Successful treatment of corrosive esophageal strictures after failed esophageal reconstructions with colon and jejunum

Dense and extensive esophageal strictures after caustic agent ingestion require surgical treatment. Colon, stomach and jejunum can be used to reconstruct esophagus. Here, we report an unusual patient with corrosive esophageal stricture who had received unsuccessful esophageal replacements twice at other hospitals. Colon interposition had been first performed 6 months after corrosive esophageal burn, but the colon graft necrosis occurred. Esophageal reconstruction had been carried out 10 years later in another hospital. However, the graft necrosis developed again 5 months later. A salvage operation was performed to remove the necrotic transplant in our hospital. Then as much food as possible had been given to expand the stomach through the gastrostomy since the procedure. The patient underwent esophagecto-my and concomitant gastroesophagostomy in the neck 1. 5 years later. Esophageal dilations had been performed to prevent recurrent anastomotic stricture for 1 year. He has eaten a normal diet since being discharged.     

早期干预对早产儿生存质量影响的研究

目的探讨早期干预对提高早产儿生存质量的作用。方法对128例早产儿采用医务人员和家长相结合的摸式,按照鲍秀兰教授主编的0~3岁教育大纲进行早期干预(教育),设为干预组;90例出院后家长拒绝干预的早产儿设为对照组。对两组患儿定期随访,进行体格发育检查和应用Gesell婴幼儿发育量表测试发育商(DQ)。对脑损害较重的患儿给予新生儿期后的继续治疗。对两组早产儿随访结果进行对比分析。结果干预组一周岁半时,除一例伤残儿外,体重、身长、头围均达正常,而对照组有17例体重或身长低于正常(P<0·01);干预组各个能区的DQ均高于对照组(P均<0·01),一周岁半时平均总DQ(103·1±10·3)明显高于对照组的(88·7±10·7),差异有统计学意义(t=9·61,P<0·01),干预组总DQ<70仅1例(1/128,0·78%),而对照组有6例(6/90,6·67%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5·9,P<0·05);干预组脑瘫发生率0·78%(1/128),低于对照组的3·33%(3/90)。差异有统计学意义(χ2=7·75,P<0·01)。结论医务人员和家长密切配合,对早产儿早期干预(教育),可促进体格和智能发育,减少伤残,提高生存质量。     

Plasma proteomic profiling for detecting and differentiating in situ and invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix

The objective of this study was to identify multiple plasma protein markers that might be characteristic of in situ and invasive cervical cancers. Plasma samples obtained from patients with in situ cervical cancer (carcinoma in situ [CIS], n= 32), from patients with early invasive cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], n= 60), and from age-matched disease-free controls (n= 37) were analyzed by cation-exchange protein chips and surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A classification tree defined by six protein peaks could discriminate 84 of the 92 cancers (CIS and SCC) and 36 of the 37 controls, with 91% sensitivity and 97% specificity. In comparing the CIS and SCC samples, two protein peaks with Mr values of 6586.41 and 3805.68 were able to classify 55 of the 60 SCC and 31 of the 32 CIS samples, with 92% sensitivity and 97% specificity. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of differentiating in situ and invasive cervical cancers through plasma protein profiling. Identification of the proteins different in invasive and in situ cancer may be of great value in the understanding of cervical cancer invasion and in the development of novel therapeutic intervention.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与原发性肾病综合征脂质代谢紊乱的关系

目的研究原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿载脂蛋白E(apoE)主要等位基因和基因型的分布规律,探讨apoE基因多态性与PNS脂质代谢紊乱的关系。方法检测PNS患儿46例和正常小儿39例血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、apoA1、apoB和apoA1/B,同时用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)结合测序的方法确定apoE基因型,并根据平衡法计算出各等位基因频率。结果1.肾病组TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoB、apoA1/B均明显高于对照组(P均<0.01);2.肾病组apoE2/2频率显著高于对照组(χ2=4.50 P<0.05);3.肾病组不同基因型和等位基因各项血脂指标均未见明显差异。结论PNS患儿存在明显脂质代谢紊乱,apoE2/2频率显著增高,apoE基因多态性对PNS患儿血脂水平未见明显影响。     

