Decreased blood riboflavin levels are correlated with defective expression of RFT2 gene in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between blood riboflavin levels and riboflavin transporter 2 (RFT2) gene expression in gastric carcinoma (GC) development.METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect blood riboflavin levels in patients with GC. Real-time fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of RFT2 mRNA and protein in samples from 60 GC patients consisting of both tumor and normal tissue.RESULTS: A significant decrease in the RFT2 mRNA levels was detected in GC samples compared with those in the normal mucous membrane (0.398 ± 0.149 vs 1.479 ± 0.587; P = 0.040). Tumors exhibited low RFT2 protein expression (75%, 16.7%, 8.3% and 0% for no RFT2 staining, weak staining, medium staining and strong staining, respectively), which was significantly lower than that in the normal mucous membrane (10%, 16.7%, 26.7% and 46.7% for no RFT2 staining, weak staining, medium staining and strong staining, respectively; P < 0.05). Tumors with low RFT2 expression were significantly associated with tumor stage and histological grade. Moreover, a significantly decrease in Uyghur patients was observed compared with Han patients. However, other parameters-gender, tumor location and lymph node metastasis-showed no significant relationship with RFT2 expression. Blood riboflavin levels were reverse correlated with development of GC (1.2000 ± 0.97 569 ng/mL in high tumor stage patients vs 2.5980 ± 1.31 129 ng/mL in low tumor stage patients; P < 0.05). A positive correlation of plasma riboflavin levels with defective expression of RFT2 protein was found in GC patients (χ² = 2.619; P = 0.019).CONCLUSION: Defective expression of RFT2 is associated with the development of GC and this may represent a mechanism underlying the decreased plasma riboflavin levels in GC.     

微电极阵列技术研究肌质网钙ATP酶过表达对大鼠衰竭心肌电活动的改善作用

目的 探索重组腺病毒(rAd)介导的肌质网Ca2+-ATP酶(SERCA2a)过表达对大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭心肌电活动节律和传导的改善作用,并探讨可能的电活动机制.方法 将26只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(n=l0),空病毒对照组(rAd.β-gal组,n=8)和肌质网Ca2+-ATP酶(SERCA2a)转染组(rAd.SERCA2a组,n=8).假手术组仅开胸不结扎动脉,rAd.β-gal组和rAd.SERCA2a组分别进行左冠状动脉前降支结扎建立大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭动物模型,同时分别将携带β-gal和SERCA2a基因的重组腺病毒(rAd)导入衰竭心脏,术后2周超声心电图检测心脏舒张功能和收缩功能,心电图监测体表心电活动以及微电极阵列(MEA)技术监测离体心脏组织电活动情况.结果 rAd携带SERCA2a与β-gal基因均成功转入大鼠衰竭心脏.rAd.SERCA2a组可改善心功能,与假手术组相比心室舒张末期容积与心室收缩末期容积轻微增加[(0.41±0.13)cm2对(0.39±0.02)cm2,(0.08±0.02)cm2对(0.06±0.01)cm2,P＞0.05],左心室射血分数[(0.82±0.05)对(0.86±0.01),P＞0.05]和短轴缩短率[(46.6±2.32)％对(49.58±1.71)％,P＞0.05]无明显改变.与假手术组相比,rAd.β-gal组体表心电图QT间期延长[(111.02±7.42) ms对(94.7±1.55) ms,n=6,P＜0.05],室性早搏发生率达71.5％ (5/7),而rAd.SERCA2a组QT间期缩短[(81.45±4.97)ms对(94.7±1.55)ms,n=6,P＜0.05],室性早搏发生率达14.3％(1/7).MEA记录可发现rAd.SERCA2a组心率与假手术组相比差异无统计学意义[(435±31)次/min对(442 ±22)次/min,n=6,P＞0.05],与rAd.β-gal组相比,rAd.SERCA2a组最大场电位[(0.82±0.39)mV对(0.64±0.13) mV,n=6,P＜0.05]、最小场电位[(1.88±0.57) mV对(1.35±0.12) mV n=6,P＜0.05]、场电位时限[(124.17±21.08)ms对(113.23±12.02) ms n=6,P＜0.05]均延长;rAd.β-gal组梗死区与梗死对侧区心肌组织场电位时限差异有统计学意义[(60.36±2.08)ms对(103.24±7.35) ms,n=5,P＜0.05],并且60通道记录梗死区心肌组织场电位时限离散度大于rAd.SERCA2a组[(38.5ms±4.62)ms对(26.88±5.09) ms,n=5];rAd.SERCA2a组传导基本一致,使心肌梗死面心室肌组织电活动呈均一性传导.结论 SERCA2a转基因治疗可以显著改善心力衰竭大鼠的左心室收缩功能、舒张功能,同时可以降低心肌梗死后心力衰竭伴发心律失常的发生,改善心脏电活动的均一传导.MEA技术是一项检测心血管疾病动物模型心脏组织电生理节律和频率以及传导活动的理想技术.     

