不同培养体系对脐血造血干细胞粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位的影响

目的比较H4534与GF-H4434两种甲基纤维素培养基对脐血生成粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位（CFU-GM）的影响。方法从新鲜脐血标本中分离出造血干细胞,接种于H4534和GF—H4434培养基,于37℃、5％二氧化碳饱和湿度条件下培养14—16d。结果在样本中CD34＋细胞百分率和有核细胞总数检测结果相似的情况下,H4534与GF—H4434培养条件下CFU-GM集落数分别为（55．71±28．24）／105与（66．28±31．99）／105,两者比较差异有统计学意义（u=4．16,P〈0．05）。GF-H4434培养条件下还产生了红细胞爆裂型集落形成单位（64．89±34．95）／105和粒细胞-红细胞-巨噬细胞-单核细胞集落形成单位（2．53±2．08）／105。结论GF—H4434甲基纤维素培养基中脐血样本CFU-GM集落形成能力更强,更适合脐血质量鉴定。     

经尿道2μm激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨采用RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法采用2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌86例,其中单发肿瘤49例,多发肿瘤37例,肿瘤直径0.4～3.0cm,术前病理均提示低级别尿路上皮癌。术后6h膀胱内灌注化疗药物。结果全部手术均成功,手术时间10～45min,平均20min,术中出血极少,无闭孔神经反射及膀胱穿孔、尿外渗,无水中毒。尿管留置5～8d,平均6d。术后82例获随访4～26个月,仅5例(6.1%)非原手术区复发。结论 RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是有效和安全的,术中、术后并发症少,术后复发率低,但对其长远疗效还需进一步观察。     

Anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil under spontaneous respiration assisted with high‐frequency jet ventilation for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in 586 children

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common life‐threatening event in young children. Tracheobronchial foreign body removal is usually performed by rigid tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Anesthetic and ventilation techniques vary greatly among anesthesiologists and institutions. In the present retrospective study, we report our anesthetic experience over 5 years. We describe complications and outcomes and analyze the clinical characteristics of anesthesia and ventilation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed relevant clinical findings of 586 pediatric patients treated with rigid tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. All procedures were performed under inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia combined with remifentanil infusion, with spontaneous respiration assisted by high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and topical airway anesthesia. Results: Among 586 patients, the foreign body was successfully removed by rigid tracheobronchoscopy in 558 patients, and no foreign body was found in 28 patients. Laryngospasm was observed during the procedure in five patients. Hypoxemia was observed in 15 patients (2.6%). No severe complications or deaths occurred. The mean operation time was 22 min and the average hospital stay was 2 days. Conclusion: Inhaled sevoflurane anesthesia combined with remifentanil infusion, with spontaneous respiration assisted by HFJV and topical airway anesthesia, is safe and effective for tracheobronchial foreign body removal.     

Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: Current practice and results of renal transplantation

Objective: In 2009, 1659 patients with end‐stage renal failure in Hong Kong were waiting for a renal transplant. The overall number of renal transplants carried out locally remains low, with an even lower number being live donor donations. Yet, live donor kidney transplantation yields results that are consistently superior to those of deceased donor kidney transplantation, and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is increasingly accepted worldwide as a safe and preferred surgical option. We aim to evaluate the outcome of LDN in our setting, and to compare with that of deceased donors in this retrospective review. Patients and Methods: A total of 12 patients received LDN over the study period of 2006–2009. Standard left transperitoneal LDN was carried out. Grafts including three with double vessels were prepared using the bench technique. The postoperative outcomes up to 1 year for both the donors and the recipients were studied. Contemporary results for the 47 deceased donor kidneys were studied and compared. Results: All donors had an eventful recovery. The operating time was 225.0 ± 67.4 min. The hospital stay was 5.6 ± 2.3 days. The recipient outcomes including hospital stay and creatinine levels at discharge and 1 year were 11 days, 121 umol/L and 116 umol/L, respectively. Specifically, no ureteric stricture or graft loss was noted at the 1‐year follow up. Recipient complications included haematoma (1 patient), renal artery stenosis (1 patient) and redo of vascular anastomosis (1 patient). In contrast, the deceased donor graft recipients had a hospital stay of 11 days, and creatinine levels of 205 umol/L on discharge and 205 umol/L at 1 year, respectively. The delayed graft function rates for the live donor and deceased donors group were 0% and 14.9%, whereas the 1‐year graft survival rates were 100% and 87.2% respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the donor morbidity rate was low, as reflected by the short hospital stay. Also, the overall parameters of recipients were good. In particular, no ureteric stricture was noted, and graft survival was 100% at 1 year. Living donor kidney transplant program using the laparoscopic technique is a viable option to improve the pool of kidneys for transplantation.     

伸肘位手法复位ū形石膏槽板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折15年回顾——附330例报告

目的探讨伸肘位手法复位ū形石膏槽板固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床疗效.方法对1997年8月至2012年2月采用伸肘位手法复位ū形石膏槽板固定治疗并获得随访的330例肱骨髁上骨折患儿的病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果330例患儿中骨折端达到解剖和/或功能复位322例,占97.6%;余8例手法复位不满意,改行交叉克氏针内固定结合ū形石膏槽板外固定.随访时间0.5~6年(平均3.4年).骨折愈合时间3~6周(平均4.5周).术后1、2、3个月及末次随访时的改良肘关节美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05).随访期间全组患儿肘关节屈伸功能均恢复正常.末次随访时X线片测量肘关节携物角为0°~5°者18例、6°~10°者246例、10°~15°者66例,平均肘关节携物角为11°.无迟发性肘内翻、外翻、过伸及内外旋转畸形,无Volkman缺血性肌挛缩.结论对于儿童肱骨髁上骨折,伸肘位有利于解剖/功能复位与固定;ū形石膏槽板设计合理、结构坚固、无需更换,能够维持骨折端稳定的固定效果,防止肘内翻畸形的发生.     

