大鼠脑损伤局部谷氨酸的异常释放对乳酸含量变化的影响

目的探讨谷氨酸(Glu)在大鼠脑损伤局部的异常释放以及其对乳酸(Lac)含量变化的影响。方法采用大鼠局部脑损伤动物模型,分为对照组、损伤组、干预组。伤前15min干预组注射Riluzole(一种Glu突触前释放抑制剂),损伤组注射等容量的生理盐水,对照组仅开骨窗不损伤脑。应用微透析技术检测各组伤后不同时间透析液中Glu含量([Glu]d)及Lac含量([Lac]d)变化。结果[Glu]d及[Lac]d在伤后15min、30min和45min干预组明显低于损伤组(P<0.05),而明显高于对照组(P<0.05);在伤后60min,损伤组仍明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。伤后不同时间[Glu]d和[Lac]d变化呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论脑损伤后受损脑组织细胞液中Glu水平的升高是Glu神经元末梢大量释放Glu所致,并继而引起了Lac的含量升高。     

柯达干式激光成像仪的原理、应用与维护

阐述了柯达DryView系列干式激光成像仪的工作原理、日常使用须知及维护保养。     

高龄股骨颈骨折人工关节置换的围手术期处理

目的:对行人工关节置换手术的高龄股骨颈骨折患者进行围手术期综合处理,探讨其围手术期治疗的必要性与重要性。方法:68例股骨颈骨折的高龄患者,男28例,女40例;年龄70～88岁,平均76.4岁。所有患者于关节置换术前采用有效的降糖,降压,营养心肌,保肝,纠正贫血、低蛋白血症等综合处理,控制合并症。患者全身情况、脏器功能状况可耐受手术后行人工关节置换手术。结果:所有患者均安全渡过手术期,切口Ⅰ期愈合。1例术后早期出现腹泻并发症,经应用制霉菌素及金双岐调节肠道菌群,腹泻控制。按Harris标准评价疗效,优39例,良24例,可5例,优良率92.6%。结论:严格有效的围手术期综合治疗是处理高龄股骨颈骨折患者行人工关节置换手术的安全保障。     

大鼠不同脑区微量注射蝇蕈醇与氯苯氨丁酸镇痛作用比较

目的观察并比较GABAa受体激动剂蝇蕈醇及GABAb受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸在大鼠不同脑区的镇痛作用。方法实验分侧脑室、室旁核和海马三组 ,每组又分成生理盐水对照组、蝇蕈醇组及氯苯氨丁酸组 ,分别经侧脑室、海马和室旁核”微量注射生理盐水或药物 ( 1× 1 0 - 3 mol·L- 1,1 μl) ,在大鼠甩尾测痛模型上”测定大鼠的痛阈。结果微量注射蝇蕈醇和氯苯氨丁酸在不同脑区均可不同程度地提高大鼠的痛阈 (与生理盐水对照组相比 ,P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,虽然蝇蕈醇与氯苯氨丁酸在侧脑室和室旁核的镇痛作用无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但氯苯氨丁酸在海马的镇痛作用明显强于蝇蕈醇(P <0 .0 0 1 )。比较药物在不同脑区的镇痛作用发现 ,氯苯氨丁酸在海马和室旁核的镇痛作用无明显区别 ,但均强于侧脑室 ;而蝇蕈醇在室旁核最强 ,其次为海马、侧脑室。结论经侧脑室、海马或室旁核微量注射蝇蕈醇或氯苯氨丁酸均能降低大鼠对痛的感受性。氯苯氨丁酸在海马和室旁核可产生较强的镇痛作用 ,而蝇蕈醇在室旁核镇痛作用较明显 ,其次为海马     

3-(3-吡啶基)-6-芳基-7H-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪的合成与波谱表征

目的：研究分子中含吡啶基的有多个杂环的化合物系列的波谱表征，方法：由烟酸出发，经多步反应，制得有吡啶基的均三唑并噻二嗪化合物，并进行红外，核磁共振氢谱与碳谱测试。结果：得到原料，中间体和产物的红外光谱图，产物的核磁共振氢谱与碳谱图。结论：标题化合物红外光谱1600cm^-1处多有C＝N伸缩振动峰，1250cm^-左右有N－N＝C伸缩振动峰，700cm^-1有C－S－C弯曲振动峰；噻二嗪亚甲基氢的化学位移δ值约为4．46，吡啶基四个氢原子化学位移约为9．3、8．9、8．7、8．0，噻二嗪亚甲基碳化学位移为23。     

糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能的观察

目的了解糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复情况,为临床进行有针对性的护理提供依据.方法对72例糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复情况进行观察,并随机抽取70例非糖尿病腹部手术患者作对照.结果在肠鸣音恢复及肛门排气时间、进流质饮食后食欲状况、恶心呕吐、腹胀发生情况5个方面进行比较,两组消化道功能恢复差异明显(P均＜0.01).结论糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复延迟,临床护理中应予重视.     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

小肠浆肌膜腔内自体脾组织移植动物模型的建立与意义

目的探讨增加自体脾组织移植量的方法,提高自体移植脾组织的功能。方法贵州小型香猪3头,经肌注麻醉后剖腹切除脾脏,取脾脏的1/2约150g,切成1mm×1mm×1mm小块备用。在距Treitz韧带50cm处,切取保留肠系膜血管的空肠30cm旷置,再吻合肠管恢复肠腔通道,缝闭肠系膜裂口。旷置空肠等分2段,去除肠粘膜,缝闭一端,将约50g脾组织块分别植于2段肠浆肌膜腔内,缝闭另一端口,妥善固定于肠系膜上。大网膜内移植30g脾组织作为对照观察。结果4个月饲养期间内无肠梗阻发。3段肠浆肌膜腔内脾组织再生良好,组织结构与大网膜内移植脾组织无明显差别,2段再生较差,1段形成脓肿。结论肠浆肌膜腔内移植脾组织的量较大,可作为自体脾组织的移植术式。     

饮食因素与肠道微生态的研究进展

微生态学是20世纪兴起的一门生命学科，它是从健康水平研究微生物之间与环境和宿主之间相互依存、相互制约规律的科学。饮食因素对维持肠道微生态的平衡起着重要的作用。本文就肠道菌群与人体健康、饮食因素对肠道菌群的影响以及对菌群失调的调节作用作一综述。     

不伴Ⅱb型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征的咽喉部多发性黏膜神经瘤一例

不伴Ⅱb型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征(multiple endocrine neoplazia Ⅱb，MENⅡb)的多发性黏膜神经瘤(multiple mucosal neuroma，MMN)甚为罕见，现有文献仅见5例报道，病变分别位于结膜、支气管、舌、直肠乙状结肠和喉部。我们收治1例不伴MENⅡb的咽喉部MMN，报道如下。