大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征

目的探讨大剂量盐酸氨溴索(沐舒坦)联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效。方法选择NRDS患儿114例,随机分成治疗组(n=58)和对照组(n=56),两组在相同综合治疗的基础上,对照组予头罩吸氧(氧流量4~6 L/min),治疗组予大剂量沐舒坦30 mg/(kg.d),分2次用5%葡萄糖注射液20 mL稀释后静脉滴注,并联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气(NCPAP),其参数设定为流量6~8 L/min,吸入氧浓度(FiO2)0.4~0.6,压力为5~8 cm H2O,观察两组治疗后12及48 h的临床表现及血气变化,比较pa(O2)及pa(CO2)及pa(O2)/FiO2的变化。结果治疗组44例经治疗12 h及48h后,呼吸困难和呻吟明显减轻或消失,血pa(O2)升高,pa(CO2)下降,氧合参数明显增加,其中以胸片RDS分级Ⅰ及Ⅱ级效果较佳,Ⅲ及Ⅳ级效果较差;治疗组总有效率75.8%,而对照组为26.7%,两组疗效及血气、氧合指数比较均有显著性差异。结论大剂量沐舒坦联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气能改善通气及氧合,对新生儿RDS有较好的疗效,尤其对胸片RDS分级Ⅰ级及Ⅱ级的患儿,早期应用可避免气管插管,减少机械通气率。     

先天性小肠闭锁术后肠动力功能障碍的原因探讨

目的探讨小肠闭锁术后发生肠动力功能障碍的原因及手术切除病变肠管范围。方法对小肠闭锁手术切除小肠标本15例及对照组6例非肠道或神经系统疾病死亡的足月新生儿尸检小肠标本肠壁S-100蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和c-kit蛋白进行免疫组化研究。观察闭锁两端肠壁肠神经系统（ENS）、平滑肌和肠间质细胞（ICCs）病理改变及其分布范围，并行统计学处理。结果闭锁近端肠壁S-100、α-SMA和c—kit阳性表达明显低于对照组。随远离盲端，以上指标呈逐渐增加趋势。在闭锁近端16cm、远端4cm处，三者病变总体趋于正常。结论小肠闭锁两端肠壁与肠动力密切相关的ENS、平滑肌和ICCs均存在病变。是小肠闭锁术后发生肠道动力功能障碍的原因。在患儿小肠长度允许的情况下．切除闭锁近端肠管16cm以上，而远端切除4cm．可减少或避免术后肠动力功能障碍的发生。     

计算机X线断层照像术在支气管异物诊断中的意义

目的探讨计算机X线断层照像术(CT)在儿童支气管异物诊断中的临床意义。方法对21例可疑支气管异物的患儿进行螺旋CT横断面扫描和冠状面重建,采用支气管镜术证实诊断。结果患儿均显示异物的直接征象,CT显示异物位于右肺主支气管12例,右中间支气管1例,右下叶支气管2例,左肺主支气管6例。支气管异物均经支气管镜术取出。结论CT扫描可显示儿童支气管异物,并能精确定位,对病史、体征和常规X线表现不典型的患儿有重要诊断价值。     

腺苷蛋氨酸治疗新生儿黄疸202例

目的观察腺苷蛋氨酸(SAMe)治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效,探讨其作用机制。方法新生儿黄疸患儿278例,随机分为两组。对照组76例予以肝酶诱导剂、光疗等综合治疗;治疗组202例在综合治疗基础上加用SAMe 30~60 mg/(kg.d),静脉注射。动态检测血清总胆红素(T-BILI)、直接胆红素(D-BILI)、间接胆红素(I-BILI)。结果治疗组用药6 d后血清T-BILI、D-BILII、-BILI明显下降。治疗组较对照组治愈率明显高,与对照比较应用血液制品、清蛋白(Alb)次数及应用血液制品、Alb血浆的比例明显减少。治疗组以葡萄糖注射液溶解药物者2.68%发生浅表血管静脉炎。结论SAMe能有效地加快新生儿黄疸的消退,减少血液制品应用,是新生儿黄疸可靠、安全的治疗药物。     

更昔洛韦治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜应用指征

目的探讨更昔洛韦(GCV)治疗人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染相关的特发性血小板减少性紫癜的(ITP)应用指征。方法选择血清HCMV DNA PCR和(或)HCMV IgM检测呈阳性ITP患儿46例,采用逆转聚合酶扩增反应(RT-PCR)检测巨核系祖细胞中HCMV晚期抗原mRNA,并行GCV治疗,判定其疗效及应用指征。结果46例血清HCMV-DNA PCR阳性和(或)血清HCMV-IgM阳性的ITP骨髓巨核祖细胞HCMV晚期抗原基因mRNA阳性19例,GCV治疗有效16例,mRNA阴性27例,GCV治疗有效4例。阳性组疗效高于阴性组,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论HCMV感染的ITP患儿,若对常规治疗无效,应检测其巨核祖细胞内HCMV晚期抗原基因mRNA,阳性者是应用更昔洛韦的有效指征。