MSCT灌注成像在前列腺癌诊断中的初步研究

目的分析前列腺癌多层螺旋CT灌注成像的特点,探讨其在前列腺癌诊断中的初步临床应用价值.方法临床或手术病理证实的前列腺癌34例,前列腺增生65例,行病变中心层面灌注扫描,得到各组PF、PEI、TTP、BV值和TDC曲线,并对各组灌注值进行对比分析.结果 PC各灌注参数的平均值:PF为(32.5±10.86)mL/(min.mg)、PEI为(27.43±10.49)HU、TTP为(22.4±3.29)s、BV为(523.11±257.38)mL/g.与BPH组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).平均PF>21 mL/(min.mg)PC组数量多于平均PF<21 mL/(min.mg)组,平均TTP<25 s PC组数量明显多于平均TTP>25 s组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PC组呈现高灌注、早期强化特点;PF、TTP可以提供有价值的血流动力学信息,对PC的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定的意义.     

国人耻骨肌孔和腹膜前间隙的应用解剖研究

目的 通过测量男性国人耻骨肌孔的面积,观察腹膜前间隙的解剖情况,为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补的手术方式提供解剖依据.方法 解剖男性国人尸体24具,其中新鲜尸体2具,共计48侧.测量耻骨肌孔的面积.观察腹膜前间隙的器官结构及其位置毗邻关系.结果 国人尸体耻骨肌孔的平均面积为(19.5±3.7)cm2,左右两侧的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).耻骨肌孔大小与骨盆大小无相关性,腹壁下动脉的一些分支发至腹膜前间隙,在耻骨肌孔处的腹膜前间隙内下方有盆底静脉丛,有收集盆底血流的静脉(髂耻支)汇人腹壁下静脉,外上方有髂动、静脉,腹壁下血管斜行跨过耻骨肌孔,并发出2～3支小分支.结论 本研究能为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补手术提供解剖学依据,为修补材料的改进提供数据,使之适合中国人的解剖构造.     

环氧化酶-2预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后肿瘤复发的意义

目的探讨环氧化酶-2(C0X-2)在预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)后肿瘤复发中的作用。方法收集52例行TURBT治疗的膀胱肿瘤患者资料,采用免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织标本中COX-2的阳性表达,分析其与患者临床病理资料以及术后随访资料间的相关性。结果 52例标本中COX-2阳性表达30例,术后平均随访28.6个月,复发9例。COX-2阳性表达率与肿瘤T分期明显相关(P0.05),与患者年龄、性别、病理G分级、单/多发病灶之间没有相关性,单因素分析显示膀胱肿瘤术后复发与临床T分期(P0.01)、单/多发病灶(P0.05)密切相关,而与COX-2阳性表达率、肿瘤G分级、性别没有相关性。结论 COX-2作为TURBT术后肿瘤复发的预测因子及其具体机制有待进一步研究。     

神经内镜手术对幕上高血压性脑出血患者的疗效分析：一项单中心、回顾性、对照研究

目的：探讨神经内镜手术治疗幕上高血压性脑出血的效果。方法 ：回顾性选取2022年1月至2022 年12月我中心收治的42例幕上高血压性脑出血手术患者,以治疗方式分为神经内镜组和开颅手术组。神经内镜组患者采用神经内镜手术治疗,共22例;开颅手术组患者采用传统开颅手术,共20例。对比两组患者术后残余血肿量、术后3月mRS评分、死亡率及并发症率。结果：神经内镜组的术后残余血肿量小于15ml的患者比率77.3%（17/22）高于开颅手术组35.0%（7/20）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.022）;神经内镜组和开颅手术组的患者中,术后3个月预后良好的患者分别为14例（63.6%）和4例（20.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;开颅手术组中,1名（5.0%）患者发生了术后再出血,而神经内镜组中,1名（4.5%）患者发生了术后再出血,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;两组手术患者的肺部感染发生率均为100%,差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）;神经内镜组的术后死亡率13.6%（3/22）也低于开颅手术组30.0%（6/20）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：神经内镜手术治疗可提高幕上高血压性脑出血患者的血肿清除率,降低并发症发生率及死亡率,改善患者预后。     

MRCP对壶腹部影像解剖的研究

目的：研究正常壶腹部影像解剖,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法：对2008-08-01—2009-01-01行MRCP检查的正常志愿者42例,用多个指标进行测量、观察其壶腹部结构。结果：胰胆管汇合呈＂Y＂型的占71.4%（30/42）,＂V＂型的占16.7%（7/42）;＂U＂型的占11.9%（5/42）,部分测量参数个体差异较大;十二指肠大乳头的出现率为19.0%（8/42）,多为半圆形。结论：熟悉正常壶腹部影像解剖对于病灶的发现及一些征象的鉴别有重要意义。     

