胫骨平台骨折合并内侧副韧带损伤的诊治体会

[目的]探讨胫骨平台骨折伴膝内侧副韧带损伤的诊断及治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析本院1996年1月~2005年12月期间收治的52例胫骨平台骨折合并重度内侧副韧带损伤病例,并对有随访的49例(保守治疗21例,手术治疗28例)进行分析。[结果]随访10个月~9年(平均1.7年),按照Schatzker分型:Ⅱ型39例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅵ型4例。骨折均切开复位内固定,对韧带损伤的治疗分为2组,保守治疗组21例,膝关节功能:优11例,良9例,差1例。手术治疗组28例,Ⅰ期修复19例:优17例,良2例。Ⅱ期修复9例:优5例,良3例,差1例。[结论]胫骨平台骨折合并内侧副韧带损伤Ⅰ期修复效果理想。     

慢性硬膜下血肿术后并发症原因分析及应对措施

目的探讨慢性硬膜下血肿（chronic subdural hematoma，CSDH）术后并发症的原因及应对措施。方法回顾2000年至2004年手术治疗的85例CSDH患者，并结合有关文献进行相关分析。结果术后血肿复发3例，张力性气颅1例，脑挫裂1例，硬膜外血肿3例，脑脊液漏1例，脑内血肿1例。结论认识CSDH术后并发症的原因，早期采取有效措施，可有效预防并发症。     

脑梗死OCSP分型和预后

目的了解脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系。方法采用回顾性队列研究,登记2002年1月~2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系。结果OCSP各亚型构成比分变为:TACI占7.3%,PACI23.3%,POCI6.0%,LACI63.4%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PACI次之,卒中复发与分型无明显相关。结论OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据。     

Estimation of salt intake by urinary sodium excretion in a Portuguese adult population and its relationship to arterial stiffness.

BACKGROUND: Portugal has one of the highest mortality rates from stroke, a high prevalence of hypertension and probably a high salt intake level. AIM: To evaluate Portuguese salt intake levels and their relationship to blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a sample of four different adult populations living in northern Portugal. METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluating 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium (24 h UNa+), potassium and creatinine, blood pressure (BP), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an index of aortic stiffness in adult populations of sustained hypertensives (HT), relatives of patients with previous stroke (Fam), university students (US) and factory workers (FW), in the context of their usual dietary habits. RESULTS: We evaluated a total of 426 subjects, mean age 50 +/- 22 years, 56% female, BMI 27.9+/-5.1, BP 159/92 mmHg, PWV 10.4+/-2.2 m/s, who showed mean 24h UNa+ of 202 +/- 64 mmol/d, corresponding to a daily salt intake of 12.3 g (ranging from 5.2 to 24.8). The four groups were: HT: n = 245, 49 +/- 18 years, 92% of those selected, 69% treated, BP 163/94 mmHg, PWV 11.9 m/s, 24 h UNa+ 212 mmol/d, i.e. 12.4 g/d of salt); Fam: n = 38, 64 +/- 20 years, 57 % of those selected, BP 144/88 mmHg, PWV 10.5 m/s, 24 h UNa+ 194 mmol/d, i.e. 11.1 g/d of salt; US: n = 82, 22 +/- 3 years, 57% of those selected, BP 124/77 mmHg, PWV 8.7 m/s, 24h UNa+ 199 mmol/d, i.e. 11.3 g/d of salt; FW: n = 61, 39 9 years, 47% of those selected, BP 129/79 mmHg, PWV 9.5 m/s, 24 h UNa+ 221 mmol/d, i.e. 12.9 g/d of salt. The ratio of urinary sodium/potassium excretion (1.9 (0.4) was significantly higher in HT than the other three groups. In the 426 subjects, 24h UNa+ correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with systolic BP (r = 0.209) and with PWV (r=0.256) after adjustment for age and BP. Multivariate analysis showed that BP, age and 24h UNa+ correlated independently with PWV taken as a dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS: Four different Portuguese populations showed similarly high mean daily salt intake levels, almost double those recommended by the WHO. Overall, high urinary sodium excretion correlated consistently with high BP levels and appeared to be an independent determining factor of arterial stiffness. These findings suggest that Portugal in general has a high salt intake diet, and urgent measures are required to restrict salt consumption in order to prevent and treat hypertensive disease and to reduce overall cardiovascular risk and events.     

Cardiovascular protection from alcoholic drinks: scientific basis of the French Paradox.

This article discusses the cardiovascular protection afforded by low to moderate consumption of ethanol and the role of ethanol-induced preconditioning. Ethanol, a compound that is found in many popular beverages, has a whole range of cardiovascular protective effects when consumed in low to moderate doses. Although they have yet to be totally clarified, recent data suggest that a combination of several actions at the biochemical and molecular levels play a role in this protection. These include favorable changes in lipid metabolism, antioxidant effects, changes in hemostasis and platelet aggregation, arterial vasodilation mediated by NO release, induction of the expression of cardioprotective proteins, insulin sensitization and lower levels of inflammatory markers. Special emphasis will be given to ethanol-induced preconditioning. Some of the compounds present in red and white wine, such as resveratrol and quercetin, are also partly responsible for some of the cardioprotective effects of alcoholic drinks. These are due to antioxidant effects and changes in platelet aggregation, endothelial function and inflammatory response. The last part of the paper will focus on the clinical applications and possibilities raised by these new findings.     