以双向阻滞作为阵发性心房颤动肺静脉电隔离终点的临床研究

目的 评价以左心房-肺静脉电联系双向阻滞作为环肺静脉消融电隔离术终点对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)导管消融疗效的影响.方法 在76例阵发性房颤患者导管消融达到左心房-肺静脉传入阻滞后,分别于每根肺静脉内起搏评价肺静脉-左心房传导情况.据此分为双向阻滞组(传入与传出均阻滞)和传入阻滞组,随访观察房颤导管消融的临床疗效.结果 76例均完成导管消融术,306根肺静脉(2例患者存在右中肺静脉)均达到左心房-肺静脉电学传入阻滞之传统终点.18例消融术后左心房-肺静脉传导呈双向阻滞,58例仅传入阻滞.平均随访(6.85±1.08)个月,1次消融成功率为77.63％.其中,双向阻滞组为83.33％,传入阻滞组为75.86％,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后房性心动过速发生率5.26％(4/76),无心脏压塞、脑栓塞、左心房食管瘘等并发症以及死亡发生.结论 以左心房-肺静脉传导双向阻滞为房颤导管消融终点治疗阵发性房颤的策略似乎临床疗效较好.     

失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化抗病毒治疗耐药增加肝细胞癌风险研究

目的分析失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者队列肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)发生的危险因素及抗病毒方案的优化。方法选择2008年1月—2011年10月随访2年的193例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者队列,包括拉米夫定(LAM)组29例、阿德福韦(ADV)组57例、替比夫定(LDT)组30例、恩替卡韦(ETV)组38例及对照组39例。按HCC发生前是否耐药将接受抗病毒治疗患者分为耐药组(31例)和无耐药组(123例),分析各组Child-Pugh评分、病毒学指标、耐药率、HCC发生率、患者生存率及安全性。结果各抗病毒治疗组在随访2年时Child-Pugh评分较基线均显著下降(P均<0.05);血清HBVDNA水平明显低于基线值,各组HBeAg血清学转换率和HBeAg阴转率差异无统计学意义;ETV组累计2年耐药率低于LAM组、ADV组和LDT组(P均<0.05);抗病毒治疗各组及对照组间累计2年HCC发生率、患者生存率差异无统计学意义,但耐药组HCC发生率明显高于无耐药组和对照组(P均<0.05);在2年随访中各组均未出现严重肌病等不良反应。结论 ETV治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化疗效优于其他单药治疗,抗病毒治疗耐药可增加HCC发生风险。     

Choice of approach for hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma located in the caudate lobe: Isolated or combined lobectomy?

AIM: To investigate the significance of the surgical approaches in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in the caudate lobe with a multivariate regression analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model.METHODS: Thirty-six patients with HCC underwent caudate lobectomy at a single tertiary referral center between January 1995 and June 2010. In this series, left-sided, right-sided and bilateral approaches were used. The outcomes of patients who underwent isolated caudate lobectomy or caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy were compared. The survival curves of the isolated and combined resection groups were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by a log-rank test.RESULTS: Sixteen (44.4%) of 36 patients underwent isolated total or partial caudate lobectomy whereas 20 (55.6%) received a total or partial caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy. The median diameter of the tumor was 6.7 cm (range, 2.1-15.8 cm). Patients who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy had significantly longer operative time (240 min vs 170 min), longer length of hospital stay (18 d vs 13 d) and more blood loss (780 mL vs 270 mL) than patients who underwent a combined caudate lobectomy (P < 0.05). There were no perioperative deaths in both groups of patients. The complication rate was higher in the patients who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy than in those who underwent combined caudate lobectomy (31.3% vs 10.0%, P < 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates for the isolated caudate lobectomy and the combined caudate lobectomy groups were 54.5%, 6.5% and 0% and 85.8%, 37.6% and 0%, respectively (P < 0.05). The corresponding overall survival rates were 73.8%, 18.5% and 0% and 93.1%, 43.6% and 6.7% (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy is preferred because this approach is technically less demanding and offers an adequate surgical margin.     

