Classification and treatment of severe ankle articular segment deficits: osteochondral allograft reconstruction

Severe ankle degeneration can be a devastating problem for young adults. Although ankle fusion continues to be the gold standard, inherent long-term problems are related to this treatment option. Further advances in total ankle prosthetic arthroplasty are needed before this treatment option can be considered suitable in a younger population. The use of fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation can provide an alternative treatment option without precluding future salvage procedures. Future studies may further define the role immunosuppression can play in improving fresh osteochondral allograft viability.     

Schroeder-Essed术治疗先天性单纯阴茎弯曲

目的 探讨Schroeder-Essed术治疗单纯性阴茎下屈畸形的疗效.方法 回顾分析1999年1月至2009年7月收治的尿道开口正常的阴茎下屈畸形患者21例,年龄3～42岁,平均13.3岁,下弯平均约15°～90°,平均45°,侧弯1例约40°.均采用Schroeder-Essed术辅以阴茎皮肤脱套的手术方法,必要时结合尿道游离以及尿道成形术治疗.结果 手术后阴茎弯曲完全纠正20例,Ⅰ型3例矫正阴茎弯曲后利用阴茎背侧包皮行Duckett尿道成形术.Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型共17例、Ⅳ型1例经Schroeder-Essed术辅以阴茎皮肤完全脱套术弯曲得到完全矫正.术后近期并发症主要为疼痛、尿道不适;远期并发症为尿瘘1例,局部皮肤感染1例,残留下弯1例(约15°)但不影响正常性生活.随访6～25个月,疗效满意.2例成年患者性生活正常.结论 Schroeder-Essed术结合阴茎皮肤脱套技术能矫正大多数单纯阴茎弯曲畸形,简便易行、并发症少,是治疗轻中度单纯阴茎下屈畸形的良好方法.     

颅内脊索瘤的MRI表现及其临床意义

目的探讨颅内脊索瘤的MRI改变及其临床意义。材料与方法对1992年至2001年21例经手术和病理证实的颅内脊索瘤的MRI影像学表现进行了回顾性分析。结果颅内脊索瘤大多发生于颅底中线处的斜坡和／或鞍区,并广泛侵犯颅底的神经和大血管等重要结构;在T1WI主要表现为低信号,T2WI表现为不均匀高信号,Gd—DTPA静脉注射增强后,均有较明显的不均匀强化。此外,侵及斜坡的脊索瘤均出现斜坡形态和其内MR信号的异常改变。结论MRI检查颅内脊索瘤的临床意义在于明确肿瘤的部位、大小和范围,评价肿瘤对颅底神经和大血管等重要结构的侵犯情况,有助于和斜坡与鞍区的其它疾病如骨软骨瘤、颅咽管瘤的鉴别。从而制定合适的手术方案。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征患者血浆细胞因子水平的影响

目的观察连续性静脉．静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者血浆细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响。方法选择MODS患者22例,行CVVH治疗,取治疗前后动脉血做血气分析,取静脉血和滤出液检测有关细胞因子水平。在开始行CVVH前及CVVH治疗后1h．4h、8h分别测量心率和平均动脉压。结果22例患者CVVH治疗后血浆TNF-α、IL-1水平明显下降（P〈0．05）。超滤液中未检出TNF-α,但有较高浓度的IL-1、IL-6和IL-8。与CVVH前比较,患者心率显著下降（P〈0．05）,平均动脉压和氧合指数明显升高（P〈0．05）。CVVH治疗后患者的APACHEⅡ评分显著下降,其下降与置换液速度呈正相关。死亡患者置换液速度与存活患者置换液速度有显著差异（P〈0．05）。能够被CVVH有效清除的细胞因子与置换液速度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论CVVH可清除MODS患者血浆中部分细胞因子,并可改善患者血流动力学及氧合功能。加大置换液速度能更好地清除外周血细胞因子,并改善预后。     

长链非编码RNA Linc00472靶向微小RNA-381对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的:观察长链非编码RNA Linc00472(LncRNA Linc00472)靶向调控微小RNA-381(miR-381)对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法:收集2017年3月至2018年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的骨肉瘤患者29例为研究对象,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测骨肉瘤组织和...     

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide. Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics, the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.MethodsA total of 165 HCC patients, including 146 males and 19 females, were enrolled. The median age was 55 years (range, 27–78 years). Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis. A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations (SNV), short and long insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were analyzed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.ResultsA total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues. TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens, with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb (range, 0–28.4 Muts/Mb) and a 75% TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1, TSC2, CCND1, ARID1A, and FGF19. SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs. Compared to wild-type patients, the proportion of Edmondson grade III–IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients (P<0.05). The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) <25 µmg/L, and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients (P<0.05). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients (P<0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion (P=0.002, OR =3.096) and Edmondson grade III–IV (P=0.008, OR =2.613). The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule (P=0.001, OR =3.030), and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP (<25 µmg/L) (P=0.009, OR =3.414).ConclusionsThe most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53, TERT, and CTNNB1, which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway, Wnt pathway, and telomere repair pathway. There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III–IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients, while in CTNNB1 mutated patients, there were more patients with Edmondson I–II grade, AFP <25 µmg/L, and a non-hepatitis B background. Also, the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.     