C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位的手术治疗

目的:研究C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位的临床疗效。方法:13例患者中男8例,女5例;年龄23～65岁,平均36.5岁。骨盆骨折分型:C1型8例,C2型3例,C3型2例。髋臼“T”形骨折2例,粉碎性骨折9例,双柱骨折2例。均采用手术治疗,术前术后均采用股骨髁上牵引,术中采用髂腹股沟入路,必要时附加患髋后外侧切口,术中采用重建钢板固定。结果:本组随访时间6～28个月,平均13.4个月。髋臼骨折复位后残存移位:0～1mm9例,2～3mm2例,4～5mm2例,无>5mm者。髂骨骨折复位后各向残存移位:0～1mm9例,2～5mm3例,>5mm1例。3例原发性坐骨神经损伤的患者,术后3个月内其感觉、运动功能全部获得恢复。1例继发性坐骨神经损伤,术后6个月恢复。异位骨化2例,股骨头坏死、髋臼及股骨头软骨坏死、髋关节创伤性关节炎5例,患者关节疼痛、活动受限,影响功能。疗效综合评定:优8例,良1例,可2例,差2例。结论:C型骨盆骨折合并髋关节中心性脱位通过手术治疗,能够最大程度恢复其解剖结构,术后关节功能恢复较好。     

98例尿道下裂手术的体会

目的通过对尿道下裂手术的改进,进一步完善尿道下裂手术的技巧和护理。方法A组50例尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术中,采用皮下连续内翻缝合形成新尿道,且固定于阴茎海绵体,由阴茎根部自下而上多层次,多点缝合皮瓣皮下组织至阴茎海绵体上,均无间隙和死腔。B组48例采用常规手术方式作对照。结果A组50例尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术成功44例,B组48例成功17例,A组与B组相比成功率显著提高(P＜0．05)。结论尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术成功率关键在于术者对术式掌握的熟练程度和术中及术后对每个细节的认真处理。     

微创固定系统治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折

目的应用微创固定系统(less invasive stabilizing system,LISS)治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折,探讨其手术适应证及疗效。方法2003年12月至2004年6月应用LISS技术治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折41例,男29例,女12例;年龄24￣67岁,平均40.6岁。胫骨近端骨折28例,股骨远端骨折13例。多发伤22例(53.7%),陈旧性骨折6例(14.6%),翻修手术1例。新鲜骨折均采用关节面切开复位、干骺端闭合复位及经皮钢板固定技术;陈旧性骨折及翻修手术采用有限切开及经皮钢板固定技术。结果单侧LISS手术时间平均87.2min。全部病例随访13～21个月,平均16个月。3例股骨远端骨缺损患者平均于术后21.3周(19～24周)行植骨术,植骨术后22.3周(18～24周)骨折愈合。其余患者愈合时间平均15.1周(11～23周),完全负重时间平均16.8周(12～25周)。术中发生螺钉脱落1例,提拉复位装置断裂1例,工具断裂1例,螺钉未能按计划置入2例。术后发生关节面复位丢失1例,无感染、内固定松动、断裂及失败病例。按照Rasmussen骨折复位评分标准,优31例、良10例。术后1年关节活动范围2.4°～95.6°。术后1年HSS评分平均88.4分(58～98分),其中优27例、良10例、中3例、差1例,优良率90.2%。结论LISS为膝关节周围复杂骨折提供了一种新的治疗方法,特别是对常规方法难以处理的骨折。但其手术理念及手术技术与传统手术不同,还需要一定病例与随访的积累才能确定其疗效。     

维生素D衍生物联合供者骨髓细胞输注诱导异基因大鼠心脏移植免疫耐受

目的 探讨同种异基因心脏移植后免疫耐受的诱导。方法 建立大鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型，按分组分别给予门静脉输注供者骨髓细胞(DBMC)(B组)、骨化三醇灌胃(C组)、输注DBMC及骨化三醇灌胃(D组)以及环孢素A(CsA)灌胃(E组)。观察移植心脏的存活时间及心肌组织病理改变，测定心肌组织中肿瘤坏死因子及细胞间粘附分子-1 mRNA的表达以及血清钙、磷浓度，进行受者与供者及无关第三品系大鼠脾细胞混合淋巴细胞培养(MLR)。结果 D组移植心脏的存活时间较其它各组显著延长(P＜0．05)；术后7d，C组、D组、E组受者脾细胞均能显著抑制供者及第三方无关供者脾细胞作为刺激细胞引起的MLR；D组手术前后血磷、血钙浓度的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；各组急性排斥反应的程度，D组最轻；D组肿瘤坏死因子及细胞间粘附分子-1 mRNA的表达受到显著抑制，与对照组(A组)、B、C组比较，差异有显著性(P＜0．05)。结论 骨化三醇灌胃联合DBMC输注可显著延长移植心脏的存活时间，二者具有协同作用。