上海部分地铁站空调冷却塔水军团菌污染状况调查

[目的 ]了解上海部分地铁站军团菌污染状况。 [方法 ]应用优化检验技术对 2 0 0 1年 3～ 11月上海部分地铁站的 10 2件空调冷却塔水样进行军团菌的分离培养与鉴定。 [结果 ] 10 2件样品中分离出 46株军团菌 ,污染率为45 10 %。 [结论 ]上海部分地铁站军团菌污染情况较为严重 ,需引起重视以防止军团菌的爆发流行     

双源64层CT的工作原理及其临床应用

本文对双源64层CT的基本结构、工作原理及其临床应用做了介绍。     

浅谈盖诺外渗引起局部组织溃疡的护理体会

目的：探讨盖诺外渗时不同处理方法对病人的皮肤组织损伤产生的影响。方法：对12例盖诺外渗患者使用：局部封闭，冷热敷，抗生素软膏外涂，清创，安普贴外贴等处理盖诺外渗，观察结果及疗效。结果：化疗过程中12例发生了盖诺外渗，1例迅速发生了静脉炎。行中心静脉置管的无1例外渗。结论：安普贴外贴处理盖诺外渗引起的组织溃疡促进伤口愈合，操作简单，疗效可靠。减轻病人的痛苦，减轻护理工作量。     

Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder

ContextValerian extract capsule (VEC) is an effective Chinese patent medicine used for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the detailed pharmacological activity for VEC clinical effects in GI diseases.Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, model, and drug-treated (VEC-L, VEC-M, VEC-H, and teprenone). Rats were orally administered VEC (124, 248, 496 mg/kg) and teprenone (21.43 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. After 1 h, the five groups (except the control group) were orally given ethanol (10 mL/kg) for 1 h or indomethacin (80 mg/kg) for 7 h. The spasmolytic activity of VEC (0.01–1 mg/mL) on ACh/BaCl₂-induced New Zealand rabbit smooth muscle contraction was performed. The C57BL/6 mice carbon propelling test evaluated the effects of VEC (248–992 mg/kg) on intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.ResultsCompared with the model group, VEC treatment reduced the gastric lesion index and mucosal damage. Further experiments showed that the pathological ameliorative effect of VEC was accompanied by augmentation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and cytoprotective marker (COX-1, p < 0.01; PGI2 p < 0.05;), along with the alleviation of the levels of MPO (ethanol: 15.56 ± 0.82 vs. 12.15 ± 2.60, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 9.65 ± 3.06 vs. 6.36 ± 2.43, p < 0.05), MDA (ethanol: 1.66 ± 0.44 vs. 0.81 ± 0.58, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 1.71 ± 0.87 vs. 1.09 ± 0.43, p < 0.05), and inflammatory mediators. VEC decreased the high tone induced by ACh/BaCl₂ and promoted intestinal transit in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.Discussion and conclusionsVEC showed a potential gastroprotective effect, suggesting that VEC is a promising phytomedicine for the treatment of GI diseases.     

Short-Term Visual Experience Leads to Potentiation of Spontaneous Activity in Mouse Superior Colliculus

Spontaneous activity in the brain maintains an internal structured pattern that reflects the external environment,which is essential for processing information and developing perception and cognition.An essential prerequisite of spontaneous activity for perception is the ability to reverberate external information,such as by potentiation.Yet its role in the processing of potentiation in mouse superior colliculus(SC)neurons is less studied.Here,we used electrophysiological recording,optogenetics,and drug infusion methods to investigate the mechanism of potentiation in SC neurons.We found that visual experience potentiated SC neurons several minutes later in different developmental stages,and the similarity between spontaneous and visually-evoked activity increased with age.Before eye-opening,activation of retinal ganglion cells that expressed ChR2 also induced the potentiation of spontaneous activity in the mouse SC.Potentiation was dependenton stimulus number and showed feature selectivity for direction and orientation.Optogenetic activation of parvalbumin neurons in the SC attenuated the potentiation induced by visual experience.Furthermore,potentiation in SC neurons was blocked by inhibiting the glutamate transporter GLT1.These results indicated that the potentiation induced by a visual stimulus might play a key role in shaping the internal representation of the environment,and serves as a carrier for short-term memory consolidation.