Phase-constrained data extrapolation method for reduction of truncation artifacts

The authors present an improvement to a sigma-filter extrapolation method for the reconstruction of magnetic resonance (MR) images from symmetric discrete Fourier data. By making use of the phase information in the image data, the proposed method can overcome the data inconsistency problem of the original method for handling MR image data with large phase variations, such as those obtained in gradient-echo pulse sequences. Reconstruction results show that its performance is comparable with that of the modified complex sigma-filter method proposed previously to handle the inconsistency problem. However, the new approach has the advantage of reducing computation time by a factor of two with use of a sigma filter applied to real instead of complex images. It is expected that this method will be more practical for use in clinical MR imaging systems.     

国产头孢三嗪在急性感染病人中的药代动力学

静脉滴注国产头孢三嗪0.5～1克,治疗8例急性感染病人的药代动力学。静注后半小时用HPLC测得的平均血药浓度为100.75μg/ml,24小时的血药浓度为11.4μg/ml,国产头孢三嗪的药代动力学特点与国外同类产品基本一致。半衰期长,清除半衰期为8.8小时,可在血液和感染部位中保持较长时间的杀菌和抑菌浓度,总表观分布容积为13.0L/kg,表明药物在组织中的浓度高。本品用量小,每日1克1～2次即可达到疗效。5例慢性胆囊炎伴胆石症患者静滴头孢三嗪1克后,2小时胆汁的平均药物浓度为1022.8μg/ml,可作为治疗胆道感染的有效药物。     

我国医院医学装备的建设和管理第十二讲医学装备管理的有关事项(第五部分)

医院设备的使用管理，是指设备从到货起，经过验收入库、出库发放．财产账目、技术档案、使用率调查等一系列程序，直至设备报废为止这一全过程的管理。购置设备物质运动的全过程中．使用所占的时间最长．所以使用管理是一重要的环节。这个环节的任务，可以概括为两个方面：一是保证设备的安全，包括数量上的准确性和质量上的完好性，以便完整地保持其使用价值；二是提高设备的使用率，充分发挥设备的医疗效果，追求更多的社会效益和经济效益。医院设备的使用管理，主要包括以下内容。     

胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤减压与固定相关问题探讨（附166例报告）

目的 对胸腰段脊柱脊髓，马尾神经损伤患者的外科治疗及几种内固定方法的疗效进行探讨。方法 对166例患者的治疗进行回顾分析。该组患者中椎体爆裂性骨折37例，椎体压缩骨折超二分之一109例，椎体骨折脱位14例，多节段或跳跃骨折6例，脊髓损伤按Frankel分级，A级59例，B级46例，C级42例，D级19例，治疗采用后路减压复位122例，前路减压复位，髂骨植骨融合44例。结果 术后123例获3-18个月随访，随访患者中随4例RF钉断裂，5例Harrington上钩脱落，6例棍断裂，其余患者内固定稳固，脊髓，马尾神经恢复，除35例仍为A级外，余脊髓神经功能恢复1-3个级别。结论 各种不同内固定可保持或增强脊柱的稳定，胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤的外科治疗应根据骨折类型，脊髓及马尾神经损伤程度选择手术入路及内固定材料。     

大肠肿瘤组织中EB病毒的原位杂交检测

目的：探讨EB病毒感染与人大肠癌发生的关系。方法：用原位分子杂交法对130例人大肠癌标本中EB病毒小分子RNA片段进行检测。结果：130例标本中有6例（4.48％）癌组织呈阳性反应，其中4例为男性，4例有明显淋巴细胞浸润。结论：EB病毒感染可能与我国部分大肠腺癌的发生有关，肿瘤细胞间质中大量淋巴细胞浸润可能是EB病毒感染的重要病理学特征。     

人胎盘基因表达谱芯片的初步研究

目的：制备人胎盘基因表达谱芯片，并用于基因差异表达分析。方法：用基因芯片点样仪将胎盘基因文库探讨打印在氨基包被的玻片上制备表达谱芯片。分别提取对照组与三氧化二砷处理的K562细胞总RNA，纯化mRNA后反转录成cDNA，再以限制性显示技术进行荧光标记，将两组荧光标记的样品混合后与芯片进行杂交，杂交后清洗芯片，干燥后对芯片进行扫描，分析杂交结果。结果：建立了较可靠的制备与检测基因表达谱芯片的方法，并筛选出45个差异表达基因片段，结论：制备的人胎盘基因表达谱芯片可有效地应用于基因的差异表达分析。     

