Surgically Managed Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Comparative and Prognostic Analysis

BACKGROUND: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to have marked clinical efficacy in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We performed a comparative and prognostic analysis of our experience with surgically managed GIST to determine factors associated with adverse oncologic outcomes. METHODS: Oncologic outcomes of 191 patients with primary GIST surgically managed between 1978 and 2004 at a single institution were reviewed. Prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) and included age, sex, disease presentation (asymptomatic vs. symptomatic), tumor site (stomach, small bowel, colorectal), disease extent (localized vs. metastatic) and risk levels (high, intermediate, low, very-low) assigned on the basis of size and number of mitoses according to current National Institutes of Health recommendations. Primary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS: A total of 186 patients (97%) had c-kit-positive GIST. There were 54% high, 22% intermediate, 18% low, and 8% very low risk GIST originating from the stomach (54%), small bowel (36%), and colon and rectum (10%). Median patient age was 65 (range, 13-91) years, and 108 subjects (57%) were male. Seventy-two percent of patients had symptomatic local disease, and 21% patients had synchronous metastases. Most (95%) underwent R0 resections of their primary tumor. Among 146 patients (76%) with localized disease at presentation undergoing R0 resection, the 5-year DFS was 65%. High-risk GIST (HR 12, 95% CI, 5-32, P < .0001), symptomatic presentation (HR 2.5, 95% CI, 1.1-6, P = .04), and GIST in the small bowel (HR 2.8, 95% CI, 1-5, P = .003) were independently associated with decreased DFS. After a median follow-up of 63 months among survivors, the 5-year DSS was 68%. High-risk disease (HR 14.3, 95% CI, 5-41, P < .0001), symptomatic presentation (HR 3.1, 95% CI, 1.2-7.9, P = .02), and GIST in the small bowel (2.6,3 95% CI, 1-5, P = .006) were independently associated with decreased DSS. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk GIST are associated with increased disease recurrence and decreased survival despite complete surgical resection. These patients should receive adjuvant therapy in the form of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.     

上海市婚后六年妻子避孕知识状况及影响因素分析

目的 :了解上海市 80年代末初婚 76 93对夫妇婚后 6年内妻子避孕知识状况。方法 :由描述及拟合多元线性回归模型对影响妻子婚后 6年时避孕知识得分的因素进行分析。结果 :该时 96 .3 %的夫妇已有一孩 ;妻子平均避孕知识得分 ( 1 6 .4分 )虽明显高于新婚 3个月时 ( 5.9分 ) ,但与婚后 1 5个月时比较 ( 1 1 .9分 ) ,无显著差异 ;0 .9%仍对避孕措施一无所知 ;2 0 .5%仍不会正确使用避孕套 ;虽 95%知道口服药 ,仅 3 1 .8%能正确述出使用方法 ,对安全期基本了解的正确性相对较高 ,在 91 .7%的知道该措施的妻子中 ,77.1 %能基本掌握推算排卵期方法。多元回归模型显示 ,该时妻子避孕知识得分主要与其对避孕措施的负性态度、了解生殖健康有关知识的广度或受丈夫的避孕知识的影响有明显关系。不了解避孕套能预防艾滋病、性病或不愿使用某避孕措施的妻子其避孕知识得分明显偏低 ;产后首选非宫内节育器或有多种性生活体位者该时的避孕知识得分也相对较高。结论 :随婚后时间的推移 ,上海市妻子避孕知识增长趋向缓慢。计划生育工作人员及社会媒体有必要结合生殖健康知识的普及 ,继续加强对已生育孩子的夫妇双方避孕知识 ,特别是口服药对妇女健康效应的教育 ,以提高可接受性 ,进一步保障妇女健康、降低人工流产率。     

重度肩锁关节脱位的手术治疗

目的：对15例重度肩锁关节脱位的手术7治疗进行治疗,方法：15例全部为Allman分型中的Ⅲ型损伤,其中有11例切除纤维软骨盘,7例修复锁韧带,3例加用一枚松质骨螺钉固定于锁骨与喙空间,肩锁韧带全部修复,用两枚克氏针交叉固定于肩锁关节。结果：经10个月－6年的随访。疗效评价按Karlsson分类A级为12例,B级3例,病人均重返原工作岗位,有10例喙锁间隙软组织钙化,但对病人肩关节活动并无影响,结论：对重度肩锁关工锐位的病人应尽早手术治疗。克氏针交叉内固定是一种简单而有效的方法,纤维软骨盘是否切除和喙锁韧带是否修复对预后无明显影响。     