Y染色体上9个STR基因座基因频率在不育和生育力正常人群间分布的比较

目的 评估某些Y染色体单倍型是否为导致男性不育的Y染色体微缺失的易感或保护因素,以确定并比较Y染色体上9个STR基因座基因频率在不育患者和有生育力正常人群中的分布.方法 应用STR复合扩增、基因扫描、基因分型方法检测69例特发性不育男性患者及66例生育力正常男性Y染色体上9个STR基因座基因频率,并比较Y染色体微缺失及无缺失不育男性之间这些基因频率的差异.结果 不育组与对照组相比,DYS393和DYS392基因座频率分布差异较大,特发性无精子症和严重少精子症不育人群的DYS393的等位基因13的基因频率明显高于正常生育力人群,PC<0.05,DYS393的等位基因15和DYS392的等位基因10在特发性无精子症和严重少精子症不育人群中的分布明显低于正常生育力人群,PC<0.05.携带Yq缺失与不携带Yq缺失不育男性之间9个STR基因座基因频率分布比较发现DYS439和DYS392基因座基因频率差异较大,DYS439等位基因10和DYS392等位基因15在Y染色体微缺失和无Y染色体微缺失的不育男性之间的分布差异具有统计学意义,PC<0.05.结论 携带DYS393等位基因13和不携带DYS393等位基因15和DYS392等位基因10的男性可能具有发生不育的倾向,而携带DYS439的等位基因10以及不携带DYS392的等位基因15的不育男性可能更易于发生Y染色体微缺失,提示男性的生育力及Y染色体微缺失可能受Y染色体特殊的遗传背景的影响.     

单向式全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的学习曲线分析

目的 分析单向式全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的学习曲线.方法 前瞻性收集2006年5月至2009年4月由两名医师完成的125例全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的临床资料.将手术病例按主刀医师分为A(n=24)、B(n=101)两组,并将B组按时间顺序根据患者例数分为B1(n=25)、B2(n=25)、B3(n=25)、B4(n=26)组.A组手术医师开展胸腔镜手术2年,B组手术医师开展胸腔镜手术5年.比较各组的手术时间、术中失血量、清扫淋巴结数目、中转开胸率、术后并发症发生率.结果 与B组比较,A组手术时间较长[(237±85)min比(187±43)min,P=0.013],而术中失血量、清扫淋巴结数目、中转开胸率、术后并发症发生率两组间差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组与B1组比较也有相同结果.B组中从B1组到B4组手术时间逐渐缩短、术中失血量逐渐减少,但差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).而B组中前50例(B1+B2)与后51例(B3+B4)比较术中失血量减少[(122±141)ml比(87±81),P=0.009].结论 在开展完全胸腔镜肺癌切除的早期阶段,手术时间会较长,这在腔镜手术经历较短的医生更明显,但并发症发生率无显著增加.完成50例全胸腔镜肺癌切除手术可作为评价熟练掌握该手术的指标.     

静脉输注右美托咪定辅助腰麻对老年患者髋关节置换术后镇痛的影响

目的观察静脉注射不同剂量右美托咪定辅助镇静对老年患者髋关节置换术后镇痛的影响。方法选择择期行髋关节置换术的老年患者（≥65岁）60例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组。行蛛网膜下腔阻滞后,D1组予右美托咪定1滋g/kg负荷剂量（15min输注完毕）,继以维持剂量0.2滋g/（kg·h）至术毕;D2组予右美托咪定负荷剂量0.5滋g/kg（15min输注完毕）,维持剂量0.2滋g/（kg·h）;对照组（C组）予等体积的0.9%氯化钠静脉输注（方法同D1组）。术后48h内予氟比洛芬酯50mg12h内静脉注射+曲马多50mg2次/d口服常规术后镇痛,当术后VAS评分≥4分时,予肌肉注射曲马多100mg补救镇痛。评估术后2、6、12、24、36、48h视觉模拟评分（VAS）,记录术后48h内首次补救镇痛时间、补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度及围术期不良反应发生率。结果与C组相比,D1组、D2组患者术后6h静息VAS评分显著降低,术后48h内补救镇痛率降低,镇痛满意度较高,D1组术后首次补救镇痛时间明显延迟,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。D1组与D2组之间镇痛情况无统计学差别（P＞0.05）。D1组、D2组低血压发生率较C组明显升高（P＜0.05）。3组患者心动过缓、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐及寒战等不良反应发生率无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论不同剂量右美托咪定辅助腰麻均能显著提高老年患者髋关节置换术后48h内的镇痛效果,0.5μg/kg负荷剂量发挥有效的辅助镇痛效果。