1354 freshmen's dental investigation]

1354 freshmen have been investigated to discover the relationship between dental diseases and environments,living habits and personal sanitary conditions,because urban young men like sweet foods and snacks,the incidence of caries is greater in the cities than in the country,more people with tetracycline discolored tooth live in urban areas than in the rustic ones,which is due to dense living conditions, vulnerable to respiratory organs disease,medical conditions and convenience of taking tetracycline when ill;on the other hand,gingivitis is more common within the country students than within the city students,for those students from the country are used to brush their tooth after adolescence and usually have more dental calculus which is harmful to the gingiva.More than half of the investigated freshmen are ignorant of correct method of brushing and oral health and that is important factors of high rate of dental disease,according to the above reasons,the effective measures should educated to prevent dental disease.     

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis

Background and Objective:  The clinical features suggest that genetic factors may have a strong influence on susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with generalized aggressive periodontitis in Chinese patients.
Material and Methods:  A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for 10,438,141 C to T (rs1544410, Bsm I), 10,382,063 A to G (rs731236, Taq I), 10,382,143 C to A (rs7975232, Apa I) and 10,416,201 A to G (rs2228570, Fok I) of vitamin D receptor gene was analysed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by digestion with restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis. The genotypes of 51 generalized aggressive periodontitis patients and 53 periodontally healthy control subjects were analysed. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of each polymorphism site for the patients and control subjects were compared.
Results:  The distribution of vitamin D receptor Fok I genotypes and alleles between the two groups was significantly different ( p =  0.043 and p  = 0.012, respectively). The F allele seemed to increase the susceptibility of aggressive periodontitis (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–3.50) in Chinese patients. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution or the allele frequencies of vitamin D receptor Bsm I, Apa I and Taq I between two groups.
Conclusion:  The study indicates that Fok I polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene might be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis in Chinese patients. In addition, the carriage of F allele increases the risk of developing generalized aggressive periodontitis.     

铋剂四联10天疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效分析

目的 评价铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2018年7月—2021年6月于湘雅常德医院就诊使用铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗Hp感染的209例患者作为研究对象。患者采用艾司奥美拉唑镁肠溶片（20 mg）+阿莫西林胶囊（1 g）+克拉霉素（0.5 mg）+胶体酒石酸铋胶囊（220 mg）均2次/d,酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg）3次/d,疗程10 d。后续追加艾司奥美拉唑肠溶片（20 mg,1次/d）+酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg,3次/d）+聚普瑞锌颗粒（75 mg,2次/d）,疗程14 d。结果 符合方案集分析（PP）和意向性分析（ITT）的Hp根除成功率分别为97.4%（189/194）和90.4%（189/209）,9例（4.4%）患者在治疗期间出现不良反应,但程度均较轻微,可自行缓解。结论 铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌作为Hp感染的治疗方案,根除率高,安全可行,在缩短抗生素疗程的同时不仅增加患者的依从性,也减少细菌产生耐药性。     

A movable microelectrode array for chronic basal ganglia single-unit electrocorticogram co-recording in freely behaving rats

The basal ganglia–cortical circuits are important for information process to brain function. However, chronic recording of single-unit activities in the basal ganglia nucleus has not yet been well established. We present a movable bundled microwire array for chronic subthalamic nucleus (STN) single-unit electrocorticogram co-recording. The electrode assembly contains a screw-advanced microdrive and a microwire array. The array consists of a steel guide tube, five recording wires and one referenced wire which form the shape of a guiding hand, and one screw electrode for cortico-recording. The electrode can acquire stable cortex oscillation-driven STN firing units in rats under different behaving conditions for 8 weeks. We achieved satisfying signal-to-noise ratio, portions of cells retaining viability, and spike waveform similarities across the recording sections. Using this method, we investigated neural correlations of the basal ganglia–cortical circuits in different behaving conditions. This method will become a powerful tool for multi-region recording to study normal statements or movement disorders.     

Acrylamide exposure impairs blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function

Previous studies show that chronic acrylamide exposure leads to central and peripheral neu- ropathy. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we examined the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and its ability to secrete transthyretin and transport leptin of rats exposed to acrylamide for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. Transthyretin levels in cerebrospinal fluid began to decline on day 7 after acrylamide exposure. The sodium fluorescein level in cerebrospinal fluid was increased on day 14 after exposure. Evans blue concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was increased and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio was decreased on days 21 and 28 after exposure. In comparison, the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio was increased on day 28 after exposure. Our findings show that acrylamide exposure damages the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and impairs secretory and transport functions. These changes may underlie acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.     

Development of mitochondrial SSU rDNA-based oligonucleotide probes for specific detection of common airborne fungi

In this study we sequenced partial mitochondrial small subunit rDNA from 32 fungal strains representing 31 species from 16 genera. Most of these species are common airborne fungi and pathogens that may cause various public health concerns. Sequence alignment showed several conserved and highly variable regions. The variable regions were deployed to design oligonucleotide probes for each fungal species. The specificity of the designed probes was first examined through homology search against GenBank database then further verified through hybridization experiments to 38 fungal strains. A total of 23 probes were verified as specific to 15 fungal species commonly detected in living and working environments. These new probes will have potential applications in clinical diagnosis and public health-related environmental monitoring.     

Thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis in children with severe post-tubercular kyphotic deformities treated by single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy: preliminary report a 4-year follow-up of 12 patients

Purpose

The correction of severe post-tubercular kyphosis (PTK) is complex and has the disadvantage of being multistaged with a high morbidity. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of children who underwent single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy as a surgical treatment of PTK of the thoracolumbar spine.

Method

Our study group included 12 children with thoracolumbar PTK (seven boys and five girls) with an average age of 9.4 years (range 6–12 years), who were treated at our institution from January 2004 to October 2009. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale and visual analog scale score were used to classify neurologic function. All patients underwent halo-pelvic traction before surgery and were treated with single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy.

Result

The duration of surgery averaged 99 min (range 70–150 min). Average blood loss was 782 ml (range 560–1,200 ml), and the average length of hospital stay was 12 days (range 8–16 days). The neurological function of all patients improved significantly after the procedure. The mean preoperative kyphotic angle was 83.3° (range 59–118°), which had reduced to 27.6° (range 20–38°) at the final follow-up visit. All patients had solid fusion, and no major complications were observed through the final follow-up visit.

Conclusion

Single-stage closing–opening wedge osteotomy is an effective method to correct severe thoracolumbar PTK. A main advantage of the procedure is that it is a posterior-only, single-staged surgery, allowing for significant correction with minimal complications.