不同方案治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效研究

目的探讨慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者最优化的临床治疗方案。方法收集2008年1月—2010年1月在福建医科大学附属传染病医院住院治疗的302例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者,所有患者分为A组（内科治疗）57例,B组（内科＋抗病毒治疗）80例,c组（内科＋抗病毒＋人工肝治疗）124例,D组（内科＋抗病毒＋人工肝＋中医治疗）41例。观察患者治疗基线、治疗第1、4、8、12周及治疗结束时的肝功能、。肾功能、凝血酶原活动度（胛A）、HBVDNA等指标,并在治疗结束后随访48周观察其存活情况。应用Kruskal—Willis H检验比较治疗后的临床疗效,应用Cox比例风险回归模型进行生存分析。结果治疗4周后四组间的临床疗效差异无统计学意义（H=3．213,P=0．360）,治疗12周后的临床疗效差异有统计学意义（H=8．722,P=0．033）。四组1年病死率分别为36．84％（21／57）、32．50％（26／80）、26．61％（33／124）和24．39％（10／41）。C组治疗方法的死亡风险是B组的0．566倍（P=0．036）;D组治疗方法的死亡风险是B组的0．396倍（P=0．016）。结论在内科治疗的基础上加用核苷（酸）类药物及人工肝单纯血浆置换术可明显提高慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的生存率。     

股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后的骨缺损

 目的 总结以股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后骨缺损的手术技术要点,探讨其手术适应证。方法 自2006年10月至2011年5月,对5例骨盆恶性肿瘤患者采用同侧股骨近端截骨上移重建骨盆环连续性、肿瘤型人工关节假体重建髋关节,男3例,女2例;年龄19~55岁,平均30.6岁。软骨肉瘤3例、原始神经外胚层瘤2例。3例肿瘤累及骨盆Ⅰ+Ⅱ区,2例累及Ⅱ+Ⅲ区。所有患者均获得随访,统计并发症发生情况,采用国际骨肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)功能评分评价患肢功能,评价肿瘤学预后。结果 至末次随访时5例患者中1例死亡,1例带瘤生存,其余3例无瘤生存。主要并发症包括肿瘤局部复发、假体松动、植骨不愈合、浅表感染、坐骨神经麻痹。1例患者术后15个月发生植骨不愈合,内固定松动,可扶拐行走。1例患者因假体松动,术后26个月行翻修手术。1例患者术后6个月肿瘤局部复发改行截肢手术;1例术后18个月局部复发,未进一步处理带瘤生存。MSTS评分为11~25分,平均19.2分。结论 同侧股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后的骨缺损是一种有效重建骨盆连续性的方法,既适用于骨盆Ⅱ+Ⅲ区缺损,也适用于骨盆Ⅰ+Ⅱ区缺损。但此术式仍具有较高的并发症发生率,其近期效果与骨盆假体类似,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

Rictor-dependent AKT activation and inhibition of urothelial carcinoma by rapamycin

ObjectiveWe previously reported a very high cumulative incidence of urothelial carcinoma in Taiwanese kidney transplant recipients. Rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR Complex 1, provides alternative immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation with less neoplastic potential. We examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of rapamycin on urothelial carcinoma.Materials and methodsThe rat model of urothelial carcinoma was induced by 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in Fischer F344 rats. The anti-tumor effect of rapamycin was assessed grossly, microscopically, and by Western blot analysis. The mechanism of rapamycin's attenuation of urothelial carcinoma was also evaluated by T24 cells.ResultsRapamycin significantly reduced urinary bladder tumor growth in the rat model of 0.05% BBN-induced urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.001). The blood trough levels of rapamycin were correlated with the occurrence of urothelial carcinoma. In vitro, rapamycin also inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A of T24 urothelial carcinoma cells, whereas rapamycin did not induce significant apoptosis in T24 cells. Rapamycin decreased the expression of phospho-mTOR, phospho-S6K, cyclin D1, and VEGF-A. Rapamycin also activated AKT in T24 cells in the rat model of urothelial carcinoma. The rapamycin-associated activation of AKT was inhibited by rictor siRNA, but not raptor siRNA.ConclusionsThis study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence that rapamycin may inhibit the development of urothelial carcinoma. The present findings also suggest rictor-dependent AKT activation as a consequence of mTORC1 inhibition.     

CT联合血清CEA、CA19-9检测对胰腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨CT联合血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原(CA19-9)检测在胰腺癌诊断中的意义.方法:回顾性分析35例经手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者,对CT及血清CEA、CA19-9检查结果进行比较,分析CT联合血清CEA、CA19～9检测对胰腺癌的诊断价值.结果:联合检测的确诊率明显高于CT影像检查、血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9单独检测,联合检测与各单项检测之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:CT影像联合血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9检测有助于胰腺癌的临床诊断.     

不同影像学检查对胰腺癌的诊断分析

目的:探讨超声、X线计算机体层摄影术(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)三种影像学检查方法在胰腺癌诊断中的意义.方法:对52例患者超声、CT、MRI检查结果及术后病理检查结果进行了比较,分析超声、CT、MRI检查对胰腺癌的诊断价值.结果:超声、CT、MRI检查的灵敏度分别为78.1％、87.5％、90.6％.CT、MRI的灵敏度明显高于超声检查,CT与MRI灵敏度接近.结论:超声、CT、MRI检查各有其特点,应根据情况合理运用.