贵州省省级职业化专业化药品检查员队伍的现状分析与建议

目的：为完善构建省级职业化专业化药品(含医疗器械、化妆品)检查员队伍(以下简称省级药品检查员队伍)提供建议。方法：总结归纳贵州省省级职业化专业化药品检查员队伍相关法规和要求; 分析其现状和面临的问题,提出相应建议。结果与结论：贵州省虽然通过多种途径奠定了省级药品检查员队伍基础,但是队伍建设还面临诸多问题,例如教育培训工作的质量和实效有待加强,检查员队伍的结构不尽合理,质量体系不能有效保障各项检查工作需求;专职检查员缺乏上升通道和有效考核评价机制。建议深化教育培训工程和持续优化质量体系提升检查员队伍专业化水平;通过打通专职检查员上升通道,构建完善检查员考核评价体系,尽快解决职业化问题。     

术中应用丝裂霉素C预防翼状胬肉术后复发的疗效观察

目的 :探讨丝裂霉素 (mitomycinC ,MMC)在翼状胬肉转移术中的应用及与MMC接触的眼表组织超微结构改变。方法 :将 5 7例 (6 2只眼 )原发性进行期翼状胬肉随机分为对照组和MMC组 ,对照组 2 8例 (30只眼 ) ,MMC组2 9例 (32只眼 )。对照组行单纯翼状胬肉转移术 ,MMC组术中局部放置饱含 0 4mg·ml-1MMC的棉片 1min。比较两组复发率及术后并发症。电镜观察并比较接触及未与MMC接触的眼表组织的超微结构。术后随访 (7 6± 3 4)月 (1～13个月 )。结果 :MMC组 2只眼 (6 3% )复发 ,对照组 11只眼 (36 7% )复发 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ,随访期间未见严重并发症。电镜观察到与MMC接触的眼表组织显示大多数纤维母细胞 (fibroblast,FB)的粗面内质网 (roughendoplasmicreticulum ,RER)扩张 ,其他细胞无明显改变 ,对照组无此改变。结论 :原发性翼状胬肉转移术中局部应用 0 4mg·ml-1MMC 1min ,是一种防止术后复发的安全、有效而又简单的方法。眼表组织接触 0 4mg·ml-1MMC 1min后 ,FB显示RER扩张。     

膝关节韧带复合损伤研究新进展

膝关节韧带复合损伤是骨科中较为复杂及严重的损伤之一。在膝关节韧带损伤中,韧带复合损伤占25%～60%。多数膝关节韧带复合损伤包括前交叉韧带或后交叉韧带损伤伴发至少一条侧副韧带损伤,损伤机制多为高能量直接暴力。早期系统的检查评估对预后有重要影响,尤需重视血管神经损伤,处理不当将导致严重后遗症。物理学检查可作出较准确的诊断,以制定合理的治疗方案。治疗极具争议和挑战,近年多主张早期行韧带修复或重建术。保守治疗仅适于韧带轻度损伤、部分年龄较大或对膝关节功能要求较低的病例。该文就目前膝关节韧带复合损伤的发生机制、临床评估与诊断及治疗作一综述。     

康复训练对慢性衰退精神分裂症患者康复的效果观察

目的：探讨康复训练对慢性衰退精神分裂症患者的作用。方法：将80例患者随机分成两组，每组40例，一组接受康复训练，另一组只接受常规护理，时间为12个月。用阴性症状量表及护理观察量表，在0、6月、12月进行评分分析。结果：接受康复训练组阴性症状及衰退程度好于对照组。结论：康复训练可以改善慢性精神分裂症患者的阴性症状，减慢衰退程度。     

Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during and after acute cerebral ischemia

In order to understand the role of monoamines in cerebral ischemia, 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid(HVA), the three major unconjugated monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), of 33 patients and 18 controls were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed all three metabolites were raised in patients with severe ischemia, but only MHPG and 5-HIAA were elevated significantly, MHPG changes more quickly and regularly as a consequence of cerebral ischemia than the two others. A positive correlation between any pair of metabolites was found in controls and in patients in the first week after stroke, but not at the end of the second week. Computer assisted multivariate analysis indicated 5-HIAA and MHPG correlated more closely with the state of illness in the acute stage, whereas HVA correlated the least. Possible explanations for the changes of CSF levels of amine metabolites are discussed.     

Effect of fructose or sucrose feeding with different levels on oral glucose tolerance test in normal and type 2 diabetic rats

This study was designed to determine whether acute fructose or sucrose administration at different levels (0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg body weight) might affect oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. In OGTT, there were no significant differences in glucose responses between acute fructose- and sucrose-administered groups. However, in normal rats, the AUCs of the blood glucose response for the fructose-administered groups tended to be lower than those of the control and sucrose-administered groups. The AUCs of the lower levels fructoseor sucrose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of higher levels fructose- or sucrose-administered groups. In type 2 diabetic rats, only the AUC of the lowest level of fructose-administered (0.05 g/kg body weight) group was slightly smaller than that of the control group. The AUCs of fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those of the sucrose-administered groups, and the AUCs of lower levels fructose-administered groups tended to be smaller than those fed higher levels of fructose. We concluded from this experiment that fructose has tendency to be more effective in blood glucose regulation than sucrose, and moreover, that smaller amount of fructose is preferred to larger amount. Specifically, our experiments indicated that the fructose level of 0.05 g/kg body weight as dietary supplement was the most effective amount for blood glucose regulation from the pool of 0.05 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg body weights. Therefore, our results suggest the use of fructose as the substitute sweetener for sucrose, which may be beneficial for blood glucose regulation.     

一氧化氮合成阻滞大鼠模型血浆一氧化氮变化及益气化瘀法干预作用

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在妊娠高血压综合征及胎儿宫内发育迟缓发病中的作用及益气化瘀法提高胎盘血供的内在机制。　方法　采用 L-精氨酸甲酯 (L- NAME)于妊娠第 10 d起皮下注射制作模型 ,黄芪、丹参复方成分及硝酸甘油干预 ,于妊娠 12 d起测尾动脉血压 ,考马斯亮兰法检测尿蛋白含量 ,妊娠第 18d用亚硝酸根还原酶法检测血浆NO水平 ;　结果　模型组 NO含量明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,经黄芪丹参复方成分治疗后 ,血浆 NO水平升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,而阳性组 NO含量稍有升高 ,但差异无统计学意义。　结论　以益气化瘀立法的黄芪丹参复方成分舒张血管、降低外周阻力 ,改善胎盘循环的作用可能是通过促进内皮细胞分泌 NO而实现的     

Structure,function, and regulation of renal organic anion transporters

Renal elimination of anionic drugs, xenobiotics, and toxins is necessary for the survival of mammalian species. This process is mediated by vectorial transport from blood to urine through the cooperative functions of specific transporters in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubule epithelium. The first step of this process is the extraction of organic anions from the peritubular blood plasma into proximal tubule cells largely through the organic anion transporter (OAT) pathway. Therefore, the OAT pathway is one of the major sites for body drug clearance/detoxification. As a result, it is also the site for drug-drug interaction and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. To maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity, the structure-function relationships of OATs and their regulation must be defined. The recent cloning and identification of OATs have paved the way for such investigations. This review summarizes the available data on the general properties of OATs, focusing in particular on the recent progress made from the author's laboratory as well as from other's, on the molecular characterization of the structure-function relationships of OATs and their regulatory mechanisms.