射频汽化仪用于膝关节镜手术的临床初探

目的探索冷融化技术在膝关节镜手术中的应用前景和手术技术。方法采用 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪对 20例不同膝关节疾病患者施行关节镜手术。关节镜下诊断疾病分别为：半月板撕裂 6例,股骨髁关节软骨退变 6例,髌骨半脱位 5例,滑膜增生性炎症 2例,前十字韧带部分损伤 1例。通过汽化仪做膝关节镜下半月板部分切除、损伤软骨面及韧带修整、滑膜部分切除以及髌骨外侧支持带松解术等。结果术后膝关节无须加压包扎,分别于术后 24、 48及 72 h对术侧膝关节做浮髌试验检查,均为阴性。术后 24 h行 CPM锻炼,均无明显膝关节疼痛。患者自觉症状良好。镜下观察关节和半月板软骨处理面光整,无出血。结论 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪操作方便,治疗精确,在切除病损组织时最大限度地减少了邻近组织损伤,同时具有止血功能,有利于早期康复。     

Bilateral versus unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment results between bilateral (bi-) and unilateral (uni-) sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-four patients with SSNHL were classified into two groups; simultaneous bi-SSNHL (n = 16) and uni-SSNHL (n = 308). We compared clinical characteristics, medical history, hearing level, and treatment results between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of bi-SSNHL was 4.9 percent of overall patients with SSNHL. Bi-SSNHL occurs more commonly in patients of older age, with preexisting diabetes mellitus, and lipid panel abnormalities compared with uni-SSNHL. Ten patients (62.5%) in the bi-SSNHL group showed hearing recovery in 1 or both ears compared with 56.5 percent of patients with uni-SSNHL. Only 12 (37.5%) of all 32 ears recovered in bi-SSNHL, which was significantly lower than in uni-SSNHL. CONCLUSION: Bi-SSNHL has a very low incidence and lower recovery rate than uni-SSNHL. Recognition of similarities and differences between bilateral and unilateral SSNHL can help in counseling and managing the patients.     

输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜术残留肾结石12例报告

目的:评估输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)残留肾结石的效果。方法:利用输尿管软镜治疗PCNL残留肾结石12例,男8例,女4例;平均年龄42.6岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。KUB测量结石直径为0.7~2.6cm,平均1.4cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入输尿管软镜抵达肾盂,寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。观察其手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等疗效指标。结果:本组12例均顺利完成输尿管软镜碎石,手术时间68~116min,平均92min;结石清除率为83.3%(10/12)。1例结石残留患者另作穿刺通道行二期PCNL后结石完全清除;1例术后行ESWL仍有少量结石残留,随访观察。均无严重出血及输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗PCNL后残留肾石安全、有效。     

肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病的预后分析

目的  探讨肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病(AILD)的预后情况。方法  回顾性分析1996年5月至2013年4月在第二军医大学附属长征医院实施原位肝移植术的48例终末期AILD受者的临床资料。计算受者的术后累积生存率,分析死亡病例的死因,了解术后排斥反应、病毒性肝炎新发感染及AILD复发情况。结果  48例AILD受者中,存活38例,AILD受者术后5年累积生存率为76%。10例死亡受者的死亡原因包括多器官功能衰竭、移植肝衰竭、脓毒症、肺部感染、出血、肝动脉栓塞、肾衰竭。48例AILD受者中,肝移植术后发生急性排斥反应者9例(19%),有3例分别在术后1~2年内新发乙型肝炎病毒感染,有2例原发性胆汁性肝硬化受者于术后2年出现原发病复发,经积极治疗均长期生存。结论  终末期AILD肝移植受者多数可获得长期生存,应重视肝移植术后早期免疫抑制方案的制定,预防感染及排斥反应和术后新发病毒性肝炎,及时发现原发病复发等问题。     

非酶糖基化终末产物抑制大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮的生成

目的:研究非酶糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上的表达及非酶糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮合成的抑制作用。方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,RT-PCR和免疫荧光技术检测RACE在大鼠Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理Leydig细胞(25、50、100、200μg/ml),ELISA法测定睾酮分泌量。结果:RT-PCR和免疫荧光结果表明RAGE在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理后,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)诱导的Leydig细胞睾酮合成量呈剂量浓度依赖性下降,与对照组相比,50、100、200μg/ml AGEs处理组差异显著(P0.01)。结论:大鼠Leydig细胞上存在RAGE受体,AGEs显著抑制原代培养大鼠Leydig细胞睾酮的分泌。     

我国本科毕业护士就业现状分析及展望

对我国本科护士的就业特点、本科护士对目前工作的态度以及用人单位对本科护士的评价进行综述,揭示出现目前本科护士就业现状包括就业率高中有降,考研率低中有升;就业方向仍存单一性,但有多元化发展的趋势;重三甲、大型公立医院,轻二级、社区医院等;而本科护士对于目前工作满意度低的原因包括经济收入、福利待遇方面不理想,缺乏发展空间,对专业前景持悲观态度等.提出应对本科护生的就业取向提供帮助,对本科护士在工作中的自我完善提出展望,同时对教育机构及用人单位的决策提供建设性的建议.