脏细胞bcl-2蛋白的表达阳性细胞率明显高于SO组（P〈0．01），并于术后7d达高峰，14d时bcl-2表达阳性细胞率开始下降。结论梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾功能损害过程中存在肾脏细胞凋亡，梗阻性黄疸可反馈性启动肾小管上皮细胞凋亡抑制基因bcl-2的表达。     

经尿道钬激光切除膀胱肿瘤(附20例报告)

目的探讨经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术的临床疗效和安全性。方法对20例膀胱肿瘤（Ta～T2a期）经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除，其中17例为初发肿瘤，3例为复发肿瘤。激光功率15～40W。小的肿瘤（直径〈1.0cm，窄蒂）直接汽化，大的肿瘤（直径〉1．0cm，宽带）自瘤体基底部切除，再将其周围1～2cm正常组织汽化、烧灼。结果20例膀胱肿瘤均一次切除，手术时间10～70min（直径〉1．0cm，宽蒂），平均30min。术中无闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔及水中毒发生，无输血。术后保留导尿时间1～5d，平均3d。16例随访3个月，4例随访半年，平均3．6月，均未见肿瘤复发。结论经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除疗效确切、安全性高。     

妇科腹腔镜手术并发症分析及预防

目的 探讨妇科腹腔镜手术并发症的发生原因、处理及预防措施。方法 回顾性分析我院1995年9月～2006年6月妇科4413例腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果 4413例妇科腹腔镜手术中,71例出现并发症,发生率为1.6%（71/4413）,其中经开腹处理10例,占14.1%（10/71）。并发症包括膀胱损伤5例,肠管损伤4例,出血5例,切口血肿和引流口出血8例,大网膜嵌顿1例,会阴部气肿9例,皮肤淤血12例,头部血肿2例,臂丛神经损伤2例,感染性休克1例,切口愈合不良15例,下肢静脉血栓1例,颈管残端囊肿6例。结论 妇科腹腔镜手术并发症与手术难度和术者技巧有关,积极预防可降低其发生率。     

健康教育路径干预对糖调节受损患者转归的影响

目的探讨健康教育路径干预对糖调节受损（IGR）患者转归的影响。方法将59例IGR患者随机分为观察组（30例）和对照组（29例），对照组按传统方法进行健康教育，同时发放疾病相关知识的健康教育资料；观察组采用健康教育路径实施健康教育。比较两组患者教育前后血糖、血脂和胰岛素水平及IGR转归情况。结果对照组糖尿病发病率为10．34％，观察组为3．33％，两组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），教育后观察组血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平较对照组显著改善（均P〈0．05）。结论健康教育路径干预有利于调动IGR患者主观依从性，提高健康教育效果。