Aberrant Effective Connectivity of the Ventral Putamen in Boys With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ObjectiveThe connectivity alterations in the putamen were found in revealing the neural correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but whether the effective connectivity of the putamen is atypical in ADHD remains unclear. Investigating this abnormality contributes to describing the neural circuit of ADHD at the level of macrostructural organization. MethodsData were acquired from thirty-two boys with ADHD and fifty-two matched typically developing controls (TDC) from Peking University (Peking) dataset deposited at the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC) platform. We examined the effective connectivity of the putamen using Granger causality analysis (GCA) and then determined whether these connections could differentiate ADHD from TDC. ResultsCompared with TDC, the ADHD group showed decreased effective connectivity from the left ventral rostral putamen (VRP) to left calcarine (CAL), right medial part of the superior frontal gyrus, left orbital part of superior frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG). Increased effective connectivity from the left inferior occipital gyrus and right lingual gyrus to left VRP was also found in ADHD. The result of the classification accuracy showed that 72.3% of participants were correctly classified using support vector machine. Moreover, GCA values from the left VRP to left CAL and left MOG were significantly correlated with hyper/impulsive scores of patients with ADHD. ConclusionThe findings may help extend our understanding of the ADHD-related neural loops.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤加减治疗更年期综合征38例

岳沛芬主任继承父业、师从其父--当代著名中医学家岳美中教授,潜心钻研中医学术,在从事中医临床工作30余年中积累了丰富的临床经验,理论造诣深厚,特别是在妇科疾病的治疗方面独具特色,2002年被市中医药管理局确定为市级名老中医、研究生导师.笔者有幸从师多年,现将岳老师用柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤加减治疗妇女更年期综合征38例疗效观察总结如下.     

加权重基因共表达网络分析识别慢性肾脏病 足细胞损伤关键节点基因MAGI 2

目的 通过加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）识别慢性肾脏病（CKD）足细胞损伤相关的基 因模块与关键基因。方法 从基因表达综合数据库（GEO）中下载包含足细胞损伤体外模型及CKD 患者肾小 球组份的表达谱GSE66107、GSE93798、GSE30528、GSE32591 4 个数据集。利用R 软件包做数据预处理并选 取错误发现率（FDR）<0.05 及差异倍数≥ 1.5 作为差异表达基因（DEG）;结合数据集GSE993395（133 例 CKD 患者肾小球样本）用WGCNA 进行模块化分析并对模块内基因进行功能注释（GO）,根据GO 结果和 含有文献报道的足细胞标准基因（PSG ）情况确定足细胞损伤相关模块,根据模块内基因连接度（Kwithin） 挑选枢纽（hub ）基因;利用Cytoscape 软件及插件Cluego 构建足细胞损伤相关模块基因的加权共表达网络。 结果 4 个数据集共得到 趋势一致的DEG 7 957 个,其中15 个DEG 在4 个数据集中均有差异（coDEG）。 GSE993395 中包含的4 031 个DEG 被用于WGCNA 分析;最终得到12 个基因模块,其中green 模块包含最多的 coDEG 和PSG,进一步通过Kwithin 发现其中同时作为coDEG 和PSG 的MAGI 2 基因是其hub 基因之一。结论 WGCNA 表达网络分析方法是一个高效的系统生物学方法,应用该方法发现CKD 时关键节点基因MAGI 2 在 足细胞损伤中可能起到重要作用。     

Study of preferred background luminance in watching computer screen in children

Background In recent years,computers have been intensively used at home.In contrast to paper-based books and documents,computer screen is self-illuminated with larger screen-background luminance difference,which greatly induces visual discomfort.To compensate for that,one effective solution is to offer an additional background luminance.In this study,we investigated whether and to what extent additional background lighting is needed in looking at a computer display comfortably.Methods In this study,60 healthy children aged from 9 to 12 years and 58 adults aged from 21 to 39 years participated in the experiments.They were asked to choose their most preferred background luminance intensities at three screen luminance levels.The data were analyzed by Matlab （R2012b） and SPSS 20.0.Results Both children and adult participants selected a non-dark background as their comfortable lighting condition when watching a computer display （children：t （59）=22.0,P 〈0.01,adults：t （57）=15.5,P 〈0.01）.Comparatively,children preferred brighter background in general （F （1,116）=7.0,P 〈0.01）.More importantly,participants＇ preferred background luminance levels were linearly correlated with screen luminance intensities （children：slope=0.97,R2=0.98; adults：slope=0.38,R2=1.00）.Conclusion These results indicate that varying background luminance to maintain screen-background luminance ratio is beneficial to human visual comfort.     

三维超声在眼部疾病中的初步应用

目的:了解三维超声成像在眼部常见疾病中的图像特点以及新的诊断方法的优越性.方法:应用OTI 3D i-Scan眼科专用超声仪先作二维B超检查,然后探头沿垂直轴旋转180度,获取连续二维扫描图像,经计算机处理重建成三维图像.结果:视网膜脱离的三维立体图像表现为半球形、喇叭形等;玻璃体后脱离呈片状、漏斗形膜,玻璃体混浊呈雪花形;脉络膜黑色素瘤显示扁圆球形或圆形实质性团块,球内异物呈现三角形强回声团块,近球壁出现球后组织声影等.结论:应用三维超声成像可以显示眼部病变的立体形状、内部任何断面结构、表面特征、不同结构的空间关系,扩展了对图像的观察范围,精确计算病变的体积,监视病变的变化及治疗效果.     