MMP-9和TIMP-1表达失衡与乳腺癌浸润、转移的相关性

目的 研究乳腺癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶（MMP－9）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMP－1）的表达变化与乳腺癌生物学行为及淋巴结转移的关系。方法 应用SP免疫组织化学方法检测85例乳腺癌组织MMP－9，TIMP－1及细胞增殖核抗原ki-67的表达情况。结果 MMP-9阳性染色率90．59％，MMP－9阳性表达与肿瘤浸润，淋巴结转移，ki-67指数及TNM分期呈正相关（Pearson列联系数分别为P=0.03,P=0.02,P=0.004和P＝0．0000，P＜0．05，0．01。TIMP－1阳性染色率为78．82％，TIMP－1阳性表达与肿瘤浸润，淋巴结转移及TNM分期浸润，转移及ki-67指数显著相关（P＜0．05，P＜0．01，P＜0．001）。结论 MMP－9和TIMP－1表达失衡与乳腺癌浸润及淋巴结转移密切相关。     

比索洛尔改善充血性心衰心功能及心肌重塑的疗效观察

目的　观察比索洛尔 (bisoprolol)对充血性心衰心功能及心肌重塑的临床疗效 .方法　 2 12例患者随机分为比索洛尔组和常规药物组 ,比索洛尔剂量起始量 0 .6 2 5 mg～1.2 5 0 mg,1次· d- 1 ,逐渐增加至最大剂量为 2 .5 mg～ 5 .0mg,1次· d- 1 .观察心功能、临床疗效、左室舒张末内径(L VEDD)、左室收缩末内径 (L VESD)、射血分数 (EF)、舒张早期 E峰流速 /舒张晚期 A峰流速 (VE/ VA) .结果　比索洛尔组与常规药物组比较 ,比索洛尔治疗 3m o后有效者(87.7% )高于常规药物组 (6 6 .0 % ) ,P <0 .0 5 ;冠心病(87.9% )和扩张型心肌病心衰 (91.9% )疗效明显好于常规药物组 (分别为 6 6 .7% ,6 7.4 % ) ;治疗 6 mo后重度心衰者疗效(90 .0 % )明显好于常规药物组 (6 5 .4 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) .治疗后比索洛尔组 L VESD[(44 .8± 3.9) m m vs(48.8± 4 .6 ) mm],EF[(40 .7± 7.5 ) % vs (35 .7± 5 .2 ) % ]优于常规药物组 (P<0 .0 1) ;L VEDD,VE/ VA也较治疗前有明显改善 .结论　比索洛尔改善充血性心力衰竭临床症状 ,促进心脏收缩、舒张功能恢复 ,部分逆转心肌重塑 .     

ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL AND N^5,N^10—METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH CEREBRAL INFARCTION

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level to stroke and genetic factor to elevated plasma Hcy level. METHODS: The plasma Hcy level was measured by capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection and the gene polymorphism of N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was studied with PCR-RFLP assay in 43 patients with cortical cerebral infarction and 42 healthy control. RESULTS: The plasma Hcy level of the patients (19.3 +/- 6.0 micromol/L) was markedly higher than that of the controls (13.7 +/- 5.4 micromol/L) (t = 4.16, P < 0.001). There are 3 genotypes, C/C, C/T and T/T, about base-variation of MTHFR gene at locus 677. The plasma Hcy level of the subjects with T/T genotype was higher than that of subjects with other genotypes. However, the frequencies of each genotype and allele were not significantly different between the patients and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated plasma Hcy level is a risk factor for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, and is related to the C-->T mutation at locus 677 of MTHFR gene.     

Modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine on memory: Involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system

These experiments examined the effects, on retention, of posttraining intra-amygdala administration of norepinephrine (NE), and propranolol. Rats were trained on a one-trial step-through inhibitory avoidance task and tested for retention 24 h later. Injections were administered bilaterally (1.0 microliter/injection) through chronically-implanted cannulae. Low doses of NE (0.1 or 0.3 microgram) administered shortly after training enhanced retention while higher doses (1.0 or 5.0 micrograms) were ineffective. Retention was not affected by NE administered 3 h after training. The effect of intra-amygdala NE on retention is blocked by simultaneous administration of propranolol (0.2 microgram). This finding suggests that the memory-enhancing effect of NE may be mediated by beta-receptors. Posttraining intra-amygdala NE also attenuated the retention deficit produced by adrenal demedullation. Further, intra-amygdala injections of propranolol (0.2 microgram) blocked the enhancing effect, on retention, of posttraining s.c. injections of epinephrine. These findings suggest that activation of noradrenergic receptors in the amygdala may be involved in memory processing and may play a role in the memory-modulating effect of peripheral epinephrine.