腹水浓缩回输治疗肝癌合并顽固性腹水47例

目的观察腹水浓缩腹腔回输治疗肝癌合并顽固性腹水的并发症与疗效。方法对47例肝癌合并顽固性腹水患者进行73次腹水超滤浓缩,经腹腔回输体内。结果腹水回输相关事件8次,占10.9%(8/73);轻中度并发症7例,占9.5%(7/73);严重并发症6例次,占8.2%(6/73);治疗后腹围(92.8±4.5)cm与治疗前(98.7±7.3)cm比较,明显下降(P<0.05),治疗后每日尿量(1880.5±201.6)mL与治疗前(986.8±158.5)mL比较,明显增加(P<0.05);腹胀明显缓解且血压无明显下降。首次腹水回输后3～5d内死亡5例,15d、1个月病死率分别为23.9%、41.3%;3个月、1年病死率分别为78.2%、93.4%。结论腹水浓缩回输对肝癌合并顽固性腹水减轻症状有一定疗效,但不能改善患者预后。     

慢性肝损伤致肝纤维化过程中微小RNA200家族的表达

目的观察肝组织中微小RNA200(miR-200)家族成员在慢性肝损伤致肝纤维化过程中表达变化并探讨其机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠皮下注射四氯化碳(CCl4)制备肝纤维化模型,分别在2、4、6、8周处死大鼠测定肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST含量,观察肝组织病理改变,Real-time PCR检测肝组织miR-200a、b、c、141、429mRNA表达变化。结果模型各组大鼠肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST含量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),8周模型组肝纤维化明显,8周模型组肝组织中miR-200a、b、c、141、429mRNA表达较正常组显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 miR-200s在慢性肝损伤致肝纤维化过程中的表达变化,提示其参与慢性肝损伤及肝纤维化的发生发展。     

表象训练在虚拟现实内镜模拟器培训胃镜初学者中的应用

目的:探讨表象训练在胃镜技能获得中的作用.方法:分层抽样法抽取我校08级临床医学专业男学员30人,随机分为3组.A组(n=10)在常规模拟器练习过程中加入表象训练,B组(n=10)进行常规模拟器练习,C组(n=10)不做任何练习.完成培训结束时所有学员操作病例1,模拟器给出的评分,比较3组间的考核评分.所有学员接受培训前、后心理测评,评价心理状态是否稳定.结果:比较3组考核成绩显示,3组间总分差异有统计学意义,3组组间两两比较显示差异有统计学意义,其中A组优于B组,A组优于C组,B组优于C组.进一步分析差异原因,结果表明,安全性评分和准确性评分、残气量评分、患者痛苦指数评分、操作时间评分A、B、C3组间差异均有统计学意义;而A、B组两组之间比较,只有残气量评分、操作时间评分差异有统计学意义.结论:表象训练可提高使用虚拟现实内镜模拟器培训胃镜技能的效果,教学方法容易实施,学员容易掌握,是一种可行性较高的教学辅助方法.     

APACHEⅢ评分及氧合指数对老年重症肺炎预后影响的分析

目的 探讨APACHEⅢ评分与氧合指数对老年重症肺炎预后的影响.方法 56例患者,根据出院是否存活,分为存活组与死亡组,测定动脉血气,计算氧合指数,进行APACHEⅢ评分,分析APACHEⅢ评分与氧合指数对预后的影响.结果 存活组APACHEⅢ评分及氧合指数与死亡组比较,均有显著差异(P＜0.05),死亡组APACHEⅢ评分随住院延长而增高,氧合指数随住院延长而降低,存活组与之相反.氧合指数与APACHEⅢ评分负相关(r=-0.7542,P＜0.01).结论 APACHEⅢ评分与氧合指数有助判断病情危重程度,观察两者变化,对判断预后有一定的作用.     

Screening of patients with tuberculosis for diabetes mellitus in China

Objective There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China, and this study aimed to assess feasibility and results of screening patients with TB for DM within the routine healthcare setting of six health facilities. Method Agreement on how to screen, monitor and record was reached in May 2011 at a stakeholders’ meeting, and training was carried out for staff in the six facilities in July 2011. Implementation started in September 2011, and we report on 7 months of activities up to 31 March 2012. Results There were 8886 registered patients with TB. They were first asked whether they had DM. If the answer was no, they were screened with a random blood glucose (RBG) followed by fasting blood glucose (FBG) in those with RBG ≥ 6.1 mm (one facility) or with an initial FBG (five facilities). Those with FBG ≥ 7.0 mm were referred to DM clinics for diagnostic confirmation with a second FBG. Altogether, 1090 (12.4%) patients with DM were identified, of whom 863 (9.7%) had a known diagnosis of DM. Of 8023 patients who needed screening for DM, 7947 (99%) were screened. This resulted in a new diagnosis of DM in 227 patients (2.9% of screened patients), and of these, 226 were enrolled to DM care. In addition, 575 (7.8%) persons had impaired fasting glucose (FBG 6.1 to <7.0 mm ). Prevalence of DM was significantly higher in patients in health facilities serving urban populations (14.0%) than rural populations (10.6%) and higher in hospital patients (13.5%) than those attending TB clinics (8.5%). Conclusion This pilot project shows that it is feasible to screen patients with TB for DM in the routine setting, resulting in a high yield of patients with known and newly diagnosed disease. Free blood tests for glucose measurement and integration of TB and DM services may improve the diagnosis and management of dually affected patients.