靶向Trop-2 CAR-T细胞的制备及其体外对卵巢癌细胞杀伤作用的研究

目的：制备靶向人滋养层细胞表面抗原2（human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 , Trop-2)的嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cell , CAR-T）,观察Trop-2 CAR-T细胞在体外对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响。方法：运用分子克隆及基因重组技术构建Trop-2 CAR;采用Western blot检测Trop-2 CAR在293T细胞中的表达;CCK-8法检测Trop-2 CAR-T细胞对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响;ELISA检测细胞因子分泌的变化。结果：酶切鉴定及测序分析结果表明,Trop-2 CAR各基因片段连接正确;Western blot检测结果显示,该质粒能够在293T细胞中有效表达;CCK-8结果显示,制备的Trop-2 CAR-T细胞在体外能明显抑制表达Trop-2的卵巢癌细胞的增殖（P＜0.05）;ELISA检测结果表明Trop-2 CAR-T细胞与表达Trop-2的卵巢癌细胞共培养后,干扰素（interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白介素（interleukin-2,IL-2)细胞因子分泌增加（P＜0.01）。结论：该研究成功制备了Trop-2 CAR-T细胞,可有效抑制Trop-2表达阳性的卵巢癌细胞的增殖。     

Development of a Flow-Through USP-4 Apparatus Drug Release Assay to Evaluate Doxorubicin Liposomes

Doxil® is a complex parenteral doxorubicin (DOX) liposome formulation approved by the FDA. For generic doxorubicin liposomes, analyzing the release profile of DOX is important for quality control and comparability studies. However, there is no robust standard drug release assay available for doxorubicin liposomes. In this study, we describe a USP-4 apparatus assay capable of discriminating DOX liposomal formulations based on release profile. Establishment of the assay was hindered by limited DOX release from liposomes in physiological conditions at 37°C. The addition of NH₄HCO₃ to the release media facilitated DOX release proportionally to the salt concentration added but caused precipitation of released drug in USP-4 apparatus. Precipitation of DOX was avoided by adding hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) to the release medium. We optimized conditions for DOX release by varying a number of parameters such as: concentration of HP-CD, testing temperature, and concentration of tested samples. The optimized release medium contained: 100 mM NH₄HCO₃, 75 mM 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and 5% w/v HP-CD, 5% w/v sucrose, 0.02% w/v NaN₃ (pH 6). The drug release assay was performed at 45°C. The optimized release assay can discriminate between DOX liposomal formulations of different compositions, physicochemical properties, and prepared by different manufacturing methods. This indicates that the assay could be used to compare DOX release from generic DOX formulations to the innovator product Doxil®.     

4-乙烯基环氧环己烷的溴化反应——4-乙烯基环氧环己烷的邻基参与反应研究

对４－乙烯基环氧环己烷的溴化反应进行了研究。结果表明，顺式的４－乙烯基环氧环己烷与溴进行加成反应时，发生了邻基参与反应，生成五元或六元的环醚化合物；反式的４－乙烯基环氧环己烷只和溴发生加成反应，生成４－（１，２－二溴）－乙基环氧环己烷。当４－乙烯基环氧环己烷与溴等摩尔反应时，邻基参与反应的比例和加成反应的比例相等。     

Abnormal Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Left Rostral Hippocampus in Predicting Antidepressant Efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder

Objective Some pharmacological treatments are ineffective in parts of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), hence this needs prediction of effective treatment responses. The study aims to examine the relationship between dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of the hippocampal subregion and antidepressant improvement of MDD patients and to estimate the capability of dFC to predict antidepressant efficacy. Methods The data were from 70 MDD patients and 43 healthy controls (HC); the dFC of hippocampal subregions was estimated by sliding-window approach based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI). After 3 months treatment, 36 patients underwent second R-fMRI scan and were then divided into the response group and non-response group according to clinical responses. Results The result manifested that MDD patients exhibited lower mean dFC of the left rostral hippocampus (rHipp.l) compared with HC. After 3 months therapy, the response group showed lower dFC of rHipp.l compared with the non-response group. The dFC of rHipp.l was also negatively correlated with the reduction rate of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Conclusion These findings highlighted the importance of rHipp in MDD from the dFC perspective. Detection and estimation of these changes might demonstrate helpful for comprehending the pathophysiological mechanism and for assessment of treatment reaction of MDD.     

Acupoint electrogymnastics therapy for treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia: a multicenter randomized control study

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint electrogymnastics therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia, so as to further popularize this therapy in treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia. METHODS: Using three-central, randomized, controlled, multi-blind methods, 153 cases were divided into an electrogymnastics group (n = 77) and an electroacupuncture group (n = 76). They were treated with acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA), respectively. Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5) on upper limbs and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) on the lower limbs were selected in the two groups. A JD-2008 hemiplegia treatment apparatus was used in the AE group. Fugl-Meyer method was used for assessment of motor function and sense function of the four limbs, balance function and joint activity, etc. before and after treatment. RESULTS: In the motor function and sense function of four limbs, balance function and joint activity in the two groups had significant improvement after treatment (both P < 0. 001) with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA) have a similar therapeutic effect on apoplectic hemiplegia, but AE has the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience in operation, so it is suitable for long-term rehabilitation treatment of the patient and for popularization in hospital of basic level.